| Honorific Prefix: | The Most Excellent |
| José Gabriel de Silva-Bazán | |
| Honorific Suffix: | 10th Marquess of Santa Cruz GE |
| Office: | Prime Minister of Spain |
| Term Start: | 24 January 1822 |
| Term End: | 30 January 1822 |
| Predecessor: | Ramón López Pelegrín |
| Successor: | Ramón López Pelegrín |
| Office2: | Seat L of the Real Academia Española |
| Term Start2: | 24 August 1814 |
| Term End2: | 4 November 1839 |
| Predecessor2: | Vicente González Arnao |
| Successor2: | Bernardino Fernández de Velasco |
| Office3: | Director of the Real Academia Española |
| Term Start3: | 24 August 1828 |
| Term End3: | 4 November 1839 |
| Predecessor3: | José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas |
| Successor3: | Francisco Martínez de la Rosa |
| Birth Date: | 18 March 1782 |
| Death Place: | Madrid, Spain |
| Birthname: | José Gabriel de Silva-Bazán y Waldstein |
| Nationality: | Spanish |
José Gabriel de Silva-Bazán y Waldstein, 10th Marquess of Santa Cruz de Mudela (18 March 1782, in Madrid – 4 November 1839, in Madrid), was a Spanish noble, first director of the Prado Museum between 1817 and 1820 and Mayordomo mayor between 1822 and 1823.
He was a descendant of Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquess of Santa Cruz, as eldest son of José Joaquín de Silva-Bazán (1734–1802), 9th Marquess of Santa Cruz and his second Austrian wife Mariana de Waldstein (1763–1807).
He was a senator, a Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece (1821), the Order of Calatrava and the Order of Carlos III. He was also Gentilhombre, Mayordomo mayor and Sumiller de Corps of Ferdinand VII, member of the Regency Council during the childhood of Isabella II of Spain, Ambassador in París, special envoy to London for the coronation of George IV, and director of the Real Academia Española.[1] He was even Prime Minister of Spain for 6 days in January 1822.
In 1817, he became the first director of the Prado Museum. Before the Peninsular War, his father had already convinced King Charles IV not to burn the obscene paintings in the Royal collection, as was the wish of the previous king, Charles III, but to store them in a private gallery.After the War, under impulse of Queen Maria Isabel of Braganza, the museum was created with José Gabriel de Silva-Bazán as its first director.
He was replaced as director by his brother-in-law Pedro de Alcántara Téllez-Girón, after the outbreak of the Liberal Triennium, but in the uncertain times following the death of King Ferdinand VII of Spain, he collaborated with the new director José Rafael de Silva Fernández de Híjar to keep the museum's collection together.
He married in 1801 with Joaquina Téllez-Girón (1784–1851), daughter of Pedro Téllez-Girón, 9th Duke of Osuna and María Josefa Pimentel, 12th Countess-Duchess of Benavente and painted by Francisco Goya.
They had 4 children.