| Jon Hal Folkman | |
| Birth Date: | December 8, 1938 |
| Birth Place: | Ogden, Utah, US[1] |
| Death Place: | Los Angeles, California, US[2] |
| Field: | Combinatorics |
| Work Institution: | RAND Corporation |
| Alma Mater: | Princeton University |
| Doctoral Advisor: | John Milnor |
| Known For: | Folkman graph Shapley–Folkman lemma & theorem Folkman–Lawrence representation Folkman's theorem (memorial) Homology of lattices and matroids |
| Prizes: | Putnam Fellow (1960) |
Jon Hal Folkman (December 8, 1938 – January 23, 1969)[3] was an American mathematician, a student of John Milnor, and a researcher at the RAND Corporation.
Folkman was a Putnam Fellow in 1960.[4] He received his Ph.D. in 1964 from Princeton University, under the supervision of Milnor, with a thesis entitled Equivariant Maps of Spheres into the Classical Groups.[5]
Jon Folkman contributed important theorems in many areas of combinatorics.
In geometric combinatorics, Folkman is known for his pioneering and posthumously-published studies of oriented matroids; in particular, the Folkman–Lawrence topological representation theorem[6] is "one of the cornerstones of the theory of oriented matroids".[7] [8] In lattice theory, Folkman solved an open problem on the foundations of combinatorics by proving a conjecture of Gian–Carlo Rota; in proving Rota's conjecture, Folkman characterized the structure of the homology groups of "geometric lattices" in terms of the free Abelian groups of finite rank.[9] In graph theory, he was the first to study semi-symmetric graphs, and he discovered the semi-symmetric graph with the fewest possible vertices, now known as the Folkman graph.[10] He proved the existence, for every positive h, of a finite Kh + 1-free graph which has a monocolored Kh in every 2-coloring of the edges, settling a problem previously posed by Paul Erdős and András Hajnal.[11] He further proved that if G is a finite graph such that every set S of vertices contains an independent set of size (|S| − k)/2 then the chromatic number of G is at most k + 2.[12]
In convex geometry, Folkman worked with his RAND colleague Lloyd Shapley to prove the Shapley–Folkman lemma and theorem: Their results suggest that sums of sets are approximately convex; in mathematical economics their results are used to explain why economies with many agents have approximate equilibria, despite individual nonconvexities.[13]
In additive combinatorics, Folkman's theorem states that for each assignment of finitely many colors to the positive integers, there exist arbitrarily large sets of integers all of whose nonempty sums have the same color; the name was chosen as a memorial to Folkman by his friends.[14] In Ramsey theory, the Rado–Folkman–Sanders theorem describes "partition regular" sets.
For r > max, let F(p, q; r) denote the minimum number ofvertices in a graph G that has the following properties:
Some results are
In the late 1960s, Folkman suffered from brain cancer; while hospitalized, Folkman was visited repeatedly by Ronald Graham and Paul Erdős. After his brain surgery, Folkman was despairing that he had lost his mathematical skills. As soon as Folkman received Graham and Erdős at the hospital, Erdős challenged Folkman with mathematical problems, helping to rebuild his confidence.
Folkman later purchased a gun and killed himself. Folkman's supervisor at RAND, Delbert Ray Fulkerson, blamed himself for failing to notice suicidal behaviors in Folkman. Several years later Fulkerson also killed himself.[17]
. Günter M. Ziegler. Lectures on Polytopes. Graduate texts in mathematics. 152. Springer-Verlag. 1995. New York. 0-387-94365-X . (paper) .