| Johann Sperling | |
| Birth Date: | 12 July 1603 |
| Birth Place: | Zeuchfeld |
| Death Place: | Wittenberg |
| Education: | University of Wittenberg |
Johann Sperling (12 July 1603–12 August 1658) was a German physician, zoologist and physicist, deacon and Rektor of the University of Wittenberg. He was among the first to practise zoology as a natural science, writing a first handbook about animals, Zoologia physica.
Born in Zeuchfeld the son of the minister Paul Sperling and his wife Dorothea, he was educated from age 12 at Landesschule Schulpforta, graduating six years later. From 2 June 1621 he studied at the faculty of philosophy of the University of Wittenberg, reaching the degree of magister on 27 September 1625. From 2 October 1628, he had the right to lecture at universities.
He then studied theology, but turned to medical and physical studies, encouraged by and . He studied with Daniel Sennert, and took part in the dispute with with the treatise physico-medicum de morbis totius substantiae & cognatis materiis pro Sennerto contra Freitagium.
Sperling was appointed professor of physics on 2 February 1634. He served as a deacon of the faculty of philosophy four times, and was twice Rektor of the university. When he died, he was buried in the Schlosskirche on 15 August 1658.
Sperling's major work was the zoological book Zoologia physica which was published in 1661 after his death by . Sperling was among the first to use the term zoology and treat it as a natural science. His book deals first with general aspects common to animals, then with the different classes and species. He has been called an "early modern zoologist".
Among Sperling's scientific publications are: