Joey Skaggs Explained

Joey Skaggs
Other Names:	Kim Yung Soo, Joe Bones, Joseph Bonuso, Giuseppe Scaggoli, Peppe Scaggoli, Dr. Josef Gregor, Joseph Virgil Skaggs, Dr. Richard J. Long, Dr. Joseph Schlafer, Dr. Joseph Chenango, Baba Wa Simba, Joseph Bucks, Jojo the Gypsy, Joseph Howard, Joseph Sullivan, and the Rev. Anthony Joseph.
Birth Place:	United States
Education:	High School of Art and Design School of Visual Arts (BFA)
Occupation:	Artist, writer, teacher
Website:	https://joeyskaggs.com/

Joey Skaggs (born 1945) is an American multi-media artist, activist, satirist, educator and prankster whose work has been widely exhibited, disseminated and discussed internationally.^{[1] [2] [3]} Skaggs pioneered the use of the media as his artistic medium and is one of the originators of the phenomenon known as culture jamming.^[4] In a career spanning six decades, he has produced scores of works, including paintings, sculptures, guerrilla theater,^[5] performance art, socially revealing hoaxes, media pranks,^[6] and films.^[7] He is a graduate of New York's High School of Art & Design and received his BFA from the School of Visual Arts where he also taught Media Communications for many years in addition to teaching at Parsons School of Design. He speaks internationally on divergent approaches to address social issues through art.^[8]

Artistic career

Joey Skaggs’ art has a history of challenging and disrupting the status quo, examples of his notorious work include the Crucifixion, Cat House for Dogs, Solomon Project, and Metamorphosis. Fostering social change, cultural understanding, and individual empowerment are key elements of his activism through art. His work employs guerrilla theater and public relations strategies for social critique, continuing the legacy of theatrical satire with modern communication tools, all while adhering to the law and ethical practices.^[9]

Skaggs’ projects are meant to reveal the susceptibility to hype, hypocrisy, and misinformation and highlight the public’s vulnerability to media manipulation by corporate conglomerates that prioritize profits over integrity. His art underscores the dangers of power misuse, conflicts of interest, and the blurring of entertainment and news.^[10]

In interviews and on his website, Skaggs advocates for media literacy, critical analysis, questioning authority, using multiple information sources, and challenging preconceptions.^{[11] [12] [13] [14]}

According to Skaggs’ website, his artistic process frequently unfolds in stages he calls the hook, the line, and the sinker. First he crafts an absurd premise through press releases, brochures and/or staging an event or theatrical fabrication with actors and props, leaving obvious clues. Then he documents the hoax’s impact, recording media and public reactions, and tracking the narrative’s evolution. Finally, he unveils the truth, points out media irresponsibility, and begins a discussion about the underlying issues.

Films

In 2017, "Art of the Prank", Andrea Marini's award-winning feature documentary about artist Joey Skaggs, was released internationally on television and streaming platforms.^{[15] [16] [17] [18]}

In 2020, production began on a series of short oral history documentaries featuring Skaggs and materials from his archive titled, “Joey Skaggs Satire and Art Activism, 1960s to the Present and Beyond”. The films are screening in international film festivals and will be available to the public at some point.^[19]

Select Works

Crucifixion (1966-1969)

• On Easter Sunday, 1966, Joey Skaggs carried his life-size sculptural depiction of a naked and decayed Jesus Christ on a cross to Hoving’s Hill in Tompkins Square Park on the Lower East Side in New York City. When he erected it, onlookers attacked and partially destroyed it.^[20] After repairing the sculpture, he continued to both exhibit it and bring it to public protests for three more years. It was featured in the 1967 New York University exhibition, Angry Artists: Artists Against the War in Vietnam, and became a center piece in the 1967 and 1968 Be-ins in Central Park. In 1969, anticipating further damage, he built a duplicate sculpture and dragged it through the Easter Parade up to the doors of St. Patrick's Cathedral (Midtown Manhattan) on 5th Avenue, where the church closed its doors, denying entry. A brigade of police then dragged him away. According to Skaggs, the piece represented the hypocrisy of the Church and man’s inhumanity to man.^[21]

Hippie Bus Tour to Queens (1968)

• In September, 1968, Joey Skaggs, who lived in the East Village in New York, grew weary of the hordes of camera-toting tourists cruising the streets on tour buses gawking at the freaks. He decided to reverse the situation and take a bus load of 60 bearded, beaded, camera-toting hippies out to suburbia. It was an ironic reversal he called his “cultural exchange tour”. Howard Smith, writer for the Village Voice Scenes column, announced the event^[22] and Skaggs’ was immediately visited by an undercover detective asking to buy a ticket for his daughter. Skaggs told him the tour was free, but the detective kept pushing a five-dollar bill into his hands. As soon as Skaggs took the money, the detective identified himself and busted Skaggs for running an unlicensed tour business. When Skaggs proposed to reveal to the media what had just happened, he was informed he could take a tour-guide exam and get a temporary license. When he failed the test and said he would do the tour anyway, the licensing agency suggested he hire a tour operator. So, Skaggs hired tour guide Bob Lake for $25 for the day. The bus tour started at St. Marks Place and 2^nd Avenue in front of Gem Spa, a local candy shop and news stand. Skaggs invited friends to come, including author and publisher of the Realist, Paul Krasner, and the Group Image rock and roll band. Artist Yayoi Kusama asked if she could come too. The tour bus made its way through neighborhoods in Queens, with the guide pointing out the “squares” mowing their lawns and washing their cars. They stopped at Hillside’s Nirvana head shop where the band played and tour passengers danced naked, while Kusama painted polka dots on them.^[23] Skaggs then treated everyone to White Castle hamburgers, which were $.14 at the time, and to ice cream cones at Howard Johnson’s Restaurant. Journalists rode both on the bus and in vehicles following behind. Skaggs was interviewed for the Today Show and the story made the front page of the Daily News. Articles about the Bus Tour also appeared in the New York Times and in other news publications.^[24] Shortly afterwards, Skaggs received a call from Greyhound Bus Line to see if he would continue doing tours in the Bronx and Brooklyn. He politely declined.^{[25] [26]}

Vietnamese Christmas Nativity Burning (1968)

• In 1968, Joey Skaggs orchestrated a provocative protest against the Vietnam War by creating a life-size Vietnamese Nativity scene. On Christmas Day, Skaggs and his friends, dressed as American soldiers with plastic and wooden weapons, feverishly tried to erect the sculpture in New York City’s Central Park. The scene consisted of a wood-framed manger; paper-mâché pigs with police hats, badges, and guns; white middle-class sheep with attaché cases; a huge camel representing Hubert Humphrey; three beheaded wise men representing the slain Jack and Bobby Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr.; a Vietnamese baby Jesus in the manger; and Vietnamese peasant sculptures of Mary and Joseph. He planned to burn it all down to draw attention to the horrors of the war and criticize the U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Before the Nativity could be completely erected and set on fire, the police and journalists found the protesters. Many were arrested. The headline in The New York Times the next day read, “Yippie ‘Nativity Scene’ Leads to Tickets for Littering,” which condescendingly ignored the artist’s purpose.^[27] This inspired Skaggs to begin critiquing the media’s penchant for changing the narrative to suit their own agenda. It also inspired him in his future work to be prepared ahead of time with his own statement of purpose, so that no matter what the media said about his work, he had evidence of his intent.^{[28] [29]}

Cathouse for Dogs (1976)

• Skaggs placed an ad in New York’s Village Voice newspaper and sent out a press release announcing a Cathouse for Dogs where for $50 you could get your dog sexually gratified. When the news media requested to visit the facility, he organized a group of 25 volunteers and 15 dogs and staged an evening in a dog bordello.^[30] WABC TV News included footage in a documentary on animal cruelty which won an Emmy.^[31] Skaggs was subpoenaed for illegally running a whorehouse for dogs, for which there was no law. In a press conference he held at the Attorney General’s office, he revealed the hoax, explaining that television is not necessarily reality. WABC TV News did not retract the story.^[32]

Celebrity Sperm Bank (1976)

• In July of 1976, Giuseppe Scaggoli (Skaggs), owner of the Celebrity Sperm Bank, announced an auction of rock star sperm in New York City. Celebrities whose sperm Scaggoli claimed to have were Mick Jagger, Bob Dylan, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and Jimi Hendrix.^[33]   On the day of the event, Skaggs’ volunteer actors crowded the street in front of a building on Waverly Place, some to bid on the sperm and others to protest the concept. Scaggoli appeared and announced that the sperm had been stolen and read a ransom note purportedly from Abbie Hoffman to the crowd. The cancellation of the auction caused disappointment and outrage. News of the event was published in print media and broadcast on television.^[34]

Wall Street Shoeshine (1979)

• Skaggs, as "Joseph Bucks", a shoeshine man who had grown rich hearing investment tips from his Wall Street clients, returned to celebrate his success. He arrived on Wall Street in a limousine and set up a luxurious shoeshine stand where he charged $5.00 per shine, about ten times the going rate.^[35] Skaggs recruited friends and students from his School of Visual Arts media classes to form an initial crowd, which prompted passersby to join the line to get their shoes shined.^[36]

Metamorphosis, Cockroach Miracle Cure (1981)

• On May 22, 1981, Dr. Josef Gregor (a.k.a. Joey Skaggs), an entomologist who had created a strain of super-roaches immune to all toxins known to man, held a press conference and claimed that by extracting a hormone from these insects he had produced a miracle cure. He was accompanied in his fake laboratory by friends, colleagues and students from his classes at the School of Visual Arts. He announced that he and his followers were now immune to acne, anemia, menstrual cramps and nuclear radiation and that he was offering his discovery for free to the world.^[37] The story went out on the UPI wire service and other news sources, and Dr. Gregor was featured on WNBC TV’s Live at Five with Jack Cafferty and Sue Simmons. Using the name Metamorphosis was a nod to Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, but none of the media picked up the clue. This satire was meant to expose the media’s role in promoting charlatans and the need for the public to question the sources of their information.^[38]

Gypsies Against Stereotypical Propaganda (1982)

• On June 15, 1982, JoJo, the King of the New York gypsies, (a.k.a. Skaggs), called for a city-wide, weeklong gypsy work stoppage (no fortune telling and no reading of horoscopes, tarot cards or palms) to protest the use of the term gypsy moth, an insect that had been decimating hardwood trees in the Northeast. He formed Gypsies Against Stereotypical Propaganda, or G.A.S.P., and in a press release said, “Call it the Ayatollah moth, call it the Idi Amin moth, call it the Hitler moth, but never again the Gypsy moth.”^[39] JoJo and his band of gypsies staged a demonstration in front of governor Carey's Manhattan office. This protest was reported by Clyde Haberman in The New York Times.^[40] 39 years later, in 2021, The New York Times reported that the Entomological Society of America changed the name of the gypsy moth and the gypsy ant because they are “offensive to a community of people.”^[41]

Windsurfing from Hawaii to California (1983)

• At noon on January 15, 1983, Hawaii windsurfer, J.J. Skaggs (a.k.a. Joey Skaggs) set out to become the first person to cross the Pacific Ocean from Hawaii to California on a sailboard. After a Hawaiian blessing and a send-off party complete with a rock-and-roll band, a man said to be Skaggs departed equipped with enough water, snack bars and Dinty Moore stew to last for the estimated 30-day trip where he would encounter over 40-foot waves. His board sail said CAL OR BUST.^[42] The windsurfer was not actually Skaggs, but J.J. Jones, a world-class windsurfer who had cut his hair and mustache to resemble Skaggs. J.J. set sail, but once out of sight, he rounded the point and came ashore, making his way to a local bar to secretly rendezvous with Skaggs and friends. When there was talk of a Coast Guard rescue mission, Skaggs revealed the hoax. The TV networks that had covered the story never retracted the story.^[43]

Fish Condos (1983)

• Outraged by the degradation of our natural resources as well as New York’s burgeoning gentrification, Joey Skaggs decided that soon fish would need better homes.^[44] He created Fish Condos, working aquariums that depicted kitchens, living rooms, bedrooms, and bathrooms, for upwardly mobile guppies.^[45] The aquatic sculptures were published in New York Magazine’s “Best Bets” and became an instant sensation, appearing in museum and gallery exhibitions, publications, and on television around the world. What began as a satire became so popular that in 1996 they were featured in the Neiman Marcus Christmas Catalog for thousands of dollars.^[46]

Bad Guys Talent Management Agency (1984)

• To help his friend Verne Williams fulfill his fantasy to become an actor, Skaggs created the bogus Bad Guys Talent Management Agency featuring bad guys, bad girls, bad kids, and bad dogs. Skaggs designed an FBI wanted poster for Verne and sent it to casting agents.^[47] This landed Verne a role in Berry Gordy’s feature film, The Last Dragon.^[48] As a result of media coverage from People Magazine and other outlets, the demand was so great that Skaggs held casting calls for actors wanting representation and signed up more than 300 "bad" actors. Many were cast in commercials, print ads and movies. Skaggs not wanting to manage a real business, passed the agency to Sara Jones, one of the original bad girls.^[49]  

WALK RIGHT! (1984)

• In December of 1984, Joseph Virgil Skaggs (a.k.a. Joey Skaggs), had had enough of the outrageous behavior exhibited by inconsiderate, unconscious, hostile pedestrians in New York City. Satirizing vigilantism, Skaggs formed WALK RIGHT! — an ad hoc group of sidewalk etiquette enforcers who patrolled the streets to make New York a better place to live and walk. The group proposed 66 rules for walking, such as no short people with umbrellas, no squeaky wheels on strollers and no wearing sunglasses at night. CNN and WOR TV Channel 9 were among the news stations that reported the story^{[50] [51]}

The Fat Squad (1986)

• Joe Bones (a.k.a. Joey Skaggs), an ex-U.S. Marine drill sergeant, formed the Fat Squad, an organization created to help wipe out fat. Bones’ Fat Squad Commandos would, for $300 a day and a 3-day minimum, keep clients from eating anything not on their diet. The company’s motto was, “You can hire us, but you cannot fire us, our commandos take no bribes.” This was a satire about America’s obsession with diet fads. The Philadelphia Inquirer and Washington Post were among the first media establishments to fall for this hoax. It was widely covered in the U.S., including on ABC’s Good Morning America, and appeared on television and in print in Japan, Australia, England, Italy, Germany and France.^{[52] [53] [54]}

April Fool’s Day Parade (1986)

• Joey Skaggs' New York City April Fools' Day Parade is an annual event marked by a press release renowned for its satirical and humorous take on current events and societal norms. Organized by Skaggs since 1986, the parade features elaborate floats, performers, and participants who mock political figures, social issues, and cultural trends with witty and often absurd commentary. The parade route begins at 5^th Avenue and 59^th Street and ends at Washington Square Park with the crowning of the King of Fools, attracting both spectators and media attention with its promised creative and provocative displays.^{[55] [56] [57]}

Save the Geoduck (1987)

• Joey Skaggs, using the alias Dr. Richard J. Long (or Dick Long), posing as a marine biologist, oceanographer, and environmental activist, launched an international campaign to save the geoduck, a species of clam found in the Puget Sound in Seattle, Washington. He claimed this species was being over-harvested by commercial fishermen to satisfy Japan's insatiable appetite for aphrodisiacs because the Chernobyl nuclear accident had rendered Lapland reindeer antlers radioactive and no longer suitable.^[58] He organized a protest in front of the Japan Society in New York. UPI wire service, U.S. News and World Report, WNBC TV News, Der Spiegel, The Fisherman’s News and more fell for the hoax, reporting on the protest. At the time, people were destroying Japanese cars and electronics as retribution for the loss of jobs, and exacerbated trade imbalances.^[59] This thinly veiled phallus joke highlighted Americans' racism and tendency to blame others rather than themselves for their own problems.^[60]

Comacocoon (1990)

• In the fall of 1990 Skaggs as Dr. Joseph Schlafer (German for sleeper), a German anesthesiologist, launched Comacocoon, a vacation service that induced clients into a controlled dream-state simulating their ideal vacation. The service could help participants quit smoking, have elective surgery, learn a foreign language, and get a tan. When Dr. Schlafer refused an interview request by the Globe tabloid, the reporter, who spoke German, alerted New York City police that the organization could be a front for hallucinogenic drugs.^[61] When detectives visited, Skaggs explained that it was a conceptual performance piece. The detectives offered him a job teaching other officers to identify scams and frauds which he declined.^[62] The hoax continued until a subpoena arrived from the Department of Consumer Affairs, at that time headed by Mark Green. There were 17 charges related to the company’s purported use of drugs and BioImpression computer system. Skaggs was deposed, at which point he cheerfully revealed the hoax to be a satire about mind control, the environmental effects of vacation travel, and the self-help and alternative medicine industries.^[63]

Hair Today, Ltd. (1990)

• In 1990, coinciding with his Comacoon Hoax, Joey Skaggs posed as Dr. Joseph Chenango, a native American surgeon offering a revolutionary cure for baldness: scalp transplants from cadavers. Claiming the procedure was safe, effective, and FDA-approved, Dr. Chenango solicited scalp donors with no history of male pattern baldness who worked in high-risk occupations, such as electric linesmen or big game hunters.^[64] These, he reasoned, would make suitable donors in the event of their untimely death. He also solicited new scalp recipients–people wanting to undergo a scalp transplant. He promoted his nationwide search with a brochure designed in the venerable style of the ubiquitous, but highly questionable, hair growth companies. He mailed it to 1,500 journalists as if they were potential clients. The brochure had “before” and “after” photos of satisfied clients, however, there were only three styles of healthy heads, all of which looked like the good doctor’s grandmother’s wigs. Also included was a questionnaire with a diagram for prospective clients to draw in their hair lines. There was also an ad made to look like it had appeared in The Village Voice (it hadn’t). The ad said, “Wanted: Healthy Scalps…” Hundreds of phone calls, letters, and faxes were logged. Widely reported in newspapers and magazines as truth, the hoax satirized the vanity and desperation associated with hair loss. When the hoax was revealed, there were many very disappointed people.^[65]

Geraldo Hoax (1991)

• Geraldo’s television show producers invited Skaggs to appear on a show about liars and scam artists. He declined, saying this was antithetical to his work. Instead, the producers aired some of Skaggs’ archival footage without him. They contacted him again and requested to follow him perpetrating a media prank to be revealed on-air. He again declined, having seen Geraldo’s effort at unearthing Al Capone’s vault (which proved to be empty).^[66] They called him a third time requesting a one-on-one interview, promising they now fully understood his work.^[67] He agreed, having decided to hoax them. When they asked him to come to the studio and bring contact information for journalists who had fallen for one of his hoaxes, he enlisted a friend, author Nancy Weber, to pose as a journalist from Associated Press. Together Skaggs and Weber fabricated an article to look like it was in the real estate section of the New York Post about artists illegally living in water towers atop buildings where they had commanding views and cheap rent. He put the fake story in his portfolio with real articles and went to the pre-interview. Thumbing through his press book, he stopped at the article suggesting that maybe Nancy Weber from AP would be willing to talk with them. They called her and she agreed. During the show, Weber, sitting in the audience, was asked what she thought of Skaggs. They expected her to say derogatory things about Skaggs. To their surprise, she said she had been angry at first about being fooled, but now thought his work should be taught in journalism school. After the show aired, Skaggs revealed the hoax in the New York Post.^{[68] [69]} Steve Powers, a reporter with Channel 5 News, did a follow-up story and tried to contact Geraldo, who was not available for comment.

Brooklyn Bridge Lottery (1992)

• On March 24, 1992, someone named "J" (a.k.a. Joey Skaggs) leaked an inter-office memorandum to the news media on official letterhead purporting to be from New York Mayor David Dinkins, announcing a lottery for the Brooklyn Bridge to help raise funds to fix its failing infrastructure.^{[70] [71]} The lottery winner would receive a million dollars, and have the bridge named after him or her for five years. After five years, there would be another lottery. If the plan worked, other prominent landmarks would soon follow. This satire played upon a long-standing tradition of huxters exploiting suckers into buying the Brooklyn Bridge.^[72] This story was covered by both print and TV news. Five years later, ironically, reality imitated art when Mayor Rudy Giuliani proposed a similar concept for real.^[73]

Portofess (1992)

• “If people can confess on Oprah, Phil and Geraldo, I don’t see why they can’t confess right here on Eighth Avenue.” So said Father Anthony Joseph (Skaggs), a Dominican priest from San Bernadino who pedaled a confessional booth mounted on the back of a tricycle to the Democratic National Convention in New York City in July of 1992. The portable confessional booth provided “religion on the move for people on the go.” As Father Joseph claimed, “The church must go where the sinners are.” Skaggs enlisted friends to enter the confessional, but real people lined up to confess as well. Portofess was widely reported on TV, radio and in hundreds of newspapers around the world. Father Joseph was featured on CNN, Fox, CBS and by scores of other news outlets including Reuters and Associated Press. ^{[74] [75] [76]}

Faith Daniels TV Hoax (1993)

• Joey Skaggs received a call from a producer friend in San Diego who had been contacted by the Faith Daniels Show to help them find couples for an episode to be titled, “Sex Tapes – Do They Work?” Skaggs agreed to appear on the show, but enlisted actors Clayton Bartner and Maria Betancourt to play him and his wife to talk about how using sex tapes had spiced up their relationship. The show sent a limousine to deliver them to the studio and they were featured sitting in the audience. After the airing, when Skaggs revealed the hoax to the media, the show producers said they had no idea who these people were; that they had just unexpectedly participated. Skaggs told the New York Daily News,^[77] “I’m trying to show that these reality shows are totally contrived. They have nothing to do with reality.’ ^{[78] [79]}

SEXONIX (1993)

• In the Fall of 1993, SEXONIX, the world’s first sexual virtual reality company, planned to exhibit their equipment and software at the Metro Toronto Christmas Gift and Invention Show at Sky-Dome. Headed by American inventor Joseph Skaggs, PhD (a.k.a. Joey Skaggs), they secured a booth and launched a public relations campaign. Canadian and American media reported with anticipation about the demonstration. During the lead up to the Canadian demonstration, Skaggs reported that all the hardware and software had been confiscated at the border by Canadian customs agents on the grounds that SEXONIX was morally offensive to the Canadian people. Skaggs posted his story to news groups on various electronic bulletin boards around the country including FidoNet, AlohaNet, and the WELL requesting help finding and retrieving the impounded equipment. This sparked a lot of concern and commentary. One WELL user, Journalist Brock Meeks, decided to investigate the story. He did exactly what Skaggs had hoped someone would do. He tried to trace the confiscation through the bureaucracy of Canadian customs. Not surprisingly, he was unable to turn up anything conclusive. People commiserated with Skaggs' plight. When investigations eventually revealed the whole thing was a hoax, many online users were upset that the sanctity of their chat spaces had been breached. Skaggs said, “Any new technology is the artist’s territory, and that means a challenge to all pre-conceived limitations.”^{[80] [81] [82]} Mark Dery, author of Escape Velocity: Cyberculture at the End of the Century, wrote in an article published by The Web Magazine, April 1997, “The Sexonix hoax is a parable for weird, wired times. By perpetrating it, Skaggs poked fun at our evangelical faith in way-new technologies. More seriously, he also encouraged us to reflect on the slippery nature of even the most basic facts online — where biography and biology can be altered with a few keystrokes, and where hoaxes, rumors, and urban myths take on an almost viral life, infecting each new wave of credulous newbies.”^[83]
• As of 1993, this is the first internet hoax ever documented.

Maqdananda Psychic Attorney (1994)

• As a satire on ambulance chasing lawyers looking for accident victims and the proliferation of ads for fortune telling psychics, Joey Skaggs wrote and produced a 30 second TV commercial in which he portrayed a psychic attorney called Maqdananda. The guru-like psychic could tell you “whether to sue or settle, whether you’d win or lose”. He offered a wide range of legal services, including psychic surgery malpractice and renegotiating contracts made during past lives. The commercial aired on CNN Headline News at the end of March throughout the Hawaiian Islands. When callers dialed the number, 1-808-UCA-DADA, the outgoing message on the answering machine said, “I knew you’d call.” ^[84]

Dog Meat Soup (1994)

• In 1994, Joey Skaggs assumed the persona of Kim Yung Soo, President of Kea So Joo, Inc. (Dog Meat Soup with alcohol, Inc.), a Korean company purportedly offering to purchase unwanted dogs for human consumption at $0.10 per pound. Skaggs sent letters in broken English to over 1,500 dog shelters across the United States, soliciting dogs for cooking and canning. The outgoing message on his answering machine, recorded in both Korean and English, featured a woman with a Korean accent and had the sound of dogs barking in the background. Although Skaggs only mailed letters to animal shelters, the recipients, outraged by the proposal, forwarded them to local media outlets. Despite Skaggs never answering his phone, numerous reporters claimed to have spoken with company representatives. Some even reported that large dogs were disappearing from the streets and that legal charges were being brought against the company. In Atlanta, a reporter warned viewers not to send money to the organization, while another confronted an Asian restaurateur with the letter, asking if he had seen it before. The public’s response mirrored the media’s bias, with numerous threats, both legal and physical, directed at the fictional Kim Yung Soo. Offers to sell dogs, often blatant attempts to entrap him, also poured in. The outrage and reactions were exactly as Skaggs had anticipated, highlighting issues of cultural bias, intolerance, and racism towards the Asian American community. His purpose was to expose the media’s and the general public’s tendency to be reactionary and thus irresponsible. Journalist John Tierney documented the entire process and published an exposé of the hoax in The New York Times Magazine on July 17, 1994.^[85] In 2003, John Stossel interviewed Skaggs for ABC TV's 20/20 program and among other topics, discussed the Dog Meat Soup hoax.https://vimeo.com/84824669

Baba Wa Simba (1995)

• In 1995, Joey Skaggs was challenged by a producer for the UK’s Channel 4 television show, “The Word,” to dupe the British media. Having previously fooled the BBC and Sky TV with his Fat Squad hoax in 1986, Skaggs accepted. He created Baba Wa Simba, a New Age therapist from Kenya whose parents were killed by lions. Baba claimed to have developed a therapy involving “roarings” to heal inner pain and was working with disenfranchised youth. The producers rented a parish hall and hired young actors to rehearse with Skaggs, who led them in roaring on all fours, eating on the floor, and cuddling like lions. The British media, including ITV Channel 3’s “London Tonight,” “Good Morning TV,” Sky TV News, the East London Advertiser, and BBC Radio, were quickly taken in. Even respected commentators, such as Brazil’s Pedro Bial of TV Globo, participated and found the sessions therapeutic. The hoax was exposed when “The Word” aired the show a week later, but no media outlet admitted to being duped. Five years later, Veja magazine interviewed Skaggs before he was scheduled to give a lecture at the Catholic University in São Paulo. When asked if he had ever hoaxed the Brazilian media, Skaggs recounted Pedro Bial’s involvement. Despite TV Globo’s denial, Skaggs played the video during his lecture, and the audience immediately recognized Bial’s voice. Veja followed up with a story correcting TV Globo’s disavowal. Baba Wa Simba was part of Skaggs’ broader efforts to critique and expose the gullibility and irresponsibility of the media. ^{[86] [87]}

The Solomon Project (1995)

• In 1995, Joseph Bonuso, Ph.D. (a.k.a. Joey Skaggs), announced that he and 150 computer scientists and attorneys specializing in artificial intelligence, had developed Solomon, a distributed program running on a set of super computers poised to radically revamp the entire American judicial system. Skaggs sent out over 3,000 press releases to elected officials, judges and law school deans, claiming that Solomon would eliminate the need for juries and radically reduce the role of judges, removing all inequity in the courtroom due to race, sex, religion, or financial standing. There would finally be equal justice that was inexpensive and quick. Dr. Bonuso then announced that he was taking Solomon on a 15-city tour to retry notable cases. O.J. Simpson had recently been acquitted, however, Bonuso sent out a third press release declaring that Solomon had found O.J. Simpson guilty. CNN was among the media that fell hook, line and sinker for this hoax, interviewing Dr. Bonuso at his computer lab and producing extensive coverage on the Solomon Project.^[88] They, and many other media outlets, had to retract the story after Skaggs put out a fourth press release with the heading, “Solomon, the Artificial Intelligence Solution to American Jurisprudence is a Hoax”. As Skaggs said at the time, “I am personally outraged by the fact that criminal and civil cases are played out before our very eyes as though they are sporting matches. The truth no longer provides the key to justice.” The Solomon Project hoax, a performance targeting the inequities in the judicial system, also offered a visionary preview of what was to come decades later with the advent of artificial intelligence and its many diverse applications.^{[89] [90]}

STOP BioPEEP (1996-1998)

• BioPEEP (Biological Protocol for Advanced Economic Production) was a top-secret multinational research initiative designed to genetically modify and irreversibly addict human beings to specific products, effectively creating “consumer junkies.” In 1997, it was weaponized by the U.S. government to pave the way for targeted gene-ocide. Entire genetic groups could be eliminated before they had a chance to retaliate. In 1998, after having worked for BioPEEP for several years in Brisbane, Australia, Joseph Howard (a.k.a. Joey Skaggs), could no longer ignore his conscience. He leaked covertly obtained photographs and stolen documents from corporate research laboratories where experiments on chickens were conducted to isolate the genes of addiction. Howard formed an organization called People for Ethical Evolutionary Practices (PEEP), and using the slogan “Prevent Experimental Eugenics on People” (PEEP), he initiated the Stop BioPEEP campaign to raise awareness about the potential dangers of the research. This led to international protests in both Australia and the United States. Although the concept of “gene-ocide” on a large scale was an imaginary conspiracy theory at that time, now, decades later, it has become plausible, evolving into a real concern. STOP BioPEEP was an intricate performance piece that highlighted numerous pressing issues that still warrant serious reflection, including corporate greed and exploitation; the unscrupulous applications of biotechnology with life-altering consequences; military use of genetic weapons for population control; and the gullibility and journalistic negligence resulting in misinformation^[91]

Doody Rudy (1999)

• To protest Mayor Rudy Giuliani’s anti-freedom-of-expression policies regarding art, as well as his autocratic and heartless “quality of life” campaign targeting the homeless and other unfortunates in the city, Joey Skaggs and a team of co-conspirators marched into Washington Square Park at noon on Saturday, December 4, 1999, toting a 10’ x 14’ painting of New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani as the Madonna, painted by artist Steve Powers.^[92] The Skaggs procession wore hats that said “Doody Rudy” and wheeled a trashcan filled with ersatz elephant dung. Two signs on 10’ polls said, “Doody Rudy with Dumbo’s Dung” and “Help Support the Homeless — $1.00 Contribution Per Throw Will be Donated to Housing Works, Inc.” It was billed as participatory performance art and hundreds of people lined up and threw fake elephant dung at the mayor’s portrait.^[93] The portrait was a reference to artist Chris Ofili’s “Holy Virgin Mary,” painted partially with elephant dung and exhibited as part of the “Sensations” exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum.^[94] The elephant dung had so offended Giuliani that he threatened to defund the Museum if they didn’t take it down. Skaggs donated all the funds he raised to Housing Works, a non-profit organization that helps homeless people with AIDS.

The Final Curtain (2000)

• The Final Curtain hoax is an elaborate Joey Skaggs media prank that takes aim at the ruthlessness of the death care industry in a satirical and ironic way. In 2000, Skaggs created a fake company called “Investors Real Estate Development” and announced plans to build a chain of theme-park cemeteries. “Death got you down? At last, an alternative.” So said the ads Skaggs placed in newspapers around the country to promote his new concept. Skaggs assembled a volunteer international team of writers, artists, and designers to create a website purporting to represent a voracious real estate development company.^[95] Skaggs responded to all media inquiries in the guise of different officers of the company. The website featured a Disney-like memorial theme park and mall with restaurants, amusements and galleries.^[96] It even had a traveling timeshare program for the dead. Artists were allotted burial sites by scholarship to design their own interactive memorials. Some of the concepts displayed on the website, which is still online at www.finalcurtain.com, include a giant Etch-a-Sketch so the artist could continue to be creative when deceased; a flashing neon sign that said “Nick is Dead”, a stairway to heaven; a jukebox with a parquet dance floor so people could dance on the artist’s grave, and more. Skaggs’ own memorial, under his alias Joseph Sullivan, featured a video camera feed to a monitor so people could watch his corpse decompose. For Skaggs, the death care industry is a giant corporate scam, exquisitely successful at commercializing death. Pre-need insurance, embalming services, open coffins, headstones, ground space, religious sanctity, and ancillary products are merchandised to con people into spending money under the premise that this is the right thing to do, either from a cultural or religious perspective. They exploit people when they are the most vulnerable. The Final Curtain was an over-the-top parody of the death care industry, designed to provoke people to rethink their feelings about life, death, and burial in a new light.^[97] The hoax was widely reported by numerous media outlets including newspapers, radio, TV, and websites, all of which believed the story to be true. Ironically, in 2009 after Michael Jackson died, numerous fans believed that, because Jackson, in speaking about his final show performances, had said “This is the final curtain call.” that he and Skaggs had colluded to fake his death.^[98] Skaggs was besieged by people begging him to reveal where Jackson was hiding, promising that if he told them, they wouldn’t tell anyone else.^[99]

Art Attack (2002)

• In February 2001, Joey Skaggs was invited by curator Jorge Luis Marzo to participate in an exhibition at the Espai D’Art Contemporani (EACC) in Castellon, Spain. The show, entitled “En el Lado de la Television” [In the Side of Television], ran from October 4 to December 1, 2002. It explored the relationships, contradictions, and paradoxes between art and the mass media. The museum, which had a marble façade, was relatively new in a region known for its marble quarries. Vandals had been defacing the museum exterior walls by ripping off its marble façade, presumably for their patios and courtyards. Skaggs’ piece, originally planned to address issues related to terrorism and mass media, was transformed due to the events of 9/11, which had given the museum pause on the subject. It became an interactive installation both inside and outside the museum, addressing the vandalism occurring at that time. He created a police barricade (with support from the city government) outside that ran the length of the museum walkway and drew chalk outlines of dead bodies on the ground. Inside the museum, he mounted a video arcade game wired to a surveillance camera outside where the vandals did the damage. The arcade game screen was projected onto a large screen for museum patrons to watch. The joy stick control on the arcade game was a 45-caliber hand gun. When the game began, the screen on the arcade game switched to the surveillance camera, and the shooter saw live video of the people outside walking past the museum. The player could shoot at people as they walked by. The shooter had 45 seconds to fire before the game ended and their aggression score appeared. The people in the street heard the gun fire through concealed speakers, not knowing where it was coming from. Every three minutes, they also heard a loud speaker announcement repeated in several languages: “Attention, attention. You are in an Art Attack Zone. Desecrators of this building and art will be shot. Survivors will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law.” Art Attack continues Skaggs’ tradition of using art to challenge societal norms and provoke thought. The installation highlighted the detachment of the general public from the realities of terrorism and war, peoples’ fascination with voyeurism, and what that means regarding their inherent sense of humanitarianism, and the entertainment value of violence.^[100]

Bush! (2004)

• In 2004, Joey Skaggs orchestrated a satirical Independence Day parade called “Bush!” to express outrage over the direction the country had taken under President George W. Bush’s leadership. The event took place in New York City’s Washington Square Park on July 4th. It featured a replica of the White House mounted on the back of a tricycle, pedaled by Uncle Sam (Joey Skaggs). There were over 75 participants, including singers, cheerleaders, marching band members, flag bearers, and Secret Service operatives. A large jeering crowd gathered at the Washington Square Arch as Uncle Sam opened the White House door to reveal President George W. Bush sitting on a five-gallon bucket with a label that said “Presidential Fertilizer -- From My Rose Garden to Yours.” He was wiping himself with hundred-dollar bills. Dressed in a cowboy outfit, he had six-shooters and a 10-gallon hat. He was surrounded by his favorite war toys as well as the Constitution, which he was in the process of rewriting. The jeers turned to cheers when actors dressed as Bush’s Cabinet members and friends from the Saudi Royal Family handed out $20 bills to “purchase” votes. Uncle Sam urged the crowd to express their rights while they still had them, to ensure that the government truly represents the will of the people. He counseled the spectators to hold their leaders accountable or vote them out.^{[101] [102]}

Bullshit Detector Watch (2006)

• In 2006, Joey Skaggs launched the Universal Bullshit Detector Watch, a satirical wristwatch designed to help people make humorous social commentary. It’s a non-partisan and non-sectarian tool to combat spin, hype, propaganda, and general bullshit. With the push of a button, the watch flashes, moos, and “poops,” making it a playful tool for calling out nonsense. Despite its humorous features, it also functions as a regular timepiece. Skaggs created the watch as a response to the overwhelming amount of misinformation and “bullshit” in everyday life. It serves as a reminder to question and critically evaluate the information we encounter. The watch’s design includes a red face with a graphic of a bull, and it comes with a black PVC strap. The back of the watch is etched with Joey Skaggs’ signature, adding a personal touch from the artist himself.^{[103] [104]}

Mobile Homeless Homes (2012)

• In 2012, Joey Skaggs introduced the Mobile Homeless Homes project as a satirical response to the housing crisis caused by the Great Recession of 2008. The project featured a “Trojan house” in the form of live-in garbage cans connected together and mounted on a trailer, which was pulled by a tricycle. This mobile home was designed to blend into urban environments and evade detection by authorities. Skaggs’ Mobile Homeless Homes aimed to draw attention to the plight of millions of Americans who lost their homes due to the banking crisis and government deregulation. The project highlighted the absurdity of the situation and the need for systemic change. To further emphasize the message, Skaggs organized a parade to Goldman Sachs, one of the companies he held responsible for the housing crisis. Because Goldman Sachs employees are reported to have referred to clients who lost their homes as “Muppets,” the parade included costumed “homeless muppets” and a band performing a song called “Mobile Homeless Blues.”^{[105] [106] [107]}

Santa’s Missile Tow (2012)

• In 2012, Joey Skaggs orchestrated a satirical protest called “Santa’s Missile Tow.” Dressed as Santa Claus, Skaggs rode a tricycle equipped with a nuclear missile on a slingshot launcher to the United Nations in New York City. Accompanied by six performance artists dressed as elves, he delivered a message to world leaders: “Peace on Earth – Or Else.” The event was a humorous yet pointed critique of the global arms race and the threat of nuclear war. Skaggs and his “elves” sang a parody of “Jingle Bells” with lyrics highlighting the absurdity of nuclear holocaust. The protest aimed to draw attention to the dangers of nuclear proliferation and the need for disarmament.^{[108] [109]}

Bigfoot & The Tiny Top Circus (2014)

• Bigfoot, the world's most elusive and terrifying creature, was captured by Peppe Scaggolini (Joey Skaggs), owner and promoter of the Tiny Top Circus, the world’s smallest traveling pataphysical circus. Bigfoot was put on display in New York City's Washington Square Park on June 14, 2014. His custom-made cage was towed by a tricycle pedaled by the worlds’ strongest man. The event featured a circus ringmaster, armed guards, the Coney Island Sideshow Band, jugglers, and sword swallowers. A crowd of adults and children lined up to get a peek at Bigfoot, but the creature (Joey Skaggs dressed literally as a big foot) made a daring escape and disappeared into the West Fourth Street subway station. The circus offered a $10 million reward for the safe return of the beast. Thus far, it has alluded capture.^{[110] [111] [112]}

Trump's Golden Throne (2017)

• For New York City's 32nd annual April Fools' Day Parade, Joey Skaggs, after promoting non-existent parade for 31 years, finally orchestrated an actual one. He held a “Trumpathon,” the world's largest gathering of Trump look-alikes. Together, they paraded a golden outhouse, featuring an effigy of President Donald Trump tweeting on his phone while seated on his throne, to Trump Tower on 5th Avenue.^{[113] [114] [115] [116]}

See also

• Alfred Jarry
• Jonathan Swift, or A Modest Proposal
• Mark Twain
• H. L. Mencken
• P. T. Barnum
• Marcel Duchamp
• Improvisation
• Pataphysics

External links

• • The Art of the Prank
• RE/Search Interview with Joey Skaggs

Notes and References

1. Book: Yapp, Nick . Great hoaxes of the world : and the hoaxers behind them . Robson Books . 1995 . 9780860519683 . London . 42, 168, 218.
2. Book: Marzo, Jorge Luis . En el lado de la televisión . Espai d'Art Contemporani de Castelló . 2002 . 9788448232429 . 27 . Spanish . On the TV side.
3. Book: Kitty, Alexandria . Don't Believe It!: How Lies Become News . Disinformation . 2005 . 9781932857061.
4. Book: DeLaure, Marilyn . Culture Jamming and the Art of Cultural Resistance . NYU Press . 9781479806201 . February 28, 2017.
5. Book: Rudolf, Ake . Urban Guerrilla Protest . Mark Batty Publisher . 2008 . 9780979048692.
6. Book: Gourley, Catherine . Media Wizards: A Behind-the-scene Look at Media Manipulations . Twenty-First Century Press . 1999 . 9780761309673.
7. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Joey Skaggs Oral Histories . Joey Skaggs.
8. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Joey Skaggs Presentations . Joey Skaggs.
9. Web site: Wien . Gary . January 21, 2017 . An Interview With Joey Skaggs . New Jersey Stage.
10. Web site: Brinton . Jessica . March 13, 2013 . Joey Skaggs - the most notorious socio-political satirist talks to Jessie Brinton . Run Riot!.
11. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . November 29, 2016 . Fake News: The Relentless Pursuit of Mind Control . HuffPost.
12. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . October 10, 2017 . Roach Vitamins Hailed as Miracle Drug. Bon Appétit! . HuffPost.
13. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Manifesto . Joey Skaggs.
14. Web site: Nigrin . Al . February 10, 2021 . Joey Skaggs: Satire and Art Activism 1960s to the Present and Beyond New Jersey Film Festival Video Q+A . New Jersey Stage.
15. Razi Syed, The Art of the Prank Unmasks Joey Skaggs, Father of Fake News, in www.BedfordandBowery.com, Sept.28, 2017
16. Web site: Weisblum . Vida . June 8, 2016 . Watch Out, New York City: Hoax Master Joey Skaggs Is in Town . Observer.
17. Web site: Roth-Rose . Spencer . June 13, 2016 . If You’re Reading This, You’ve Already Been Conned: Joey Skaggs Doc Premieres in LES . Observer.
18. Web site: Froelich . Brinley . January 24, 2016 . Slamdance Film Review: Art of the Prank . Slug Mag.
19. Justin Almodovar, Joey Skaggs: Fish Condos screens at the Spring 2022 New Jersey Film Festival on February 11, in newjerseystage.com, Feb.10, 2022
20. News: Calvary Again . 10 . The East Village Other . April 15, 1966.
21. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Crucifixion . Joey Skaggs.
22. News: Smith . Howard . September 1968 . Bus Tour Announcement . Village Voice.
23. News: Modzelewski . Joseph . September 23, 1968 . Hippies’ Trip to Queens . New York Daily News . 30.
24. News: September 23, 1968 . 60 Hippies in a Bus See the Sights of Quaint Queens . The New York Times . 24.
25. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . September 19, 2018 . When Pranks Become Works of Art . Artsy.
26. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Hippie Bus Tour . Joey Skaggs.
27. News: December 26, 1968 . Yippie 'Nativity Scene' Leads to Tickets for Littering . New York Times . 66.
28. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Vietnamese Christmas Nativity Burning . Joey Skaggs.
29. News: Latimer . DA . January 10, 1969 . Cops Invade Hippie Religious Sex Rites . East Village Other . 3,15.
30. Book: Hoaxes and deceptions . 1991 . Time-Life Books . Alexandria, Va . 9780809477159 . 82-83 .
31. Book: Wang . Wallace . Steal This Computer Book 4.0: What They Won't Tell You About the Internet . 2006 . No Starch Press . 1593273436 .
32. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Cathouse for Dogs . Joey Skaggs.
33. Book: Plotz . David . The Genius Factory: The Curious History of the Nobel Prize Sperm Bank . 2006 . Random House Trade Paperbacks . 9780812970524 .
34. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Celebrity Sperm Bank . Joey Skaggs.
35. News: Medina . David . Wall Street meets a man with polish . Daily News . Daily News . May 17, 1979.
36. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Wall Street Shoeshine . Joey Skaggs . 10 January 2014.
37. Book: Boese . Alex . The Museum of Hoaxes: A History of Outrageous Pranks and Deceptions . 2003 . Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated . 9780452284654 . 169-170 .
38. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Metamorphosis, Cockroach Miracle Cure . Joey Skaggs.
39. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Gypsy Moth Protest . Joey Skaggs.
40. News: Haberman . Clyde . Cloudy Crystal Ball For Gypsy Rights Group . The New York Times . The New York Times . July 2, 1982.
41. News: Imbler . Sabrina . This Moth’s Name Is a Slur. Scientists Won’t Use It Anymore. . The New York Times . 9 July 2021.
42. News: Ho . Ray . January 18, 1983 . 3 to make ready . Garden Island News . 5.
43. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Windsurfing from Hawaii to California . live . Joey Skaggs.
44. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Fish Condos . live . Joey Skaggs.
45. Book: Hoaxes and Deceptions . 1991 . Time-Life Books . 9780809477159.
46. 1996 . The Age of Aquariums . Neiman Marcus: the 1996 Christmas Catalog . 1996.
47. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . October 17, 2010 . Verne “Bulldog” Williams (1935-2010), RIP . live . Art of the Prank.
48. Web site: Verne Williams . live . IMDb.
49. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Bad Guys Talent Agency . live . Joey Skaggs.
50. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . WALK RIGHT! . live . Joey Skaggs.
51. News: Rutherford . Glenn . December 16, 1984 . Your leg is being pulled if you WALK RIGHT! . The Courier-Journal . B 14.
52. Book: Boese, Alex . The Museum of Hoaxes: A History of Outrageous Pranks and Deceptions . Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated . 2003 . 9780452284654 . 169-170.
53. News: Pfeiffer . Robert . May 2, 1986 . Policing the Pounds . The Washington Post.
54. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Fat Squad . live . Joey Skaggs.
55. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . April Fools' Day Parade . Joey Skaggs.
56. News: Levine . Alexandria . April 1, 2016 . New York Today: A Fools' Parade . The New York Times.
57. Web site: March 30, 2023 . New York April Fool's Day Parade . live . TimeOut.
58. Web site: Martínez . Demófila . Platypus . Luis . October 26, 2019 . Joey Skaggs: Fool is a fool, no matter what their political leaning is. . Homo Velamine.
59. News: Lindsay . Robert . April 6, 1982 . RESENTMENT OF JAPANESE IS GROWING, POLL SHOWS . live . The New York Times . B 12.
60. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Save the Geoduck . Joey Skaggs.
61. News: Wulff . Stan . Robinson . Terri . December 18, 1990 . Exposed! Con man gets rude awakening when GLOBE busts dream vacation scam . Globe.
62. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Comacocoon . Joey Skaggs.
63. Web site: Martínez . Demófila . Platypus . Luis . October 26, 2019 . Joey Skaggs: Fool is a fool, no matter what their political leaning is. . Homo Velamine.
64. News: Harper . Jennifer . December 25, 1997 . 40 Million U.S. Men Deal with Baldness: Some Proud of the ‘Chrome Domes’ . The Washington Times.
65. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Hair Today, Ltd. . Joey Skaggs.
66. Web site: Murray . Noel . October 25, 2016 . When Geraldo Rivera opened Al Capone’s vault, he turned nothing into ratings . AV Club.
67. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Geraldo Hoax . Joey Skaggs.
68. News: Greppi . Michele . June 24, 1991 . Program on scams is hoaxed . New York Post . 57.
69. Web site: Pescovitz . David . February 20, 2007 . Joey Skaggs speaking in Los Angeles tonight . Boing Boing.
70. Web site: Frishberg . Hannah . June 28, 2016 . And If You Believe That, I Have a Bridge to Sell You: The Men Who Sold the Brooklyn Bridge . Brownstoner.
71. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . February 28, 2015 . WPIX report on Joey Skaggs’ Brooklyn Bridge Hoax, March 31, 1992 . vimeo.
72. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Brooklyn Bridge Lottery . Joey Skaggs.
73. News: Johnson . Richard . December 29, 1997 . “Rudy plan a deja vu from the bridge.” . New York Post . 6.
74. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Portofess . Joey Skaggs.
75. Web site: Enright . Joe . February 10, 2021 . Joey Skaggs . Joe Enright's Stuff.
76. Web site: Laskow . Sarah . July 14, 2017 . The Story of the ‘Portofess,’ the Prank Confessional Booth at the 1992 Democratic Convention . Atlas Obscura.
77. News: Johnson . Richard . January 27, 1993 . Her Faith misplaced . New York Post.
78. Book: Vale, V. . Pranks 2: 1,421 New Fun Ideas! . RE/Search Publications . 2006 . 9781889307084 . 171-183.
79. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Faith Daniels TV Hoax . Joey Skaggs.
80. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . SEXONIX . Joey Skaggs.
81. News: Strom . David . November 15, 1993 . Buyer be ware of on-line spout of true news and real fiction . Info World . 118.
82. Strom . David . February 9, 1994 . The Sexonix BUST . Wired . 31.
83. Dery . Mark . April 1997 . Tales of the Disinformation Highway . THE WEB Magazine . April . 22-24.
84. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Maqdananda, Psychic Attorney . Joey Skaggs.
85. John Tierney, The Big wasCity: Falling For It, in The New York Times Magazine, July 17, 1994, p.16
86. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Baba Wa Simba . Joey Skaggs.
87. Book: Todd, Charlie . Causing a Scene: Extraordinary Pranks in Ordinary Places with Improv Everywhere . HarperCollins . 2009 . 9780061876530.
88. News: Negroni . Christine . December 30, 1995 . Virtual juries use 'fuzzy logic' to render verdicts . CNN.
89. St. John Warren, The talk of the town Jury tampering, in The New Yorker, Feb.5, 1996, pp.24–5
90. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Solomon Project . Joey Skaggs.
91. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Stop BioPEEP . Joey Skaggs.
92. News: Anderson . Lincoln . December 8, 1999 . Weekend of protests over Mayor Giuliani’s homeless policies . The Villager . 1,8.
93. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Doody Rudy . Joey Skaggs.
94. Web site: Ingram . Sarah . August 24, 2018 . Chris Ofili Artist Overview and Analysis . The Art Story.
95. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Final Curtain . Joey Skaggs.
96. Web site: Stark . Jeff . May 31, 2000 . Stupid death tricks . Salon.
97. Book: Eggers, David . McSweeney's 8 . Maliszewski . Paul . January 1, 2002 . McSweeney's . 978-0971904712 . 289-299.
98. Web site: Jean . Diana . November 29, 2009 . Joey Skaggs "The Final Curtain" . BlogSpot.
99. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . November 10, 2009 . Joey Skaggs has received numerous inquiries... . Facebook.
100. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Art Attack . Joey Skaggs.
101. Web site: amNY . July 13, 2004 . Bush whacking in Washington Sq. on the Fourth . amNY.
102. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Bush! . Joey Skaggs.
103. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Bullshit Detector Watch . Joey Skaggs.
104. Web site: Frauenfelder . Mark . February 19, 2007 . Universal Bullshit Detector Watch by Joey Skaggs . boing boing.
105. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Mobile Homeless Homes . Joey Skaggs.
106. Web site: Beale . Scott . April 21, 2012 . Mobile Homeless Homes, A Trojan House & Outraged Homeless Muppets Are Planning To Converge on Goldman Sachs . Laughing Squid.
107. Web site: Cellania . Miss . Muppets Revenge! . Neatorama.
108. Web site: McLaughlin . Michael . November 14, 2012 . 'Santa Claus' At United Nations: Prankster Joey Skaggs Demands Nuclear Disarmament . Huffpost.
109. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Santa's Missile Tow . Joey Skaggs.
110. Lee Speigel, Bigfoot Unveiling Turns Into Huge Toe Job, in Huffington Post, June 7, 2014
111. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Bigfoot-Tiny Top Circus . Joey Skaggs.
112. Web site: Dicker . Ron . December 6, 2017 . Definitely Real 'Captured Bigfoot' Exhibit Coming To NYC . Huffpost.
113. Lincoln Anderson, Scoopy's Notebook, Week of April 6, in The Villager, April 6, 2017
114. Web site: Skaggs . Joey . Trump's Golden Throne . Joey Skaggs.
115. Web site: AFP . April 2, 2017 . April Fool’s marchers in NY elect Trump as their ‘king’ . The Times of Israel.
116. Web site: Danner . Chas . April 1, 2017 . New York City Has Been Free of Donald Trump for More Than 70 Days . https://web.archive.org/web/20240724202906/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2017/04/nyc-has-been-free-of-donald-trump-for-more-than-70-days.html . July 24, 2024 . Intelligencer.