John Maron Explained

Honorific Prefix:Saint
John Maron
Birth Date:628
Death Date:707
Feast Day:March 2
Venerated In:Catholicismesp. Maronite Church
Birth Place:Sirmaniyah or Sarmin, present Syria
Death Place:Kfarhy, near Batroun, Lebanon
Titles:Maronite Patriarch of Antioch
Canonized Date:Pre-congregation

John Maron (Arabic: يوحنا مارون, Youhana Maroun; Latin: Ioannes Maronus; Classical Syriac: ܝܘܚܢܢ ܡܪܘܢ|label=[[Syriac language|Syriac]]; 628, Sirmaniyah or Sarmin, present Syria – 707, Kfarhy, Lebanon), was a Syriac monk from what is now modern Syria. and the first Maronite Patriarch. He is revered as a saint by the Catholic Church, especially the Maronite Church, and is commemorated on March 2. He died and was buried in Kfarhy near Batroun, in Lebanon, where a shrine is dedicated to him.[1]

Jérôme Labourt, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia says that John Maron's "very existence is extremely doubtful... if he existed at all, it was as a simple monk".[2] French theologian Eusèbe Renaudot similarly held doubts regarding John Maron's existence.[2] Other scholarship has assessed John Maron as having existed and served as Maronite Patriarch when invasions by Byzantine emperor Justinian II were repulsed and the Maronite people gained a greater degree of political independence.[3]

Early life

See main article: 7th century in Lebanon. Maronite history prior to the sixteenth century is problematic as so many points are obscure.[2] According to Maronite sources, John was born in Sarum, a town located south of the city of Antioch.[4] He was the son of Agathon and Anohamia. He was called John the Sarumite since his father was governor of Sarum. His paternal grandfather, Prince Alidipas, was the nephew of Carloman, a Frankish Prince, and governed Antioch. John was educated in Antioch and the Monastery of Saint Maron, studying mathematics, sciences, philosophy, theology, philology and scripture. He became a monk at the monastery, adding the name Maron to his own.

John studied Greek and patrology in Constantinople.[4] Returning to Saint Maron's, he wrote on such diverse topics as teaching, rhetoric, the sacraments, management of Church property, legislative techniques, and liturgy. He composed the Eucharistic Prayer which still bears his name. As a young priest he engaged himself in ecumenical debates with the Monophysites. Noted as a teacher and preacher, he explained the doctrine of the Council of Chalcedon (which focused on the nature of Jesus as both God and human), wrote a series of letters to the faithful against Monophysitism which Beit-Marun then adopted, after which he purportedly travelled Syria to explain the heresy.

The first Maronite Patriarch

See main article: 8th century in Lebanon. The Patriarch of Antioch, Anastasius II was martyred in 609. With the ongoing Byzantine–Sasanian War and general unrest in the area, Constantinople began to appoint a series of titular patriarchs.[5] Maronite sources give the date of John Maron's election to Patriarch of Antioch and All the East as 685.[5] John received the approval of Pope Sergius I, and became the first Maronite Patriarch.

Works

John Maron works are in Syriac:

See also

Sources

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Gibbon . Edward . The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire . 1898 . Methuen . en.
  2. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09683c.htm Labourt, Jérôme. "Maronites." The Catholic Encyclopedia
  3. Encyclopedia: Maronite church. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2 November 2021.
  4. http://stjohnmaron.org/history/life-of-st-john-maron/ "Life of St. John Maron", St John Maron Catholic Church Maronite Rite
  5. https://books.google.com/books?id=te2Jg-RTi4YC&dq=John+Maron&pg=PA416 El-Hāyek, Elias. "Struggle for Survival: The Maronites of the Middle Ages", Conversion and Continuity, (Michael Gervers and Ramzi Jibran Bikhazi, eds.), Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1990