John Graham Nicholls Explained

John Graham Nicholls
Birth Date:1929 12, df=yes
Birth Place:London, England
Death Place:Trieste, Italy
Nationality:British, American, Swiss
Field:Physiology, Neuroscience
Work Institutions:University College London, Charing Cross Hospital, University of Oxford, Harvard University, Yale University, Stanford University, Biozentrum University of Basel, International School for Advanced Studies
Alma Mater:King's College London
Charing Cross Hospital
University College London

John Graham Nicholls FRS (19 December 1929 – 13 July 2023) was a British, American and Swiss physiologist and neuroscientist.

Life

Nicholls was a professor emeritus of physiology. He was educated at Berkhamsted School and King's College London.[1] He received his MD from Charing Cross Hospital and a PhD from the Department of Biophysics at University College London in 1955. He worked at University College London, and the universities of Oxford, Harvard, Yale, and Stanford. In 1983 he became professor of pharmacology at the Biozentrum University of Basel. After reaching emeritus status in 1998, he was professor of neurobiology at the International School for Advanced Studies in Trieste, Italy, where he lived until his death. The International Brain Research Organization named a fellowship in his honor and he was a Fellow of the Royal Society.

Nicholls died on 13 July 2023, at the age of 93.[2] [3] [4] [5] Some of the many students and postdoctoral fellows he trained are listed on his Neurotree page.[6]

Work

Nicholls was best known for his research in the field of neurobiology. In invertebrate and mammalian nervous systems he studied synaptic transmission[7] as well as the problem of why neurons in the mammalian brain and spinal cord fail to regenerate after injury, in contrast to the precise regeneration of synaptic connections that he was the first to demonstrate using the leech.[8] [9] For his studies he developed a new type of mammalian central nervous system (CNS) preparation that allowed the investigation of mechanisms involved in neurite outgrowth and CNS regeneration.[10] [11] In later years he started to study how the rhythm of respiration is generated by the nervous system.[12] Additionally, he authored the book From Neuron to Brain,[13] through its fifth edition and wrote an introduction for the sixth.

Awards & honors

Books

External links

Notes and References

  1. ‘NICHOLLS, Prof. John Graham’, Who's Who 2016, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2016
  2. Web site: Obituary for Prof. John G. Nicholls. Biozentrum.unibas.ch . 20 July 2023 . 20 July 2023.
  3. Web site: Dr. John Graham Nicholls, FRS . SfN.org . 22 January 2024 . 22 January 2024.
  4. Web site: Obituary for Professor John G Nicholls . IBRO.org . 17 August 2023 . 22 January 2024.
  5. Web site: Obituary: John Nicholls (1929-2023) . The Physiological Society . December 2023 . 17 April 2024.
  6. Web site: John G Nicholls . Neurotree.org . 23 January 2024 . 23 January 2024.
  7. 4342522 . 225 . 3 . 637–56 . A comparison of chemical and electrical synaptic transmission between single sensory cells and a motoneurone in the central nervous system of the leech . 1 September 1972 . J Physiol . 10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009961 . Nicholls . John G. . Purves . D. . 1331135 . 32192574 .
  8. 4501577 . 69 . 3 . 636–639 . Regeneration and changes in synaptic connections between individual nerve cells in the central nervous system of the leech . March 1972 . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 10.1073/pnas.69.3.636 . Jansen . J. K. S. . Nicholls . J. G. . free . 426524 . 1972PNAS...69..636J .
  9. 6124633 . 323 . 195–210 . Chemical transmission between individual retzius and sensory neurons of the leech in culture . 1 February 1982 . J Physiol . 10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014068 . Fuchs . P. A. . Henderson . L. P. . Nicholls . John G.. 1250352 . 44874264 .
  10. 8833112 . 366 . 4 . 600–12 . Neurite outgrowth through lesions of neonatal opossum spinal cord in culture . 1 March 1996 . J Comp Neurol . 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960318)366:4<600::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-8 . Varga . Z.M. . Fernandez . J. . Blackshaw . S. . Martin . A. R. . Muller . K. J. . Adams . W. B. . Nicholls . J. G. . 22919657.
  11. 12084566 . 117 . 1 . 73–9 . Axotomy of single fluorescent nerve fibers in developing mammalian spinal cord by photoconversion of diaminobenzidine . 30 May 2002 . J Neurosci Methods . 10.1016/s0165-0270(02)00078-x . De-Miguel . Francisco F. . Muller . Kenneth J. . Adams . William B. . Nicholls . John G. . 34628467.
  12. 19651650 . 364 . 1529 . 2485–91 . Optical analysis of circuitry for respiratory rhythm in isolated brainstem of foetal mice . 12 September 2009 . Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci . 10.1098/rstb.2009.0070 . Muller . Kenneth J . Tsechpenakis . Gavriil . Homma . Ryota . Nicholls . John G . Cohen . Lawrence B . Eugenin . Jaime . 2865113 .
  13. Book: Nicholls, John G. . From Neuron to Brain . 29 February 2012 . Sinauer Associates, Inc. . 621 . 978-0878936090 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141016194447/http://www.sinauer.com/from-neuron-to-brain.html . 16 October 2014 . dead .
  14. https://royalsociety.org/~/media/Royal_Society_Content/about-us/fellowship/Fellows1660-2007.pdf Royal Society
  15. Web site: NEW! THE JOHN G. NICHOLLS IBRO FELLOWSHIP. International Brain Research Organization. 29 September 2003. 24 June 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160124084227/http://www.koki.hu/ibro-ceer/grants/fellowship_nichollis.html. 24 January 2016.
  16. http://www-amm.units.it/rstampa.nsf/a/58841B704C23B0F6C12572EB003B950E/$FILE/honoris.pdf University of Trieste
  17. Web site: Award for Education in Neuroscience Presented to John Nicholls . . 14 November 2010 . 24 June 2014.
  18. Web site: The John G. Nicholls Endowed Lectureship in Neural Systems and Behavior: "Growth Factors and Memory Formation" . . 18 July 2012 . 24 June 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131004092406/http://www.mbl.edu/events/the-john-g-nicholls-endowed-lectureship-in-neural-systems-and-behavior-growth-factors-and-memory-formation/ . 4 October 2013 .

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