| John Watkins Oliver | |
| Office: | Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri |
| Term Start: | November 3, 1980 |
| Term End: | April 25, 1990 |
| Office1: | Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri |
| Term Start1: | 1977 |
| Term End1: | 1980 |
| Predecessor1: | William H. Becker |
| Successor1: | Elmo Bolton Hunter |
| Office2: | Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri |
| Term Start2: | April 3, 1962 |
| Term End2: | November 3, 1980 |
| Appointer2: | John F. Kennedy |
| Predecessor2: | Randle Jasper Smith |
| Successor2: | D. Brook Bartlett |
| Birth Name: | John Watkins Oliver |
| Birth Date: | 17 December 1914 |
| Birth Place: | Cape Girardeau, Missouri |
| Death Place: | Kansas City, Missouri |
| Education: | University of Missouri (A.B.) University of Missouri School of Law (LL.B.) |
John Watkins Oliver (December 17, 1914 – April 25, 1990) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri.
Born in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, Oliver received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from the University of Missouri in 1933. He received a Bachelor of Laws from University of Missouri School of Law in 1936. He was in private practice of law in Kansas City, Missouri from 1936 to 1962.
Oliver was nominated by President John F. Kennedy on March 5, 1962, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri vacated by Judge Randle Jasper Smith. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 2, 1962, and received his commission on April 3, 1962. He served as Chief Judge from 1977 to 1980. He assumed senior status on November 3, 1980. His service was terminated on April 25, 1990, due to his death in Kansas City.