| John Taylor | |
| Order: | 51st |
| Office: | Governor of South Carolina |
| Lieutenant: | James Witherspoon |
| Term Start: | December 9, 1826 |
| Term End: | December 10, 1828 |
| Predecessor: | Richard Irvine Manning I |
| Successor: | Stephen Decatur Miller |
| Office2: | Member of the South Carolina Senate from Richland District |
| Term2: | November 23, 1818 - November 27, 1826 |
| Predecessor2: | John Hopkins |
| Successor2: | Wade Hampton III |
| Jr/Sr3: | United States Senator |
| State3: | South Carolina |
| Term Start3: | December 31, 1810 |
| Term End3: | November 1816 |
| Predecessor3: | Thomas Sumter |
| Successor3: | William Smith |
| State4: | South Carolina |
| District4: | 4th |
| Term Start4: | March 4, 1807 |
| Term End4: | December 30, 1810 |
| Predecessor4: | O'Brien Smith |
| Successor4: | William Lowndes |
| Office5: | Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Richland County |
| Term5: | November 28, 1796 - November 22, 1802 |
| Birth Date: | 4 May 1770 |
| Birth Place: | Granby, Province of South Carolina, British America |
| Death Place: | Camden, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Party: | Democratic-Republican |
| Alma Mater: | College of New Jersey |
| Profession: | lawyer, politician |
John Taylor (May 4, 1770April 16, 1832) was the 51st Governor of South Carolina from 1826 to 1828.
He was born May 4, 1770, in Granby in the Province of South Carolina. He attended Mount Zion Institute in Winnsboro, South Carolina, and graduated in 1790 from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) and became a lawyer. He opened his practice in Columbia but also had farming interests.
After school, Taylor served in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1796 to 1802 and again from 1804 to 1805. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1807, and served there until he became a U.S. Senator in 1810 filling the vacancy left by Thomas Sumter. He was elected to serve a full term beginning in 1811. As senator, he was known for his especially persuasive personality. While also serving the senate, he developed the first version of what is now known as the Taylor foundation. This foundation is a gathering of aspiring politicians to come together and talk and help each other. But soon afterwards he left federal service in 1816 and returned to his home state to become a South Carolina state senator from 1818 to 1826.
Taylor was elected to state governor in 1826. He also served as a trustee of South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) and as director of the Columbia Theological Seminary. His term in office was primarily known for rallying the state to oppose federal tariffs. He died in 1832 in Camden, South Carolina.