Johann Philipp Siebenkees Explained

Johann Philipp Siebenkees
Birth Date:	4 October 1759
Nationality:	German

Johann Philipp Siebenkees (4 October 1759  - 25 June 1796) was a German philosopher.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

Siebenkees studied theology, philosophy, and philology at the Protestant^[5] University of Altdorf. In 1791 he became associate professor of philosophy there, and a full professor of languages in 1795. He also taught archaeology. It has been suggested that he was responsible for the invention of the iron maiden during this period.^[6] However, the oldest citation for it in the Oxford English Dictionary is from Johann Georg Keyssler's Travels through Germany, Bohemia, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, and Lorrain - 1st edition, 1756–1757. The quote is very sceptical, so the invention seems older.

Johann Philipp Siebenkees was a cousin of the poet Johann Christian Siebenkees.

Siebenkees undertook several voyages to Venice, Rome, and Naples. He died of a stroke in 1796.

References

1. Book: Siebenkees, Johann Philipp . 1799 . Handbuch der Archaeologie oder Anleitung zur Kenntnis der Kunstwerke des Alterthums und zur Geschichte der Kunst der Alten Völker . Nuremberg.
2. Book: Siebenkees, Johann Philipp . 1791 . Versuch einer Geschichte der venetianischen Staatsinquisition . Nuremberg.
3. Book: Rieger, Walter . 1951 . Johann Christian Siebenkees, Professor der Rechte zu Altdorf : Sein Leben u. s. Werk . Erlangen.
4. Web site: Aktivitäten der "deutschen Privatgesellschaft" . 2006 . Fachbereich Allgemeinwissenschaften . January 25, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060516120844/http://www.ai.fh-nuernberg.de/Professors/Kuegel/Blumenorden/privgesakt.htm. May 16, 2006.
5. Book: Frick, D. . Kith, Kin, and Neighbors: Communities and Confessions in Seventeenth-Century Wilno . Cornell University Press . 2013 . 978-0-8014-6753-0 . 2022-10-11 . 166.
6. Web site: Graf . Klaus . Mordgeschichten und Hexenerinnerungen - das boshafte Gedächtnis auf dem Dorf . June 21, 2001 . 2017-04-23 . bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/20040828060227/http://www.mondzauberin.de/einstieg/informativ/essays/essays3/BerlinOnline%2BDie%2Bunsichtbare%2BH/vortrag.html . August 28, 2004 . Das Hinrichtungswerkzeug 'Eiserne Jungfrau' ist eine Fiktion des 19. Jahrhunderts, denn erst in der ersten Hälfte des 19. jahrhunderts hat man frühneuzeitliche Schandmäntel, die als Straf- und Folterwerkzeuge dienten und gelegentlich als 'Jungfrau' bezeichnet wurden, innen mit eisernen Spitzen versehen und somit die Objekte den schaurigen Phantasien in Literatur und Sage angepaßt. . ("The 'Iron Maiden' tool of execution is a 19th-century fiction, for only starting in the first half of the 19th century were early modern 'cloaks of shame', which were used as instruments of punishment and torture and occasionally termed 'maidens', equipped with iron spikes on the inside and thus made to conform to the gruesome fantasies found in literature and legend.")