John S. O'Neill explained

John Stuart O'Neill
Birth Date:2 June 1979
Birth Place:Doncaster, United Kingdom
Thesis Title:The molecular biology of mammalian circadian rhythms
Thesis Url:https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612807
Thesis Year:2007
Field:Chronobiology
Work Institutions:Laboratory of Molecular Biology

John Stuart O’Neill (born 2 June 1979) is a British molecular and circadian biologist. O’Neill is currently a Principal Investigator at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, United Kingdom.[1] His work focuses on the fundamental mechanisms that sustain circadian rhythms in eukaryotic cells.

Academic career

O'Neill studied undergraduate biochemistry at New College, Oxford.[2] He went on to join King's College, Cambridge,[3] where he undertook his PhD research at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, under the supervision of Michael Hastings, on the subject of cAMP signalling in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN).[4]

For his post-doctoral research, O’Neill investigated circadian rhythms in plants and algae with Andrew Millar at the University of Edinburgh and then subsequently in human cells with Akhilesh Reddy at the Institute for Metabolic Science at the University of Cambridge. During this time, O’Neill contributed to a number of papers on non-transcriptional mechanisms of circadian timekeeping,[5] [6] most notably a letter and an article in same edition of Nature showing that transcriptional cycles are not essential for circadian rhythms in human and algal cells,[7] [8] which have been cited over 700 and 400 times respectively, according to Google Scholar.[9] These observations were subsequently independently replicated [10] [11] [12] and extended[13] [14] [15] but were considered controversial at the time since transcriptional feedback repression had been thought essential for circadian rhythms in eukaryotes.[16] [17]

O'Neill was awarded a Wellcome Trust Career Development Fellowship in 2011 and in 2013 was recruited to become an independent group leader in the Cell Biology Division of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. In 2016, he was awarded an EMBO Young Investigator Prize. In collaboration with Cairn Research, O'Neill pioneered the development of the ALLIGATOR for long-term bioluminescence imaging.[18]

Current Research

The O'Neill group’s research is focused on the evolution and mechanisms of circadian timekeeping in eukaryotic cells,[19] [20] [21] and how biological clocks regulate cellular function to impact upon human health and disease.[22] [23] In a 2019 paper, published in the journal Cell, the group identified insulin as a primary signal synchronizing mammalian circadian rhythms with feeding time.[24] In 2017, the lab also demonstrated that cell-autonomous circadian regulation of actin dynamics in fibroblast and other skin cells leads to differences in cell migration during wound healing that depend on the biological time of day that the wound was incurred. These findings predicted the striking 40% difference in the number of days that human burn injuries required to heal which they subsequently identified. Most recently, the O'Neill lab has been working to determine the basis for understanding metabolic oscillations in yeast.[25]

Notes and References

  1. https://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/group-leaders/n-to-s/john-oneill/ Laboratory Website
  2. Web site: Dr John O'Neill . . 18 March 2019.
  3. University of Cambridge . Acta: Congregation of the Regent House on 21 July 2007 . . 25 July 2007 . 137 . 36 . 18 March 2019. University of Cambridge .
  4. 10.1126/science.1152506 . 18487196 . 2735813 . CAMP-Dependent Signaling as a Core Component of the Mammalian Circadian Pacemaker . Science . 320 . 5878 . 949–53 . 2008 . O'Neill . J. S . Maywood . E. S . Chesham . J. E . Takahashi . J. S . Hastings . M. H .
  5. 10.1016/j.cub.2008.07.021 . 18786386 . Cellular Circadian Pacemaking and the Role of Cytosolic Rhythms . Current Biology . 18 . 17 . R805–R815 . 2008 . Hastings . Michael H . Maywood . Elizabeth S . O'Neill . John S . 10321560 . free .
  6. Book: 10.1007/978-3-642-25950-0_4 . 23604476 . Cellular Mechanisms of Circadian Pacemaking: Beyond Transcriptional Loops . Circadian Clocks . 217 . 217 . 67–103 . Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology . 2013 . o'Neill . John S . Maywood . Elizabeth S . Hastings . Michael H . 978-3-642-25949-4 .
  7. O'Neill. John S. Reddy. Akhilesh B. 2011. Circadian clocks in human red blood cells. Nature. 469. 7331. 498–503. 10.1038/nature09702. 3040566. 21270888.
  8. O'Neill. John S. Van Ooijen. Gerben. Dixon. Laura E. Troein. Carl. Corellou. Florence. Bouget. François-Yves. Reddy. Akhilesh B. Millar. Andrew J. 2011. Circadian rhythms persist without transcription in a eukaryote. Nature. 469. 7331. 554–8. 10.1038/nature09654. 3040569. 21270895.
  9. Web site: Google Scholar. scholar.google.com. 25 April 2018.
  10. 10.1073/pnas.1401100111 . 25092340 . 4142998 . Circadian rhythm of hyperoxidized peroxiredoxin II is determined by hemoglobin autoxidation and the 20S proteasome in red blood cells . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 111 . 33 . 12043–8 . 2014 . Cho . C.-S . Yoon . H. J . Kim . J. Y . Woo . H. A . Rhee . S. G . free .
  11. 10.1016/j.margen.2014.01.004 . 24512973 . Transcriptional versus non-transcriptional clocks: A case study in Ostreococcus . Marine Genomics . 14 . 17–22 . 2014 . Bouget . François-Yves . Lefranc . Marc . Thommen . Quentin . Pfeuty . Benjamin . Lozano . Jean-Claude . Schatt . Philippe . Botebol . Hugo . Vergé . Valérie .
  12. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.055 . 26079888 . SOD1 deficiency induces the systemic hyperoxidation of peroxiredoxin in the mouse . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 463 . 4 . 1040–6 . 2015 . Homma . Takujiro . Okano . Satoshi . Lee . Jaeyong . Ito . Junitsu . Otsuki . Noriyuki . Kurahashi . Toshihiro . Kang . Eun Sil . Nakajima . Osamu . Fujii . Junichi .
  13. 10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.060 . 21530263 . 3102177 . Proteasome Function is Required for Biological Timing throughout the Twenty-Four Hour Cycle . Current Biology . 21 . 10 . 869–75 . 2011 . Van Ooijen . Gerben . Dixon . Laura E . Troein . Carl . Millar . Andrew J .
  14. 10.1038/s41467-017-02161-4 . 29215003 . 5719349 . Rhythmic potassium transport regulates the circadian clock in human red blood cells . Nature Communications . 8 . 1 . 1978 . 2017 . Henslee . Erin A . Crosby . Priya . Kitcatt . Stephen J . Parry . Jack S. W . Bernardini . Andrea . Abdallat . Rula G . Braun . Gabriella . Fatoyinbo . Henry O . Harrison . Esther J . Edgar . Rachel S . Hoettges . Kai F . Reddy . Akhilesh B . Jabr . Rita I . von Schantz . Malcolm . O'Neill . John S . Labeed . Fatima H .
  15. 10.1126/science.1257277 . 25635104 . 4432837 . Decoupling circadian clock protein turnover from circadian period determination . Science . 347 . 6221 . 1257277 . 2015 . Larrondo . L. F . Olivares-Yanez . C . Baker . C. L . Loros . J. J . Dunlap . J. C .
  16. 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000062 . 19296723 . 2656552 . The Implications of Multiple Circadian Clock Origins . PLOS Biology . 7 . 3 . e62 . 2009 . Rosbash . Michael . free .
  17. 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80566-8 . 9988221 . Molecular Bases for Circadian Clocks . Cell . 96 . 2 . 271–90 . 1999 . Dunlap . Jay C . 14991100 . free .
  18. 10.3791/56623 . 29286421 . Flexible Measurement of Bioluminescent Reporters Using an Automated Longitudinal Luciferase Imaging Gas- and Temperature-optimized Recorder (ALLIGATOR) . Journal of Visualized Experiments . 130 . 2017 . Crosby . Priya . Hoyle . Nathaniel P . O'Neill . John S . 5755584 .
  19. 10.1016/j.cub.2015.02.035 . 25866393 . 4406945 . Metabolic Cycles in Yeast Share Features Conserved among Circadian Rhythms . Current Biology . 25 . 8 . 1056–62 . 2015 . Causton . Helen C . Feeney . Kevin A . Ziegler . Christine A . O'Neill . John S .
  20. 10.1038/nature17407 . 27074515 . 4886825 . Daily magnesium fluxes regulate cellular timekeeping and energy balance . Nature . 532 . 7599 . 375–9 . 2016 . Feeney . Kevin A . Hansen . Louise L . Putker . Marrit . Olivares-Yañez . Consuelo . Day . Jason . Eades . Lorna J . Larrondo . Luis F . Hoyle . Nathaniel P . O'Neill . John S . Van Ooijen . Gerben .
  21. 10.1089/ars.2016.6911 . 28506121 . 5806070 . Mammalian Circadian Period, but Not Phase and Amplitude, is Robust Against Redox and Metabolic Perturbations . Antioxidants & Redox Signaling . 28 . 7 . 507–520 . 2018 . Putker . Marrit . Crosby . Priya . Feeney . Kevin A . Hoyle . Nathaniel P . Costa . Ana S.H . Gaude . Edoardo . Frezza . Christian . O'Neill . John S .
  22. 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac5125 . 26378246 . 4657156 . Effects of caffeine on the human circadian clock in vivo and in vitro . Science Translational Medicine . 7 . 305 . 305ra146 . 2015 . Burke . Tina M . Markwald . Rachel R . McHill . Andrew W . Chinoy . Evan D . Snider . Jesse A . Bessman . Sara C . Jung . Christopher M . O'Neill . John S . Wright . Kenneth P .
  23. 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal2774 . 29118260 . 5837001 . Circadian actin dynamics drive rhythmic fibroblast mobilization during wound healing . Science Translational Medicine . 9 . 415 . eaal2774 . 2017 . Hoyle . Nathaniel P . Seinkmane . Estere . Putker . Marrit . Feeney . Kevin A . Krogager . Toke P . Chesham . Johanna E . Bray . Liam K . Thomas . Justyn M . Dunn . Ken . Blaikley . John . O'Neill . John S .
  24. Crosby. Priya. Hamnett. Ryan. Putker. Marrit. Hoyle. Nathaniel P.. Reed. Martin. Karam. Carolyn J.. Maywood. Elizabeth S.. Stangherlin. Alessandra. Chesham. Johanna E.. April 2019. Insulin/IGF-1 Drives PERIOD Synthesis to Entrain Circadian Rhythms with Feeding Time. Cell. 177. 4. 896–909.e20. 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.017. 31030999. 6506277.
  25. O’ Neill. John S.. Hoyle. Nathaniel P.. Robertson. J. Brian. Edgar. Rachel S.. Beale. Andrew D.. Peak-Chew. Sew Y.. Day. Jason. Costa. Ana S. H.. Frezza. Christian. Causton. Helen C.. 2020-09-17. Eukaryotic cell biology is temporally coordinated to support the energetic demands of protein homeostasis. Nature Communications. en. 11. 1. 4706. 10.1038/s41467-020-18330-x. 2041-1723. 7499178. 32943618.

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