| Honorific Prefix: | The Reverend |
| John Colson | |
| Birth Date: | 1680 |
| Death Place: | Cambridge |
| Nationality: | British |
| Field: | Mathematics |
| Work Institutions: | University of Cambridge |
| Alma Mater: | Christ Church, Oxford |
| Known For: | Signed-digit representation |
John Colson (1680 – 20 January 1760) was an English clergyman, mathematician, and the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.
John Colson was educated at Lichfield School before becoming an undergraduate at Christ Church, Oxford, though he did not take a degree there. He became a schoolmaster at Sir Joseph Williamson's Mathematical School in Rochester, and was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1713. He was Vicar of Chalk, Kent from 1724 to 1740. He relocated to Cambridge and lectured at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. From 1739 to 1760, he was Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. He was also Rector of Lockington, Yorkshire.
In 1726 he published his Negativo-Affirmativo Arithmetik advocating a modified decimal system of numeration. It involved "reduction [to] small figures" by "throwing all the large figures
9,8,7,6
1\bar{1},1\bar{2},1\bar{3},1\bar{4}
John Colson translated several of Isaac Newton's works into English, including De Methodis Serierum et Fluxionum in 1736.