John Galen Howard Explained

John Galen Howard
Birth Date:	8 May 1864
Birth Place:	Chelmsford, Massachusetts
Death Place:	San Francisco, California
Alma Mater:	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Practice:	Howard & Cauldwell (1893-99); Howard, Cauldwell & Morgan (1899-1901); John Galen Howard (1902-06 and 1908-23); Howard & Galloway (1906-08); John Galen Howard & Associates (1923-27)
Significant Projects:	University of California, Berkeley, School of Architecture
Awards:	Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (1901)
Children:	6, including Robert Boardman Howard, John Langley Howard

John Galen Howard (May 8, 1864 – July 18, 1931) was an American architect and educator who began his career in New York before moving to California. He was the principal architect at several firms in both states and employed Julia Morgan early in her architectural career.

Life and career

John Galen Howard born May 8, 1864, in Chelmsford, Massachusetts. Howard was son of physician, Dr. Levi Howard and Lydia Jane Hapgood, a homemaker and he had four brothers.^[1] Howard was educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1882 to 1885) and the École des Beaux-Arts (1891 to 1893). He worked for H. H. Richardson in Brookline, for his successors Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge in Boston and for McKim, Mead & White in New York City.

Howard began professional practice in 1893, when he formed the firm of Howard & Cauldwell with engineer Samuel M. Cauldwell. In 1899 they were joined by Lewis Henry Morgan, and the firm became known as Howard, Cauldwell & Morgan. Works in the east included the Electric Tower, the centerpiece of the 1901 Pan-American Exposition.^[2] They also submitted an unsuccessful entry in the competition to design the Master Plan for the University of California, Berkeley. Despite not winning the commission outright, in 1901 Howard dissolved his partnership when he was chosen by the Regents of the university to execute the accepted plan, known as the Hearst Plan.^[3] In 1902 he reestablished his practice at Berkeley, and in 1903 formally established the School of Architecture, now part of the College of Environmental Design. As supervising architect of the University of California, Howard built extensively. His most famous buildings are the Campanile, California Memorial Stadium, Sather Gate and the Hearst Greek Theatre.

In 1904 Howard relocated his office to San Francisco, and after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake formed the firm of Howard & Galloway with engineer John D. Galloway.^[4] This partnership was dissolved in 1908. After fifteen more years of private practice he formed the firm of John Galen Howard & Associates, with associates Henry Temple Howard, E. Geoffrey Bangs, Henry C. Collins and Charles F. B. Roeth. Howard's projects during these years include several buildings at the Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition in Seattle, three of which were designed to be reused by the University of Washington, and the San Francisco Civic Auditorium.^[5] Howard's influence at the university began to wane after the retirement of president Benjamin Ide Wheeler in 1919, and he was seen as uncooperative by the Board of Regents. In 1922 the commission for the new Hearst Memorial Gymnasium was awarded to Julia Morgan and Bernard Maybeck without his input, and in 1924 his contract as supervising architect was not renewed. In 1927 he resigned as director of the School of Architecture and retired from his architecture practice, though he continued to teach at the university until his death in 1931.^{[6] [7]}

Personal

He married Mary Robertson Bradbury on August 1, 1893. They had five children; Henry Temple Howard (1894–1967) was an architect who worked with his father; Robert Boardman Howard (1896–1983), became a sculptor and married another noted Bay Area sculptor, Adaline Kent (1900–1957); other children included Charles Houghton Howard (1899–1978), John Langley Howard (1902–1999) both were known artists of the time, and Jeanette Howard Wallace (1905–1998).

Legacy

Howard's primary legacy is as the founder of the formal School of Architecture at the University of California, Berkeley, and as a designer of buildings on the university campus. He is also noted as the first American employer of Julia Morgan from 1902 to 1904, though she did not look on her experience with him fondly.^[8]

Howard completed many notable projects and was elected a Fellow in the American Institute of Architects in 1901.^[9] In 1910 he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate Academician.

Many of Howard's works are listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

Works

Buildings for the University of California, Berkeley

• Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1902–07, NRHP 1982)
• Hearst Greek Theatre, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1903, NRHP 1982)
• Senior Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1903–06, NRHP 1982)
• Doe Memorial Library, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1904–11, NRHP 1982)
• California Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1905, NRHP 1982)
• North Gate Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1906, NRHP 1982)
• Sather Gate, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1910, NRHP 1982)
• Durant Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1911, NRHP 1982)
• Wellman Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1912, NRHP 1982)
• Drawing Building, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1914, NRHP 1976)
• Sather Tower, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1914–15, NRHP 1982)
• Gilman Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1916–17)
• Hilgard Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1917, NRHP 1982)
• Wheeler Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1917, NRHP 1982)
• Dwinelle Hall Annex, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1920)
• California Memorial Stadium, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1922–23, NRHP 2006, rebuilt 2010–12)
• Haviland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1924, NRHP 1982)
• LeConte Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California (1924, NRHP 1982)

Buildings elsewhere

• Hotel Renaissance annex, Fifth Ave and W 43rd St, New York City (1896, demolished)^[10]
• Barringer High School (former), 90 Parker St, Newark, New Jersey (1898–99, demolished)
• Cutler Majestic Theatre, 219 Tremont St, Boston, Massachusetts (1901–03)^[11]
• Electric Tower, Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, New York (1901, temporary structure)
• Carnegie Library (former), 73 Church St, Montclair, New Jersey (1902–04, NRHP 1988)
• Cloyne Court Hotel, 2600 Ridge Rd, Berkeley, California (1904, NRHP 1982)
• Berkeley Public Library, 2090 Kittredge St, Berkeley, California (1905, demolished 1929)
• House for Adolph C. Miller, 2420 Ridge Rd, Berkeley, California (1906)
• Auditorium (later Meany Hall), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (1907–09, demolished 1965)^[12]
• Chemistry Hall (now Architecture Hall), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (1907–09)
• Engineering Hall, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (1907–09, demolished)
• Italian American Bank Building, 460 Montgomery St, San Francisco, California (1907, modified)
• Empire Building, 37 Old Courthouse Sq, Santa Rosa, California (1908–10)^[13]
• Adam Grant Building, 114 Sansome St, San Francisco, California (1908)
• United States Government Building and exhibition halls, Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition, Seattle, Washington (1908–09, temporary structures)
• John Galen Howard House (also known as the Gregory/Howard House), 1401 Le Roy Ave along Rose Walk, Berkeley, California (1912); a Berkeley Landmark;^[14]
• Pierce-Arrow Building, 1001 Polk St, San Francisco, California (1912-13)^[15]
• San Francisco Civic Auditorium, 99 Grove St, San Francisco, California (1913–15)
• Berkeley National Bank Building, Center St and Shattuck Ave, Berkeley, California (1914, demolished)
• First Congregational Church, 2501 Harris St, Berkeley, California (1923–25)

See also

• Draper, Joan, “The Ecole des Beaux-Arts and the Architectural Profession in the United States: The Case of John Galen Howard,” in The Architect: Chapters in the History of the Profession, Spiro Kostof, ed., Oxford University Press, NY 1977, pages 209-237
• Draper, Joan, “John Galen Howard,” in Toward a Simpler Way of Life: The Arts & Crafts Architects of California, Rober Winter, ed., Norfleet Press of University of California Press, Berkeley Los Angeles London 1997, pages 31–40
• Partridge, Loren W. John Galen Howard and the Berkeley Campus: Beaux-Arts Architecture in the “Athens of the West”, Berkeley Architectural Heritage, Berkeley CA 1988

External links

• John Galen Howard
• John Galen Howard's "City of Learning"
• Guide to the John Galen Howard Papers at The Bancroft Library

Notes and References

1. Web site: Michelson. Alan. John Galen Howard. November 24, 2020. Pacific Coast Architecture Database (PCAD).
2. Book: Official catalogue of Pan-American exposition. Ahrhart, Charles. Apr 15, 1901. 7. 2011-08-06.
3. "Personal Notes" in Engineering Record 43, no. 4 (January 26, 1901): 90.
4. "Personals" in Engineering News 55, no. 24 (June 14, 1906): 668.
5. John Galen Howard" in California and Californians 3, ed. Rockwell D. Hunt (Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1926): 398-399.
6. Sally B. Woodbridge, Nomination of Seventeen Properties on the University of California, Barkeley Campus to the National Register of Historic Places (1978)
7. Sally B. Woodbridge, John Galen Howard and the University of California (University of California Press, 2002)
8. Mark Anthony Wilson, Julia Morgan: Architect of Beauty (Layton: Gibbs Smith, 2007)
9. Web site: John Galen Howard (1864-1931) . University at Buffalo . June 11, 2004 . November 6, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130316154547/http://library.buffalo.edu/exhibits/panam/art/architecture.html . March 16, 2013 . dead .
10. A History of Real Estate, Building and Architecture in New York City During the Last Quarter Century (New York: Real Estate Record Association, 1898)
11. https://mhc-macris.net/#!/details?mhcid=BOS.2311 Historic Building Detail: BOS.2311
12. "Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition in 1909" in American Architect and Building News 95, no. 1716 (November 11, 1908): 153-154.
13. Jeff Elliott, "The Empire Building and the Clock Tower", Santa Rosa History, July 31, 2011.
14. Book: Cerny, Susan Dinkelspiel . An Architectural Guidebook to San Francisco and the Bay Area . 2007 . Gibbs Smith . 978-1-58685-432-4 . 316 . en.
15. William C. Hays . Jones . Frederick . Some Architectural Works of John Galen Howard . The Architect & Engineer of California and the Pacific Coast States . January 1915 . 40 . 1 . 64, 80 . 23 July 2019 . San Francisco.