Johann Benedict Listing Explained

Johann Benedict Listing
Birth Date:1808 7, df=y
Birth Place:Frankfurt, Principality of Frankfurt
Death Place:Göttingen, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
Nationality:German
Fields:Mathematics
Alma Mater:University of Göttingen
Doctoral Advisor:Carl Friedrich Gauss
Doctoral Students:Edward Leamington Nichols
Known For:Back-and-forth method
Listing number
Listing's knot
Listing's law

Johann Benedict Listing (25 July 1808 – 24 December 1882) was a German mathematician.

J. B. Listing was born in Frankfurt and died in Göttingen. He finished his studies at the University of Göttingen in 1834, and in 1839 he succeeded Wilhelm Weber as professor of physics.

Listing first introduced the term "topology" to replace the older term "geometria situs" (also called sometimes "Analysis situs"), in a famous article published in 1847, although he had used the term in correspondence some years earlier.[1] He (independently) discovered the properties of the Möbius strip, or half-twisted strip, at the same time (1858) as August Ferdinand Möbius, and went further in exploring the properties of strips with higher-order twists (paradromic rings). He discovered topological invariants which came to be called Listing numbers.[2]

In ophthalmology, Listing's law describes an essential element of extraocular eye muscle coordination.

In geodesy, he coined in 1872 the term geoid for the idealized geometric surface of the figure of the Earth.[3]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Johann Benedict Listing – Biography. 2021-12-24. Maths History. en.
  2. [Charles Sanders Peirce|Peirce, C. S.]
  3. Book: Listing, Johann Benedict . Über unsere jetzige Kenntniss der Gestalt und Grösse der Erde: Aus den Nachrichten der K. Ges. der Wiss . Dieterich . 1872 . Göttingen . de . 2021-07-06 .