| Jonava | |
| Nickname: | Jonų ir Janinų sostinė (The capital of Jonai and Janinos) |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Pushpin Map: | Lithuania#Baltic states#Europe |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of Jonava in Lithuania##Location of Jonava within the Baltics##Location of Jonava in Europe |
| Coordinates: | 55.0722°N 24.2806°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Ethnographic region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Aukštaitija |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Kaunas County |
| Subdivision Type3: | Municipality |
| Subdivision Name3: | Jonava district municipality |
| Subdivision Type4: | Eldership |
| Subdivision Name4: | Jonava City Eldership |
| Subdivision Type6: | Capital of |
| Subdivision Name6: | Jonava district municipality Jonava town eldership |
| Established Date: | 1740 |
| Established Title: | First mentioned |
| Established Date2: | 1864 |
| Established Title2: | Granted city rights |
| Area Total Km2: | 13.6682 |
| Population Total: | 26423 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Elevation M: | 65 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 55xxx |
| Timezone: | EET |
| Utc Offset: | +2 |
| Timezone Dst: | EEST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | +3 |
Jonava is the ninth largest city in Lithuania with a population of .[1] It is located in Kaunas County in central Lithuania, 30km (20miles) north east of Kaunas, the second-largest city in Lithuania. It is served by Kaunas International Airport. Achema, the largest fertilizer factory in the Baltic states, is located nearby. The city is sometimes called "the capital of midsummer holiday" (lt. – Joninės).
Dominykas Kosakovskis, the founder of the town of Jonava and the Stalininkas of Samogitia, named the town in honour of his son Jonas Eustachius when he established the town next to the Skaruliai Manor.[2] In other languages the town is known as: ; Polish: Janów; German: Janau.
Jonava was officially established as a city in the 18th century during the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1750, the first wooden church was built in Jonava. In 1778, a beer brewery was operating in the town.[3] Around 1812, Napoleon and his army invaded the town and its surrounding villages. In 1923, Jonava was officially recognised as a city-status settlement and in 1950 it became the centre of the municipality.
The city had a large Jewish population before World War II. In 1893, 92% of the population was Jewish and in 1941 it was 80%. In 1932 there were 250 shops owned by Jewish families, a Jewish bank, 7 synagogues and a Jewish school.[4] During World War II Jonava was attacked by Nazi Germany. A Christian church and five Jewish synagogues were destroyed.[5] The Jews of the city were killed in two massacres, in August and September 1941. A total of 2,108 people were executed by an Einsatzgruppen of Germans and Lithuanian Self-Defence Units.[6] 200 remaining Jews were kept prisoners at the Kaunas ghetto.
After the war, the city built the largest fertilizer factory in the Baltic states and Jonava become one of the 4 biggest industrial cities in Lithuania.
An explosion occurred in the chemical fertilizers factory on 20 March 1989, causing a leakage of nearly 7,500 tonnes of liquid ammonia. The catastrophe developed further into a fire within the nitrophosphate facility and fertilizer storehouses polluting the atmosphere with products of their combustion, such as nitrous oxide and chlorine. The toxic cloud drifted towards Ukmergė, Širvintos and Kėdainiai. The concentration of ammonia surpassed the permissible level by a factor of 150 in Upninkai, at 10 km from the disaster site. One day after the accident, a toxic cloud 7 km wide and 50 km long was recorded between Jonava and Kėdainiai. Seven people died during the fire and leakage of ammonia immediately afterward, 29 people became handicapped, and a large number of people suffered from acute respiratory and cardiac attacks. The true extent of damages and health impact from the event is however unknown. What is known is that exposure to ammonia prenatally, especially at a young age can cause serious brain damage.
Jonava is divided into 13 city regions:
According to the 2021 census, the city population was 27,381 people, of which:[7]
The city has its own "physical culture and sports center" with stadium, swimming pool and indoor arena. It has already been announced that the city is going to build a new large indoor arena "BC Jonava".
Jonava has 2 soccer teams
The marathon runners sport club Maratonas won 4 medals at Vilnius Marathon.[8]
Jonava has a basketball team, founded in 1969; Jonava SK Malsta playing in the National Basketball League (Nacionalinė Krepšinio Lyga). There is also a women's basketball team called BC Jonava which won bronze medals in the women's Second Basketball Division (Nacionalinė moterų krepšinio lyga).
Jonava has a strong women's volleyball team Achema-KKSC that playing in the highest league A Grupė. In 2010 Jonava held the international "Alfredas Ogonauskas Memorial Volleyball Championship".[9]
Jonava also hosts some less regular competitions. During the traditional midsummer holiday there was "Jonas's Republic President Cup" of Rally Slalom events.[10] In summer seasons there are some occasional cycling tournaments or cross country competitions.
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Lithuania.
Děčín, Czech Republic
Jõgeva, Estonia
Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland
Riihimäki, Finland
Smila, Ukraine
Vadul lui Vodă, Moldova
Zugdidi, Georgia