John Thompson Shepherd Explained
John Thompson Shepherd (21 May 1919, Belfast, Ireland – 4 October 2011, Rochester, Minnesota) was a British-American cardiologist, medical researcher in cardiovascular physiology, and medical school dean.[1] [2] His research on the regulation of the cardiovascular system included "classic studies on reflex control of the circulation, haemodynamic responses to heat stress and exercise, and mechanisms of vasodilation."[3]
Biography
After graduation from Belfast's Campbell College, John T. Shepherd studied medicine at Queen's University Belfast, qualifying M.B. and B.Ch. in 1945 and M.Ch. in 1948.[1] After completing his internship and residency at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast,[3] he became a staff member of the department of the physiology of Queen's University, Belfast. There in 1951 he received the research medical degree of M.D.[1] He was awarded in 1953 a Fulbright Scholarship for one year to do cardiovascular research at the Mayo Clinic. He returned to Belfast in 1954 as a reader in physiology at Queen's University. In the department of physiology he had four close colleagues, namely Archibald David Mant Greenfield (1917–2005), Ian Campbell Roddie (1928–2011), Walter Ernest "Darty" Glover (1932–2017), and Robert Ford "Bob" Whelan (1922–1984), who later became deans of medical schools.[3] In 1956 Shepherd received a D.Sc. from Queen's University Belfast.[1] In 1957 he emigrated with his family to the United States and joined the staff of the Mayo Clinic, where he remained until his retirement in 1989.[3]
From 1966 to 1974 he was a professor and the chair of the department of physiology and biophysics with a joint appointment at the Mayo Medical School (now named the Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine) and the Mayo Graduate School of Medicine.[1]
He helped to train more than 100 research fellows. He was the author or co-author of several books and more than 300 scientific articles.[3]
Shepherd was elected in 1951 a member of The Physiological Society[3] and in 1977 a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.[1] He worked on space physiology with NASA and with scientists from the Soviet Union. From 1965 to 1974 he was the chair of the Committee on Space Medicine of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. From 1975 to 1976 he was the president of the American Heart Association.[1]
Two of his brothers and five among his nephews and nieces became physicians. In 1945 he married Helen Mary Johnston, who died in 1987. They had a daughter, Gillian, and a son, Roger, both of whom became physicians.[1] Upon his death, John T. Shepherd was survived by his second wife, Marion, as well as his daughter and son from his first marriage, and "four step-children, five grandchildren, eight step-grandchildren and a great-grandson."[3]
Selected publications
Articles
- 10.1136/bmj.2.4694.1413. Evaluation of Treatment in Intermittent Claudication. 1950. Shepherd. J. T.. BMJ. 2. 4694. 1413–1418. 14792042. 2039597.
- 13062230. 1953. Duff F. Greenfield AD. Shepherd JT. Thompson ID. A quantitative study of the response to acetylcholine and histamine of the blood vessels of the human hand and forearm. The Journal of Physiology. 120. 1–2. 160–170. 10.1113/jphysiol.1953.sp004883. 1366029.
- 13398935. 1956. Roddie IC. Shepherd JT. Whelan RF. Sympathetic cholinergic fibres producing vasodilatation in forearm skin. The Journal of Physiology. 134. 2. 13P–4P.
- 13429515. 1957. Roddie IC. Shepherd JT. Whelan RF. The contribution of constrictor and dilator nerves to the skin vasodilatation during body heating. The Journal of Physiology. 136. 3. 489–497. 10.1113/jphysiol.1957.sp005775. 1358869.
- 13767236. 1961. Marshall RJ. Schirger A. Shepherd JT. Blood pressure during supine exercise in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Circulation. 24. 76–81. 10.1161/01.cir.24.1.76. 2736125. free.
- 14058123. 1963. Donald DE. Shepherd JT. Response to Exercise in Dogs with Cardiac Denervation. The American Journal of Physiology. 205. 2. 393–400. 10.1152/ajplegacy.1963.205.2.393.
- 10.1172/JCI105317. Circulatory effects of stimulating the carotid arterial stretch receptors in man at rest and during exercise. 1966. Bevegård. B. S.. Shepherd. J. T.. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 45. 1. 132–142. 5901176. 292674.
- 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1967.tb12622.x. The Effect in Humans of Increased Sympathetic Activity on the Blood Flow to Active Muscles. 2009. Strandell. Tore. Shepherd. John T.. Acta Medica Scandinavica. 181. 146–167. 5231558.
- 10.1161/01.RES.22.3.325. Evidence for a Dilator Action of Carbon Dioxide on the Pulmonary Vessels of the Cat. 1968. Viles. Peter H.. Shepherd. John T.. Circulation Research. 22. 3. 325–332. 5639045. 6489125. free.
- 10.1016/0002-9149(69)90402-0. Hemodynamic effects of inhalation of ammonia in man. 1969. Zitnik. Ralph S.. Burchell. Howard B.. Shepherd. John T.. The American Journal of Cardiology. 24. 2. 187–190. 5799080.
- 4685970. 1973. Vanhoutte. P. M.. Shepherd. J. T.. Venous relaxation caused by acetylcholine acting on the sympathetic nerves. Circulation Research. 32. 2. 259–267. 10.1161/01.res.32.2.259. 259992. free.
- 1251904. 1976. Mancia. G.. Shepherd. J. T.. Donald. D. E.. Interplay among carotid sinus, cardiopulmonary, and carotid body reflexes in dogs. The American Journal of Physiology. 230. 1. 19–24. 10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.230.1.19.
- 10.1161/01.RES.40.2.208. Inhibition of sympathetic neurotransmission in canine blood vessels by adenosine and adenine nucleotides. 1977. Verhaeghe. R. H.. Vanhoutte. P. M.. Shepherd. J. T.. Circulation Research. 40. 2. 208–215. 191214. 16215262. free.
- 10.1016/0002-9149(79)90216-9. Cardiac receptors: Normal and disturbed function. 1979. Donald. David E.. Shepherd. John T.. The American Journal of Cardiology. 44. 5. 873–878. 386768.
- 10.1126/science.6574604. Inhibitory Role of the Endothelium in the Response of Isolated Coronary Arteries to Platelets. 1983. Cohen. Richard A.. Shepherd. John T.. Vanhoutte. Paul M.. Science. 221. 4607. 273–274. 6574604. 1983Sci...221..273C.
- 10.1016/S0735-1097(85)80533-7. The heart as a sensory organ. 1985. Shepherd. John T.. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 5. 6. 83B–87B. 2987331. 38160966 . free.
- 10.1016/0022-2828(91)90031-G. Mechanisms of coronary vasospasm: Role of endothelium. 1991. Shepherd. J.. Katusic. Z. S.. Vedernikov. Y.. Vanhoutte. P. M.. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 23. 125–131. 2038073.
- 10.1161/01.CIR.89.1.532. Report of the Task Force on Vascular Medicine. 1994. Shepherd. J. T.. Bergan. J. J.. Cohen. R. A.. Hawiger. J. J.. Hillis. L. D.. Katzen. B. T.. Mohr. J. P.. Circulation. 89. 1. 532–535. 8281694. free.
- Book: 10.1007/978-1-84628-715-2_73. Cardiovascular Regulation: Basic Considerations. Cardiovascular Medicine. 2007. Mancia. Giuseppe. Lüscher. Thomas F.. Shepherd. John T.. Noll. George. Grassi. Guido M.. 1525–1539. 978-1-84628-188-4.
Books
- Book: Shepherd, John T.. Physiology of the circulation in human limbs in health and disease. Philadelphia. W. B. Saunders. 1963.
- Book: Cardiac function in health and disease. Marshall, Robert J.. Shepherd, John T.. Philadelphia. W. B Saunders. 1968.
- Book: Shepherd, John T.. Vanhoutte, Paul M.. Veins and their control. London; Philadelphia. W. B. Saunders. 1975.
- Book: Human cardiovascular system: facts and concepts. Shepherd, John T.. Vanhoutte, Paul M.. New York. Raven Press. 1979. 9780890043677.
- Book: Exercise: regulation and integration of multiple systems. Rowell, Loring G.. Shepherd, John T.. New York. Published for the American Physiological Society by Oxford University Press. 1996.
- Book: Inside the Mayo clinic: a memoir. Shepherd, John T..
- foreword by Walter F. Mondale
. Afton, Minnesota. Afton Historical Society Press. 2003.
References
- Web site: John Thompson Shepherd. Royal College of Physicians of London.
- John T. Shepherd 1919–2011. Physiology News. 85. Winter 2011. 56.
- 3286675. 2011. Joyner. M. J.. John T. Shepherd (1919–2011). The Journal of Physiology. 589. Pt 24. 5927–5928. 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.223792.
External links