| Jonê County | |
| Other Name: | Zhuoni, Cone, Chone, Choni |
| Postal Code: | 747600 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Settlement Type: | County |
| Pushpin Map: | Gansu#China |
| Pushpin Label: | Jonê |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of the seat in Gansu |
| Coordinates: | 34.5833°N 133°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Gansu |
| Subdivision Type2: | Autonomous prefecture |
| Subdivision Name2: | Gannan |
| Seat Type: | County seat |
| Seat: | Liulin |
| Area Total Km2: | 5419.68 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Total: | 95387 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Timezone: | China Standard |
| Utc Offset: | +8 |
| Order: | st |
| S: | 卓尼县 |
| T: | 卓尼縣 |
| P: | Zhuōní Xiàn |
| Wylie: | co ne rdzong |
| Zwpy: | Jonê Zong |
Jonê County (also Cone, Chone, Choni; ; local pronunciation: /tɕɔLnɛ/https://www.academia.edu/986596/A_phonological_profile_of_Cone;) is a county in the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, China. Its postal code is 747600. Its area is 4954km2, and its population is over 100,000 people. It is administered from Liulin.[2]
The county covers both banks of the middle section of the Lu-chu. The country town and adjacent Jonê Monastery are on the north bank. The side valleys on the southern side used to be branches of the ancient kingdom of Jonê.[2]
Among Tibetan at Amdo, Jonê exist the Jonê Kingdom ([3]), ruled by the Tibetan Ga clan or Mandarin Chinese Yang (Chinese: {{linktext|杨) clan, was a Tusi chiefdom kingdom called Zhouni Kingdom, Choni Kingdom, or Jonê Kingdom ruled by the Gatsang (dga' tshang) family at Tibet. In 1404, whereupon they informed the Ming Emperor Yongle of this fact and were recognized as local rulers, and were given a seal of authority and the surname Yang (Chinese: {{linktext|杨). The Yangs ruled Jonê from 1404 until 1949.[4] [5]
There are list kings of Jonê Kingdom:[6] [7] [8]
"There are traditions of Tibetan soldiers left behind [after the late 10th century] at several border outposts, such as Jonê, where they established viable settlements, and of the remaining Tibetan conscript troops, called the Wun Mo, carving out considerable territory for themselves until they were perhaps absorbed into that amalgam of people of Tibetan stock, which came to form the Hsi Hsia Kingdom (982—1224)."[9]
Jonê was part of a separate kingdom formed, according to legend, after its invasion by warriors who migrated across the mountains from Sichuan conquering the local tribes in 1404. The contemporary descendants of the Jonê royal line claim that their line is Tibetan, and that their ancestors migrated from central Tibet through Sichuan.
The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360 – August 12, 1424) named one of these invading warriors hereditary chief (tusi) called Zhouni Tusi (Chinese: 卓尼土司), bestowing the family name of "Yang" ("Chinese: {{linktext|杨") and an imperial seal upon his line. The Jonê king (co-ne rgyal-po) established a palace on the north bank of the Tao River. The family holding the Yang seal continued to rule over 48 Tibetan clans in Jonê as an autonomous kingdom from the early 15th century for 23 generations, until 1928, when it was placed under the control of the Lanzhou government.[10] In the late Qing Dynasty and Republican Period, many nomadic regions had considerable de facto independence,[11] despite the claims and perspective of the Chinese rulers.[4]
Among the six monasteries in the county, all of them Tibetan Geluk establishments, is the great Jonê Monastery.[2]
The American botanist Joseph Rock spent almost 2 years in Jonê ("Choni", in his spelling) in 1925–26. He resided in the compound of the local chief (the 19th-generation tusi Yang Jiqing (Chinese: 杨积庆)[12] [13]), making it the base for his exploration of southern Gansu and eastern Qinghai. His account of the culture of this "almost unknown Tibetan principality", as he described it, illustrated with color photographs, was published in the National Geographic.[14] [15] [16]
As of 2012, Jonê was apparently closed to foreign visitors.[14]
Jonê County is divided to 11 towns, 3 townships and 1 ethnic township.[17]
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie | Administrative division code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | ||||||
| Liulin Town (Jangcai) | Chinese: 柳林镇 | 623022100 | ||||
| Maru Town (Mu'er) | Chinese: 木耳镇 | 623022101 | ||||
| Chagkoglung Town (Chakunglung, Zhagulu) | Chinese: 扎古录镇 | 623022102 | ||||
| Karqên Town (Ka'erqin) | Chinese: 喀尔钦镇 | 623022103 | ||||
| Zangbawa Town | Chinese: 藏巴哇镇 | 623022104 | ||||
| Nalung Town (Nalang) | Chinese: 纳浪镇 | 623022105 | ||||
| Taoyan Town (Lawoxi) | Chinese: 洮砚镇 | 623022106 | ||||
| Asigtang Town (Azitang) | Chinese: 阿子滩镇 | 623022107 | ||||
| Xincang Town (Shencang, Shenzang) | Chinese: 申藏镇 | 623022108 | ||||
| Wamar Town (Wanmao) | Chinese: 完冒镇 | 623022109 | ||||
| Nyinba Town (Niba) | Chinese: 尼巴镇 | 623022110 | ||||
| Townships | ||||||
| Dokog Township (Daogao) | Chinese: 刀告乡 | 623022202 | ||||
| Kyagê Township (Qiagai) | Chinese: 恰盖乡 | 623022207 | ||||
| Kangtog Township (Kangduo) | Chinese: 康多乡 | 623022208 | ||||
| Ethnic township | ||||||
| Xowa Tu Ethnic Township (Shaowa) | Chinese: 杓哇土族乡 | 623022209 | ||||