John Eliot Gardiner Explained

Honorific Prefix:Sir
John Eliot Gardiner
Birth Date:1943 4, df=yes
Occupation:Conductor of classical music
Years Active:1964–Present
Spouse:
    Children:Three
    Father:Rolf Gardiner
    Relatives:Alan Gardiner (grandfather)
    Margaret Gardiner (aunt)
    Martin Bernal (cousin)
    Howard Hodgkin (cousin)

    Sir John Eliot Gardiner (born 20 April 1943)[1] is an English conductor, particularly known for his performances of the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, especially the Bach Cantata Pilgrimage of 2000, performing Bach's church cantatas in liturgical order in churches all over Europe, and New York City, with the Monteverdi Choir, and recording them at the locations.

    Life and career

    Born in Fontmell Magna, Dorset, son of Rolf Gardiner and Marabel Hodgkin, Gardiner's early musical experience came largely through singing with his family and in a local church choir. As a child he grew up with the celebrated Haussmann portrait of J. S. Bach, which had been lent to his parents for safe keeping during the Second World War.[2] A self-taught musician who also played the violin, he began to study conducting at the age of 15. He was educated at Bryanston School, then studied history at King's College, Cambridge, where his tutor was the social anthropologist Edmund Leach.[3] [4]

    While an undergraduate at Cambridge he launched his conducting career with a performance of Monteverdi's Vespro della Beata Vergine in King's College Chapel on 5 March 1964.[5] This either featured or led to the foundation of the Monteverdi Choir, with which he made his London conducting debut at the Wigmore Hall in 1966. Whilst at Cambridge, he conducted the Oxford and Cambridge Singers on a concert tour of the Middle East. After graduating in history, Gardiner continued his musical studies at King's College London under Thurston Dart and in Paris with Nadia Boulanger, whose music had been a very early influence.[6]

    Returning to England, Gardiner joined the BBC Northern Orchestra as an apprentice conductor.[6] In 1968 he founded the Monteverdi Orchestra. Upon changing from modern instruments to period instruments in 1977, the orchestra changed its name to the English Baroque Soloists in 1978.[7] [8] In 1969 Gardiner made his opera debut with a performance of Mozart's The Magic Flute at the English National Opera. Four years later, in 1973, he made his first appearance at the Covent Garden conducting Gluck's Iphigénie en Tauride. The English Baroque Soloists made their opera debut with him in the 1977 Innsbruck Festival of Early Music, performing Handel's Acis and Galatea on period instruments. His American debut came in 1979 when he conducted the Dallas Symphony Orchestra. He then became the lead conductor of Canada's CBC Vancouver Orchestra from 1980 to 1983.

    After his period with the CBC Vancouver Orchestra, Gardiner went to France. From 1983 to 1988 he was Music Director of the Opéra National de Lyon. During his period with the Opéra he founded an entirely new orchestra. During his time with the Opéra National de Lyon Gardiner was also Artistic Director of the Göttingen Handel Festival (1981 until 1990). In 1989 the Monteverdi Choir had its 25th anniversary, touring the world giving performances of Handel's oratorio Israel in Egypt and Bach's Magnificat among other works. In 1990, Gardiner formed a new period-instrument orchestra, the Orchestre Révolutionnaire et Romantique, to perform music of the 19th century. From 1991 until 1995 he was principal conductor of the North German Radio Symphony Orchestra.

    He founded the Monteverdi Choir (1964), the English Baroque Soloists (1978) and the Orchestre Révolutionnaire et Romantique (1989). From the 1990s onwards he undertook more world tours with his ensembles, including:

    Gardiner has recorded over 250 albums, most of which have been published by Deutsche Grammophon and Philips Classics, and by the Soli Deo Gloria label, which specialises in recordings by Gardiner and by his ensembles.

    Gardiner is most famous for his interpretations of Baroque music on period instruments with the Monteverdi Choir and the English Baroque Soloists, but his repertoire and discography are not limited to early music. With the Orchestre Révolutionnaire et Romantique Gardiner has performed a wide range of Classical and Romantic music, including many works of Berlioz and all of Beethoven's symphonies. A recording of the third symphony of the latter was used in a dramatisation by the BBC of Beethoven's writing of that symphony.[9] Gardiner has served as chief conductor of the North German Radio Symphony Orchestra and has appeared as guest conductor with such major orchestras as the Berlin Philharmonic, Boston Symphony Orchestra, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Cleveland Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, Philharmonia, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra and Vienna Philharmonic. Gardiner is also well known for his refusal to perform the music of Richard Wagner; in a 2008 interview for Gramophone Gardiner said, 'I really loathe Wagner – everything he stands for – and I don't even like his music very much.'[10] Gardiner has been the subject of various allegations of rudeness and bullying of performers and colleagues.[11] [12] [13]

    In late 2012, citing health concerns, he cancelled his planned December 2013 tour of Australia with the Monteverdi Choir and the Australian Chamber Orchestra.[14] In 2013, Gardiner published the book Bach: Music in the Castle of Heaven.[15] In 2014 he started a five-year term as President of the Leipzig Bach Archive, being succeeded by Ton Koopman in that position in 2019.[16] [17] One of the realizations during Gardiner's presidency was the Archive's collaboration to the Bach 333 box set with the complete recordings of Johann Sebastian Bach's works, released in 2018.[18]

    Gardiner conducted his Monteverdi Choir and English Baroque Soloists in a pre-service concert at Westminster Abbey for the Coronation of King Charles III.

    In August 2023, Gardiner was reported to have angrily slapped and punched English bass singer William Thomas in the face in front of cast members after Thomas exited the wrong side of the podium after a performance of Les Troyens at the Berlioz Festival in La Côte Saint André. The incident resulted in a public backlash against the conductor.[19] [20] On 24 August 2023, Gardiner withdrew from all further engagements[21] [22] [23] [24] for 'a period of reflection and, in consultation with his medical advisors ... focusing on his mental health while engaging in a course of counselling'.[25] In July 2024 it was announced that he would be stepping down as leader and artistic director of the Monteverdi Choir and Orchestras, focusing instead on 'other activities including guest conducting, recording, writing, creative and education projects'.[26]

    Honours and awards

    Gardiner has received a variety of honours and awards, including:

    Personal life

    Gardiner is the son of the British rural revivalist Rolf Gardiner (1902–1971), and the grandson of the Egyptologist Alan Gardiner (1879–1963). His mother, Marabel Hodgkin, was a member of the Hodgkin family, a notable Quaker family; the artist Sir Howard Hodgkin (1932–2017) was Gardiner's first cousin.[35]

    Gardiner was married to violinist Elizabeth Wilcock from 1981 to 1997; they have three daughters. From 2001 to 2019 he was married to Isabella de Sabata,[36] granddaughter of conductor Victor de Sabata.

    In his spare time, Gardiner runs a farm at Springhead near Fontmell Magna[37] in North Dorset, which was established by his great-uncle, composer Henry Balfour Gardiner. His continued involvement in this project has earned him the nickname 'Uphill Gardiner' as a consequence of his unorthodox farming methods.[38]

    In August 2014, Gardiner was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian opposing Scottish independence in the run-up to September's referendum on that subject.[39]

    Selected publications

    See also

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. News: Birthdays today. https://web.archive.org/web/20120426082521/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/archive/2012-4-20.html . dead . 26 April 2012 . The Telegraph. 20 April 2014. 20 April 2012. Sir John Eliot Gardiner, conductor, 69 .
    2. News: Service . Tom . Tilden . Imogen . Tom Service . Bach Portrait Returns to Leipzig . The Guardian . 29 April 2015.
    3. "John Eliot Gardiner", in Contemporary Musicians (1999), Detroit: Gale
    4. Book: Gardiner . John Eliot . Bach : Music in the Castle of Heaven . 2015 . Knopf . New York . US . 978-0-375-41529-6 . 4.
    5. Book: Whenham, John. Monteverdi, Vespers (1610). limited. 1997. Cambridge University Press. 0-521-45377-1. 85.
    6. Book: Gardiner . John Eliot . Bach : Music in the Castle of Heaven . 2015 . Knopf . New York . US . 978-0-375-41529-6 . 6–8.
    7. Web site: The Monteverdi Choir at 50. Monteverdi Choir. 25 November 2015. Flash. https://web.archive.org/web/20151126054615/http://www.monteverdi.co.uk/50/timeline/desktop-version. 26 November 2015. dead.
    8. Web site: English Baroque Soloists. Sinfini Music. 25 November 2015.
    9. Ian Hart is Beethoven in unique drama of the first performance of the Eroica Symphony. BBC. 15 May 2003. 17 May 2007 .
    10. Web site: Sir John Eliot Gardiner – Interview . gramophone.co.uk . October 2008 . Peter Quantrill.
    11. Web site: Lunch with the FT: John Eliot Gardiner. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/cf0c8d2c-0160-11df-8c54-00144feabdc0 . 10 December 2022 . subscription . live . . 15 March 2019 .
    12. Web site: The Heckler: why does John Eliot Gardiner have to be so rude?. Thompson. Damian. 2 May 2015. The Spectator Australia. 16 January 2023 .
    13. https://www.spectator.co.uk/2014/04/is-it-possible-to-be-a-real-artist-and-a-nice-person/
    14. Web site: John Eliot Gardiner pulls out of ACO Christmas concerts . Limelightmagazine.com.au . 19 October 2012 . 23 July 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140729010318/http://www.limelightmagazine.com.au/Article/319957,john-eliot-gardiner-pulls-out-of-aco-christmas-concerts.aspx . 29 July 2014 .
    15. Book: Gardiner. John Eliot. Bach a Biography Through the Music.. 2013. Penguin Books, Limited. London. 978-0-7139-9662-3. 6 December 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20151106051322/http://www.penguin.co.uk/books/music-in-the-castle-of-heaven/9780713996623/. 6 November 2015. Reprinted 2015, Vintage,
    16. Web site: Sir John Eliot Gardiner named president . . 2013 . 26 August 2016 . Smith, Charlotte.
    17. Web site: A New President for The Leipzig Bach Archive Bach-Archiv Leipzig . Bach-leipzig.de . 15 May 2019 . 14 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190514235852/https://www.bach-leipzig.de/en/neutral/new-president-leipzig-bach-archive . dead .
    18. https://www.bach333.com/en/ Bach 333 website
    19. News: Ledwith . Peter Chappell, Mario . 26 August 2023 . Sir John Eliot Gardiner withdraws from show 'after slapping singer' . . en . 26 August 2023 . 0140-0460 . subscription.
    20. Web site: Sir John Eliot Gardiner pulls out of scheduled concerts after punching chorus singer . . 31 August 2023 .
    21. Web site: Festival Berlioz : Sir John Eliot Gardiner quitte La Côte-Saint-André après une altercation avec un chanteur Radio Classique . Radioclassique.fr . 23 August 2023 . 24 August 2023.
    22. News: Famed Conductor Accused of Striking Singer at Performance Radio Classique . The New York Times . 23 August 2023 . 24 August 2023 . Hernández . Javier C. . subscription.
    23. News: 24 August 2023 . Sir John Eliot Gardiner: Famed conductor pulls out of the Proms after alleged assault . en-GB . BBC News . 24 August 2023.
    24. News: Conductor who allegedly slapped singer pulls out of all 2023 performances . The Guardian . 31 August 2023 . Gecsoyler . Sammy .
    25. Web site: Sir John Eliot Gardiner cancels the rest of 2023 . Slippedisc.com. 20 April 2024.
    26. News: John Eliot Gardiner leaves Monteverdi Choir and Orchestras after assault allegation . The Guardian . 24 July 2024 .
    27. United Kingdom list:
    28. 22 April 2005 . Sir John Eliot Gardiner erhält Leipziger Bach-Medaille . . Regensburg . ConBrio Verlagsgesellschaft mbH . ddp . de . 4 July 2018.
    29. Web site: 2006 – Università degli studi di Pavia . diazilla.com . it . 7 August 2021.
    30. Web site: Sir John Eliot Gardiner (conductor). Gramophone. 10 April 2012.
    31. Web site: Laureation address – Sir John Eliot Gardiner . 27 June 2014 . 8 July 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140708093438/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/news/archive/2014/title,245439,en.php . dead .
    32. Web site: Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists . dead . 15 January 2014 . National Book Critics Circle . 14 January 2014 . 14 January 2014.
    33. Web site: British Academy Fellowship reaches 1,000 as 42 new UK Fellows are welcomed. Britac.ac.uk. 16 July 2015.
    34. Web site: Sir John Eliot Gardiner Awarded Honorary Doctorate by Liszt Academy. Concert.lisztacademy.hu. 16 January 2023.
    35. News: Battle . Laura . Conductor John Eliot Gardiner on his love of music and farming . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/9164f70e-0f25-11e7-a88c-50ba212dce4d . 10 December 2022 . subscription . 30 March 2017 . Financial Times.
    36. Web site: 4 August 2019. A maestro marriage is over. 7 August 2021. Slipped Disc. en.
    37. Web site: a rural centre for creative and sustainable living in Fontmell Magna Dorset . Springhead Trust . 23 July 2014.
    38. Web site: With Compliments . geoffrey-gibson.com . 19 March 2020 . 16 June 2024.
    39. News: Celebrities' open letter to Scotland – full text and list of signatories | Politics . theguardian.com . 7 August 2014 . 26 August 2014.