John Bellairs Explained

Birth Name:	John Anthony Bellairs
John Bellairs
Birth Date:	January 17, 1938
Birth Place:	Marshall, Michigan, U.S.
Death Place:	Haverhill, Massachusetts, US
Education:	University of Notre Dame (BA) University of Chicago (MA)
Occupation:	Novelist
Period:	1966–1991
Genre:	Fantasy, horror, humor
Notable Works:	The House with a Clock in Its Walls, The Face in the Frost

John Anthony Bellairs (January 17, 1938 – March 8, 1991)^[1] was an American author best known for his fantasy novel The Face in the Frost and many Gothic mystery novels for children featuring the characters Lewis Barnavelt, Rose Rita Pottinger, Johnny Dixon, and Anthony Monday. Most of his books were illustrated by Edward Gorey.^[2] At the time of his death, Bellairs' books had sold a quarter-million copies in hard cover and more than a million and a half copies in paperback.^[3]

Biography

Early life and education

Bellairs was born in Marshall, Michigan, the son of Virginia (Monk) and Frank Edward Bellairs, who ran a cigar store and bowling alley in Marshall.^[4] He was raised a strict Roman Catholic and initially planned to become a priest.^[5] His hometown inspired the fictional town of New Zebedee, Michigan, where he set his trilogy about Lewis Barnavelt and Rose Rita Pottinger.^[6] Shy, overweight, and often bullied as a child, he had become a voracious reader and a self-described "bottomless pit of useless information" by the time he graduated from Marshall High School and entered the University of Notre Dame in 1955.^[7]

Bellairs graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English magna cum laude from the University of Notre Dame in 1959.^[8] At Notre Dame, he competed in the College Bowl and wrote a regular humor column for the student magazine Scholastic. Bellairs went on to receive a Master of Arts degree in English from the University of Chicago in 1960. He received a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship in 1959.^[9]

Career and interests

Bellairs taught English at the College of Saint Teresa (1963–65), Shimer College (1966–67), Emmanuel College (1968–69), and Merrimack College (1969–71) before turning full-time to writing in 1971. During the late 1960s, he spent six months living and writing in Bristol, United Kingdom, where he began writing The Face in the Frost. Bristol would later feature in his 1990 novel The Secret of the Underground Room.

His personal interests included archaeology, architecture, history, Latin, baseball, kitschy antiques, bad poetry, visits to the UK, and trivia of all kinds. His favorite authors included Charles Dickens, Henry James, M.R. James, Garrett Mattingly, and C. V. Wedgwood.^[10]

Alongside Christopher Tolkien, Bellairs was a guest of honor at the 18th Annual Mythopoeic Conference at Marquette University in 1987, hosted by the Mythopoeic Society.^[11]

Death and legacy

Bellairs died suddenly of cardiovascular disease at his home in Haverhill, Massachusetts, on March 8, 1991, at the age of 53.^[12] He was survived by his ex-wife, Priscilla (Braids) Bellairs, whom he had married on June 24, 1968, and their son Frank J. Bellairs. Frank Bellairs died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on August 19, 1999, at the age of 29.^[13] Priscilla Bellairs lives in Newburyport.^[14]

In 1992, a historical marker was placed in front of the historic Cronin House in Bellairs's hometown of Marshall, Michigan.^[15] Built in 1870 for local merchant Jeremiah Cronin, this imposing Italianate mansion with its 60-foot tower had inspired the titular house of his 1973 book.^[16]

Bellairs was inducted into the Haverhill Citizens Hall of Fame in 2000.

Writings

Books for adults

Bellairs' first published work, St. Fidgeta and Other Parodies (1966), is a collection of short stories satirizing the rites and rituals of Second Vatican Council-era Catholicism. The title story of St. Fidgeta grew out of humorous stories Bellairs made up and shared with friends while living in Chicago. After committing one such story to paper, he sent it to the Chicago-based Catholic magazine The Critic, which published the story in summer 1965. The following year, the hagiography of St. Fidgeta was supplemented by eleven other humorous stories, including an essay on lesser-known popes of antiquity, a cathedral constructed over the course of centuries, and a spoof letter from a modern-day Xavier Rynne about the escapades at the fictional Third Vatican Council. Library Journal hailed St. Fidgeta as "religious burlesque" that delivered "strokes of inspired foolishness." A writer for the National Catholic Reporter called it a "gem."^[17]

The Pedant and the Shuffly, his second book, is a short illustrated fable featuring the evil magician Snodrog (the titular pedant), who ensnares his victims with inescapable (and nonsensical) logic until the kindly sorcerer, Sir Bertram Crabtree-Gore, enlists the help of a magical Shuffly to defeat Snodrog. The book was originally published in 1968 and rereleased in 2001^[18] and 2009.^[19]

Bellairs undertook his third book, The Face in the Frost (1969), while living in Britain and after reading J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. Bellairs said of his third book:

"The Face in the Frost was an attempt to write in the Tolkien manner. I was much taken by The Lord of the Rings and wanted to do a modest work on those lines. In reading the latter book I was struck by the fact that Gandalf was not much of a person—just a good guy. So I gave Prospero, my wizard, most of my phobias and crotchets. It was simply meant as entertainment and any profundity will have to be read in."^[20]

Writing in 1973, Lin Carter described The Face in the Frost as one of the three best fantasy novels to appear since The Lord of the Rings. Carter stated that Bellairs was planning a sequel to The Face in the Frost at the time.^[21] An unfinished sequel titled The Dolphin Cross was included in the anthology Magic Mirrors (New England Science Fiction Association Press, 2009).

Books for children

Bellairs's next novel was originally written as a contemporary adult fantasy. To improve the novel's marketability, his publisher suggested rewriting it as a young readers' book. The result was The House with a Clock in Its Walls (1973), which was named as one of The New York Times Outstanding Books of 1973 and nominated for other awards.^[22]

Following the success of The House with a Clock in Its Walls, Bellairs focused on writing Gothic fantasy adventures aimed at elementary and middle-school children.^[23] "I write scary thrillers for kids because I have the imagination of a 10-year-old," remarked Bellairs. "I love haunted houses, ghosts, witches, mummies, incantations, secret rituals performed by the light of the waning moon, coffins, bones, cemeteries and enchanted objects." Bellairs also wrote his hometown influenced his creative bent: “In my imagination I repeatedly walk up and down the streets of the beautiful old Michigan town where I grew up. It’s full of old Victorian mansions and history, and it would work on the creative mind of any kid.”

Writing for The New York Times, Marilyn Stasio characterized Bellairs' children's books as fast-paced, spooky adventures involving "believable and likeable" characters, generally a child and an older person (usually a "lovable eccentric")^[24] who are friends and must go on adventures and solve a mystery involving supernatural elements such as ghosts and wicked sorcerers. Beyond these supernatural elements, Bellairs's novels evoked "a child's concern with comfort and security in his real world," addressing childhood fears of abandonment, loneliness, and bullying, as well as coming of age. His stories are described as spooky but ultimately reassuring as the characters conquer evil through friendship.

The books have proved especially popular among middle-grade readers between the ages of 9 and 13 but also have significant young adult and adult readerships.

Posthumous sequels

On his death in 1991, Bellairs left behind two unfinished manuscripts and two one-page synopses for future adventures. The Bellairs estate commissioned Brad Strickland to complete the two unfinished manuscripts and to write novels based on the two one-page outlines. These became The Ghost in the Mirror; The Vengeance of the Witch-finder; The Drum, the Doll, and the Zombie; and The Doom of the Haunted Opera, respectively. Starting in 1996 with The Hand of the Necromancer, Strickland began writing his own stories based on the established characters.

Strickland announced in spring 2005 that new adventures of the Bellairs' characters were under way, following contract negotiations with the Bellairs' estate and a two-year absence since his last-published novel. The first of these new adventures was The House Where Nobody Lived, which was published on October 5, 2006. All told, thirteen sequels to Bellairs' books have been written by Strickland.

Critical analysis

Critical attention has focused on The House With the Clock in Its Walls as exemplar of Bellairs' literary merit and style. Critics have argued that Bellairs wrestled with notions of masculinity, femininity, and queerness in his works.^{[25] [26]} Professor Gary D. Schmidt contended that Bellairs' Lewis Barnavelt and Rose Rita Pottinger trilogy traced the "emerging acceptance of self" by the two main characters, who struggled with internalized gender norms.^[27] Elizabeth Wein analyzes Bellairs's use of the haunted house motif in The House With a Clock in Its Walls.^[28] One of the most substantial academic treatments of Bellairs comes from Dawn Heinecken, professor of women's and gender studies at the University of Louisville. Heinecken situates Bellairs in 1970s-era anxieties about gender and changing discourses around masculinity, which were reflected in the era's children's literature.

Conservative critic William Kilpatrick observed of Bellairs that "While his books are quite frightening, they are well written and undergirded by a moral vision" and recommended them to parents who wish to expose their children to age-appropriate literature that both entertains and edifies.^[29] English education instructor Randi Dickson suggested that Bellairs' oeuvre evidenced greater literary merit than the works of R. L. Stine, whose horror fiction appeals to a youthful demographic similar to Bellairs's.^[30] Educators have used The House With the Clock in Its Walls as a case study for using storytelling techniques to draw in reluctant readers^[31] and assigned The Curse of the Blue Figurine to students in a book club.^[32]

Bellairs' books have been translated into Czech, French, German, Japanese, Polish, and Spanish, among other languages.

Illustrators

Edward Gorey provided cover illustrations and frontispieces for all but three of Bellairs's 15 children's novels and continued to illustrate the Strickland novels until Gorey's death in 2000. The novel The Beast Under the Wizard's Bridge featured Gorey's last published artwork before his death.^[33] Despite the strong association of the novels with Gorey's illustrations, Bellairs and Gorey never met and probably never even corresponded. The Gorey covers are no longer in print, though some newer editions of the novels still contain interior Gorey illustrations.

S. D. Schindler and Bart Goldman have created cover art for the Strickland books published since 2001.

Marilyn Fitschen provided the covers and illustrations for Bellairs' first three books: St Fidgeta and Other Parodies, The Pedant and the Shuffly, and The Face in the Frost.

Awards

	Book Title	Award	Year
01	The House with a Clock in Its Walls	American Library Association Children's Books of International Interest Award	1973
02	The House with a Clock in Its Walls	New York Times Outstanding Books of 1973 Award	1973
03	The House with a Clock in Its Walls	South Carolina Children's Book Award Nominee	1978–1979
04	The House with a Clock in Its Walls	Michigan Young Readers Award Nominee	1980
05	The House with a Clock in Its Walls	Maude Hart Lovelace Award Nominee (Minnesota)	1982
06	The Letter, the Witch, and the Ring	South Carolina Children's Book Award Nominee	1979–1980
07	The Letter, the Witch, and the Ring	Utah Children's Fiction Book Award	1981
08	The Treasure of Alpheus Winterborn	Maud Hart Lovelace Award Nominee (Minnesota)	1983
09	The Curse of the Blue Figurine	Utah Children's Fiction Book Award Nominee	1985
10	The Curse of the Blue Figurine	Indian Paintbrush Book Award Nominee (Wyoming)	1986
11	The Curse of the Blue Figurine	Virginia Young Readers Award, Middle School Division	1986–1987
12	The Curse of the Blue Figurine	Read-Aloud Books Too Good to Miss List (Indiana Library Federation)	1990–1991
13	The Mummy, the Will, and the Crypt	Iowa Teen Award Nominee	1985–1986
14	The Dark Secret of Weatherend	Utah Children's Fiction Book Award Nominee	1987
15	The Eyes of the Killer Robot	Rebecca Caudill Young Readers Book Award Nominee (Illinois)	1991
16	The Lamp from the Warlock's Tomb	Edgar Allan Poe Award, Best Juvenile Division, Nominee	1989
17	The Specter from the Magician's Museum	Georgia Author of the Year Award, Young Adult Division	1998
18	The Specter from the Magician's Museum	New York Public Library "Best Books for the Teen Age" Awards

Published books

Novels

	Title	Month	Year	Series	Chapters	Pages	Writer	Illustrator
01	St. Fidgeta and Other Parodies	Jun	1966		12	123	John Bellairs	Marilyn Fitschen
02	The Pedant and the Shuffly	Feb	1968		NA	79	John Bellairs	Marilyn Fitschen
03	The Face in the Frost		1969		11	174	John Bellairs	Marilyn Fitschen
04	The House with a Clock in Its Walls	Jan	1973	Lewis Barnavelt	11	179	John Bellairs	Edward Gorey
05	The Figure in the Shadows		1975	Lewis Barnavelt	13	155	John Bellairs	Mercer Mayer
06	The Letter, the Witch, and the Ring	Jan	1976	Lewis Barnavelt	13	188	John Bellairs	Richard Egielski
07	The Treasure of Alpheus Winterborn	May	1978	Anthony Monday	17	180	John Bellairs	Judith Gwyn Brown
08	The Curse of the Blue Figurine	May	1983	Johnny Dixon	12	200	John Bellairs	Edward Gorey
09	The Mummy, the Will, and the Crypt	Nov	1983	Johnny Dixon	16	168	John Bellairs	Edward Gorey
10	The Dark Secret of Weatherend	Jul	1984	Anthony Monday	15	182	John Bellairs	Edward Gorey
11	The Spell of the Sorcerer's Skull	Nov	1984	Johnny Dixon	11	170	John Bellairs	Edward Gorey
12	The Revenge of the Wizard's Ghost	Nov	1985	Johnny Dixon	15	147	John Bellairs	Edward Gorey
13	The Eyes of the Killer Robot	Oct	1986	Johnny Dixon	17	167	John Bellairs	Edward Gorey
14	The Lamp from the Warlock's Tomb	May	1988	Anthony Monday	14	168	John Bellairs	Edward Gorey
15	The Trolley to Yesterday	Jul	1989	Johnny Dixon	18	183	John Bellairs	Edward Gorey
16	The Chessmen of Doom	Nov	1989	Johnny Dixon	16	155	John Bellairs	Edward Gorey
17	The Secret of the Underground Room	Mar	1990	Johnny Dixon	13	127	John Bellairs	Edward Gorey
18	The Mansion in the Mist	Aug	1992	Anthony Monday	17	170	John Bellairs	Edward Gorey
19	The Ghost in the Mirror	Apr	1993	Lewis Barnavelt	13	169	coauthors	Edward Gorey
20	The Vengeance of the Witch-finder	Sep	1993	Lewis Barnavelt	15	153	coauthors	Edward Gorey
21	The Drum, the Doll, and the Zombie	Sep	1994	Johnny Dixon	15	153	coauthors	Edward Gorey
22	The Doom of the Haunted Opera	Sep	1995	Lewis Barnavelt	16	153	coauthors	Edward Gorey
23	The Hand of the Necromancer	Sep	1996	Johnny Dixon	18	168	Brad Strickland	Edward Gorey
24	The Bell, the Book, and the Spellbinder	Oct	1997	Johnny Dixon	16	149	Brad Strickland	Edward Gorey
25	The Specter from the Magician's Museum	Mar	1998	Lewis Barnavelt	16	149	Brad Strickland	Edward Gorey
26	The Wrath of the Grinning Ghost	Sep	1999	Johnny Dixon	15	166	Brad Strickland	Edward Gorey
27	The Beast Under the Wizard's Bridge	Sep	2000	Lewis Barnavelt	15	151	Brad Strickland	Edward Gorey
28	The Tower at the End of the World	Sep	2001	Lewis Barnavelt	15	146	Brad Strickland	S. D. Schindler
29	The Whistle, the Grave, and the Ghost	Aug	2003	Lewis Barnavelt	14	152	Brad Strickland	S. D. Schindler
30	The House Where Nobody Lived	Oct	2006	Lewis Barnavelt	18	173	Brad Strickland	Bart Goldman
31	The Sign of the Sinister Sorcerer	Oct	2008	Lewis Barnavelt	13	168	Brad Strickland	Bart Goldman
32	The Stone, the Cipher, and the Shadows	Aug	2023	Johnny Dixon	17	167	Brad Strickland	Open Road Media

Some Lewis Barnavelt and Johnny Dixon books were outlined by Bellairs and completed by Strickland, who subsequently created new stories in both series.

Publishers

	Title	Amber	Artist House	Bantam Skylark/BDD	Barnes & Noble	Corgi	Dell Yearling/BDD	Dial/Penguin	Editions du Rocher	Editora Record	Gallimard Jeunesse	Harcourt Brace Jovanovich	Heyne	Macmillan	Mythopoeic Press	NESFA Press	Puffin/Penguin	Shueisha Publishing
01	St. Fidgeta and Other Parodies
02	The Pedant and the Shuffly
03	The Face in the Frost
04	The House with a Clock in Its Walls
05	The Figure in the Shadows
06	The Letter, the Witch, and the Ring
07	The Treasure of Alpheus Winterborn
08	The Curse of the Blue Figurine
09	The Mummy, the Will, and the Crypt
10	The Dark Secret of Weatherend
11	The Spell of the Sorcerer's Skull
12	The Revenge of the Wizard's Ghost
13	The Eyes of the Killer Robot
14	The Lamp from the Warlock's Tomb
15	The Trolley to Yesterday
16	The Chessmen of Doom
17	The Secret of the Underground Room
18	The Mansion in the Mist
19	The Ghost in the Mirror
20	The Vengeance of the Witch-finder
21	The Drum, the Doll, and the Zombie
22	The Doom of the Haunted Opera
23	The Hand of the Necromancer
24	The Bell, the Book, and the Spellbinder
25	The Specter from the Magician's Museum
26	The Wrath of the Grinning Ghost
27	The Beast Under the Wizard's Bridge
28	The Tower at the End of the World
29	The Whistle, the Grave, and the Ghost
30	The House Where Nobody Lived
31	The Sign of the Sinister Sorcerer
32	Magic Mirrors
33	The Best of John Bellairs
34	The Best of John Bellairs 2

Adaptations

Films

On November 18, 2011, Mythology Entertainment, founded by Brad Fischer,^[34] co-president of production at Phoenix Pictures; Laeta Kalogridis; and James Vanderbilt announced that they hired Eric Kripke, creator of Supernatural and Revolution, to write and produce a feature film based on John Bellairs' work through a partnership with John's estate. "Jamie, Laeta and I are thrilled to launch Mythology Entertainment and to be partnering with Eric Kripke and the estate of John Bellairs for our first feature project,” Fischer said.

“As a kid, Eric was inspired by Bellairs’ work and these books have stayed with him through the years…. As a company, we aspire to be a haven for artists and friends who believe in the power of myth and remember that feeling we all got as kids, when the lights went down and the images came up and anything was possible.”^[35]

The film adaptation of Bellairs' novel The House with a Clock in Its Walls stars Jack Black as Uncle Jonathan, Cate Blanchett as Mrs. Zimmerman, and Owen Vaccaro as Lewis Barnavelt, and was directed by Eli Roth. It was released on September 21, 2018.^[36]

Audiobooks

	Title	Year	Publisher	Narrator
01	The Face in the Frost	1995	Recorded Books	George Guidall
02	The Ghost in the Mirror	1995	Recorded Books	George Guidall
03	The House with a Clock in Its Walls	1995	Recorded Books	George Guidall
04	The Lamp from the Warlock's Tomb	1995	Recorded Books	Betty Low
05	The Mansion in the Mist	1995	Recorded Books	Betty Low

As of September 2022, Blackstone Publishing has re-issued Face In the Frost and all 12 Lewis Barnavelt books on CD and digital formats. Beginning in May 2022 and continuing until mid-2023, Blackstone commissioned audiobooks of the Johnny Dixon books, read by Johnny Heller.

Television

	TV program title	Book title	Producer	Year
01	Once Upon a Midnight Scary	The House with a Clock in Its Walls	VideoGems	1979
02	The Clue According to Sherlock Holmes	The Treasure of Alpheus Winterborn	VideoGems	1980
03	The House with a Clock in Its Walls	The House with a Clock in Its Walls	Barr Films	1991
04	The Treasure of Alpheus Winterborn	The Treasure of Alpheus Winterborn	Barr Films	1991

See also

• Lewis Barnavelt (series)
• Johnny Dixon (series)
• Anthony Monday (series)
• List of horror fiction authors

External links

• Bellairsia | blog | forum – celebrating John Bellairs
  • • • John Bellairs Papers at the University of Minnesota Libraries

Notes and References

1. Book: Olendorf, Donna. Something About the Author. Gale Research. 1992. 978-0-8103-2278-3. Detroit. 23–25. Internet Archive.
2. Web site: Domino. Matt. 2017-05-12. Why the Link Between Edward Gorey and John Bellairs Remains Unbreakable. 2021-08-29. The Millions. en-US.
3. News: Stasio. Marilyn. 1991-06-09. CHILDREN'S BOOKS; Under the Spell Of Scary Stuff. en-US. The New York Times. 2021-09-05. 0362-4331.
4. Book: Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature Vol 2. 9780941028776. Reginald. R.. September 2010. Wildside Press LLC .
5. News: Beal . Darlene . John Bellairs Keeps Stories 'Real' . 2024-01-08 . The Observer . . 6 . 39 . 7.
6. Book: MacNee, Marie J.. Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Writers. Gale Research. 1995. 0810398664. 1. New York. 49–52.
7. Web site: Dunne. Patrick. 2011. John Bellairs: Author of the Imaginary. 2021-09-05. Notre Dame Magazine. en.
8. News: 1991-03-14. John A. Bellairs, 53, A Children's Author. en-US. The New York Times. 2021-08-29. 0362-4331.
9. Web site: 1959-03-15. Press release. 2021-08-28. University of Notre Dame.
10. Web site: John Bellairs. 2021-08-29. lookingglassreview.com.
11. Hyde. Paul. 1986-10-15. Quenti Lambardillion. Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature. 13. 1. 33. 0146-9339.
12. News: The Associated Press . The Associated Press . 1991-03-14 . Obituary for John Bellairs . 92 . . 2024-01-02.
13. News: 1999-08-22 . Obituary for Frank J. Bellairs . 84 . . 2024-01-02.
14. Web site: Shea. Jack. 2018-04-18. Newburyport woman gets glimpse at film on late husband's book. 2021-08-29. The Daily News of Newburyport. en.
15. Book: Hahn, Daniel . The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature . Oxford University Press . 2015 . 978-0-19-174437-2 . 2nd . 62 . 921452204 .
16. Web site: Hall. Kalea. 2018-09-18. The House that Inspired 'House with a Clock in Its Walls' Comes to Life in Time for Movie. 2021-09-09. Battle Creek Enquirer. en-US.
17. Washburn. Susanne. 2004-10-29. The marvelous St. Fidgeta: Tales of a 7-year-old martyr are a gem of religious burlesque. National Catholic Reporter. 16–17.
18. Web site: The Mythopoeic Society - Mythopoeic Press, The Pedant and the Shuffly. 2021-08-31. www.mythsoc.org.
19. Web site: Magic Mirrors – NESFA. 2021-08-31. en-US.
20. Book: Commire, Anne. Something About the Author. Gale Research. 1971. 978-0-8103-0052-1. 2. Detroit. 20. Internet Archive.
21. Lin Carter, Imaginary Worlds. New York: Ballantine/Random House, 1973, pp. 1165-67 (Cites Carter's correspondence with Bellairs).
22. Heinecken . Dawn . 2011 . Haunting Masculinity and Frightening Femininity: The Novels of John Bellairs . . en . 42 . 2 . 118–131 . 10.1007/s10583-010-9127-7 . 1573-1693 . 144558619.
23. Book: Children's Literature Review. Gale Research. 1996. 0810389517. Hedblad. Alan. New York. 1–29. John Bellairs. 0362-4145. Internet Archive.
24. News: Gardner. Craig Shaw. 1984-11-11. Reading on the Edge of Your Seat. The Washington Post. 2021-09-08.
25. Web site: Huskey. Melynda. A Specter is Haunting New Zebedee: Reading John Bellairs as Queer-Kid Gothic. 2021-09-05. September 5, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210905234857/https://research.wsulibs.wsu.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2376/2357/Huskey%20-%20Specter%20is%20haunting.pdf?sequence=1. dead.
26. Skowera. Maciej. 2019-07-24. Lewis Barnavelt and the Rainbow over New Zebedee: Queering The House with a Clock in Its Walls. Dzieciństwo. Literatura i Kultura. en. 1. 1. 85–108. 10.32798/dlk.29. 2657-9510. free.
27. Schmidt . Gary D. . 1987-03-01 . See how they grow: Character development in children's series books . . en . 18 . 1 . 34–44 . 10.1007/BF01135437 . 1573-1693 . 143265245.
28. Wein . Elizabeth . 2000 . Mystery in a House . . en . 24 . 2 . 248–249 . 10.1353/uni.2000.0024 . 1080-6563 . Project MUSE.
29. Book: Kilpatrick, William. Books that build character: A guide to teaching your child moral values through stories. Simon & Schuster. 1994. 978-0-671-88423-9. New York. 217. English. 937954417.
30. Dickson. Randi. 1998. Horror: To Gratify, Not Edify. Language Arts. 76. 2. 115–122. 10.58680/la199812 . 41484083. 0360-9170.
31. Raymond. Kettel. 1994. Motivating the Reluctant Reader: Using the Storytelling Episode Model. Storytelling World. 3. 1. 31–33. ERIC.
32. Lewis . Mark A. . Zisselsberger . Margarita Gómez . 2019 . Scaffolding and Inequitable Participation in Linguistically Diverse Book Clubs . . en . 54 . 2 . 167–186 . 10.1002/rrq.234 . 1936-2722 . 149462377 . free.
33. Web site: Goreyography: West Wing: Seeking Gorey: Available from Amazon.com. 2020-11-02. www.goreyography.com.
34. Web site: September 10, 2009. Brad Fischer – Co-President, Production. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120317103827/http://www.phoenixpictures.com/about-us/brad-fischer.html. March 17, 2012. June 17, 2012.
35. Web site: Mike Fleming. November 18, 2011. Phoenix Co-President Bradley Fischer Forms Mythology With Scribes Laeta Kalogridis And James Vanderbilt. June 17, 2012. Deadline New York.
36. Web site: Lizzie Plaugic. March 27, 2018. Watch the first trailer for The House with a Clock in its Walls. March 27, 2018. The Verge.