Jo Ann Hardesty Explained

Jo Ann Hardesty
Office:Portland City Commissioner
Term Start:January 1, 2019
Term End:December 31, 2022
Predecessor:Dan Saltzman
Successor:Rene Gonzalez
State House2:Oregon
District2:19th
Term Start2:January 1995
Term End2:February 2001
Predecessor2:Avel Gordly
Successor2:Jackie Dingfelder
Birth Date:15 October 1957
Birth Place:Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.[1]
Party:Democratic
Residence:Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Education:Baltimore City Community College (AA)
Website:Joann for Portland
Signature:Jo Ann Hardesty Signature.png

Jo Ann A. Hardesty (formerly Bowman,[2] [3] born October 15, 1957) is an American Democratic politician in the U.S. state of Oregon who served as a Portland City commissioner from 2019 to 2022. She previously served in the Oregon House of Representatives from 1995 until 2001.

Hardesty was the first African American woman and first minority woman to serve on the council. A longtime activist for racial justice and other progressive policy issues, she is well known as an advocate for police reform and defunding. In 2021, Portland Police Bureau's internal investigation concluded their officers leaked a false accusation that she was responsible for a hit and run in an act of retaliation. Hardesty faced several controversies during her tenure in office, such as her handling of personal credit card debt, vacation time, and placing a call to 9-1-1 over a dispute with a Lyft driver.

Hardesty stood for the November 2022 election runoff to serve a second term, but lost the seat to challenger Rene Gonzalez.

Early life and education

Hardesty was born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland as one of 10 children born to her longshoreman father and stay-at-home mother.[4] She graduated from Edmondson-Westside High School and earned an Associate of Arts degree in business and accounting from the Baltimore City Community College.[5] [6]

Career

After graduating from high school, Hardesty joined the United States Navy. She served for six years and was stationed in the Philippines.

After leaving the Navy, Hardesty settled in Portland, Oregon. She was elected to the Oregon House in 1994, holding office until 2001, when she resigned to unsuccessfully run for chair of the Multnomah County Board of Commissioners. She later served as executive director of Oregon Action, and became president of the Portland chapter of the NAACP in January 2015.[7] [8] Oregon Public Broadcasting reported Hardesty and the NAACP chapter did not report her income to the IRS or pay taxes on it, which Hardesty then amended.[9]

In 2007 Hardesty began hosting "Voices from the Edge," a progressive talk radio program on KBOO, a community radio station in Portland. The call-in show addresses racial disparity, government accountability, environmental justice and politics on local, state and national levels.[10] Hardesty suspended the show during her 2018 campaign to avoid violating the FCC's Equal-time rule, then resumed the show in March 2019.[11]

Portland City Commissioner

2018 race

Hardesty ran for Portland City Council in 2018, for the open seat being vacated by the retiring Dan Saltzman.[12] The alternative newspaper Willamette Week endorsed Hardesty, stating she was the "best person for the job."[13] She was also endorsed by AFSCME Local 189, the local branch of the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees.[14] During the race, Hardesty called her top two running-mates "idiots" for their suggestion the unused Wapato Corrections Facility be utilized to house homeless residents.[15] It is now used as a homeless shelter. Hardesty won the race, against Multnomah County Commissioner Loretta Smith; the final tally showed her receiving 61.8% of the votes cast.[16] [17] [18]

Commissioner term

Hardesty was sworn in as a city commissioner on January 2, 2019.[19] [20] She is the first Black woman and first minority woman to serve on the council.[21] She is highly critical of the Portland Police Bureau.[22] Oregon Public Broadcasting describes Hardesty as "one of the city's most vocal police critic".[23] In 2020, Hardesty voted to cut $18 million in funding from the Portland Police Bureau budget. The vote failed 3–2.[24] [25]

As acting Fire Commissioner, Hardesty was criticized for her month-long vacation in August 2021, which coincides with peak fire season in the region. "That means she will not be available for feedback, council or check-ins. We do not make exceptions for this," announced her chief of staff of the move. This was the first time in over twenty years that a city commissioner took a full month away from the position.[26]

2022 race

Hardesty ran for reelection to City Council on the 2022 ballot.[27] Hardesty was the first of the three frontrunners for the position who hit her limit on fundraising caps.[28] Oregon Public Broadcasting reported over a dozen "union and left-leaning advocacy groups" had endorsed Hardesty as of April 2022, as well as U.S. Senator Jeff Merkley and U.S. Representative Earl Blumenauer, both from Oregon, and Multnomah County District Attorney Mike Schmidt.[29] Willamette Week also endorsed Hardesty for the second time, an endorsement which the newspaper's editorial department stated was met with "frustration and scorn" from readers and respondents.[30] Hardesty placed first in the primary with 44% of the vote.[31]

Having received less than 50% of the vote, she advanced to a runoff in the November 2022 general election.[32] Portland Firefighters Association announced in September 2022 that it was not endorsing Hardesty who was assigned to manage Portland Fire & Rescue. The union announced it is instead endorsing her opponent Rene Gonzalez.[33] In October 2022, Willamette Week withdrew their May support for Hardesty stating "Hardesty has proven unwilling or unable to make a compromise with those who disagree with her, and that's why we're withdrawing our May endorsement" and changed their endorsement to her opponent Rene Gonzalez.[34] While the election results had not been officially certified, The Oregonian announced Gonzalez had won by early November 9, saying he had "soundly defeated" Hardesty.[35] She conceded the race later that day.[36]

Personal life

Hardesty was married to Skip Elliott Bowman in 1995; they divorced in 2008. By 2014, she was married to Roger Hardesty.[37]

In November 2020, Hardesty called 9-1-1 during a dispute with a Lyft driver. The driver had refused to roll up a window, citing Lyft's pandemic air circulation recommendations. Hardesty was picked up from Ilani Casino Resort, and was about to be unexpectedly dropped off at a closing filling station along I-5 when she called 911 to report safety concerns about being about to be left alone on the side of the road in the dark, telling the dispatcher, "Well, I've got a Lyft driver that decided he would just drop me off at a filling station. Well, I'm not getting out of the car, in the dark, at a filling station, not happening - all because I asked him to put the window up. I'm not leaving."[38] [39] [40] The event drew national attention.[41]

Hardesty was erroneously accused of a hit and run in 2021.[42] An internal investigation at the Portland Police Bureau found that there was no evidence behind the claims, and that the report claiming the incident was fabricated and disseminated to news outlets by three PPB officers, one of whom was acting as union president at the time. Hardesty has since filed a $3 million lawsuit against the Portland Police Association.[43] The Portland Police Bureau confirmed in a letter to Hardesty that the officers' actions were an act of retaliation.[44] Additionally, as a result of an internal affairs investigation, two of the officers involved received formal disciplinary action, and the former union president was fired by Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler.[45]

In March 2022, Hardesty failed to appear in Multnomah County Circuit Court relating to $16,000 in unpaid credit card debt she had accumulated. The debt was accumulated between two credit card accounts through the Bank of America.[46] The judge ordered her to pay the full amount.[47] Hardesty resolved a case with an unknown creditor for $4,400 in unpaid debt in the past.[48]

In September 2023, Hardesty settled with the Portland Police Union with Hardesty receiving $680,000 over the claim two police officers who leaked information implicating Hardesty as a hit and run suspect. The police union's insurance carrier decided to offer a settlement.[49]

External links

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Notes and References

  1. Web site: Jo Ann Bowman's Biography. Project VoteSmart. August 29, 2016. September 15, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160915205616/http://votesmart.org/candidate/biography/10808/jo-ann-bowman#.V8TeFGXotLg. live.
  2. News: Aguirre . Richard R. . Representative Says Goodbye . August 7, 2022 . . March 16, 2001 . 19 . August 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220807221920/https://www.newspapers.com/image/202348507/?terms=%22Skip%20bowman%22%20jo%20ann&match=1 . live .
  3. News: Bundick . Nick . Feud erupts over activism style . August 7, 2022 . Pamplin Media Group . October 13, 2016 . Jo Ann Hardesty, formerly Jo Ann Bowman, served as an aide to former Multnomah County Chair Bev Stein before winning a House seat . August 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220807222241/https://pamplinmedia.com/pt/9-news/326950-206081-feud-erupts-over-activism-style?wallit_nosession=1 . live .
  4. News: Stevens . Suzanne . City Commissioner Jo Ann Hardesty on sailing the world and the rewards of laughter . August 2, 2022 . . October 3, 2019 . August 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220803041619/https://www.bizjournals.com/portland/news/2019/10/03/city-commissioner-jo-ann-hardesty-on-sailing-the.html . live .
  5. News: Parks . Casey . Portland NAACP president says organization needs white members: 'It's a matter of survival' . 19 January 2019 . . June 19, 2015 . 20 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190120043128/https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2015/06/portland_naacp_jo_ann_hardesty.html . live .
  6. Web site: Candidate's Statement for County Voters' Pamphlet. live. multco. 2021-06-04. 2021-06-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20210604222919/https://multco-web7-psh-files-usw2.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/portland_comm_3_jo_ann_hardesty.pdf.
  7. Web site: Joann Bowman Resigns from Oregon Action. The Skanner. April 20, 2010. August 29, 2016. September 11, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160911083434/http://www.theskanner.com/news/northwest/8-news/7106-joann-bowman-resigns-from-oregon-action-2010-04-20. live.
  8. Web site: New NAACP President JoAnn Hardesty on Civil Rights Now. Smith, Donovan L.. The Skanner. January 20, 2015. August 29, 2016. September 11, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160911091833/http://www.theskanner.com/news/northwest/22318-new-president-joann-hardesty-on-civil-rights-now. live.
  9. News: Templeton . Amelia . Jo Ann Hardesty Resurrected Local NAACP, With Scant Attention To Fiscal Oversight . May 2, 2022 . Oregon Public Broadcasting . September 17, 2018 . April 19, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220419000445/https://www.opb.org/news/article/oregon-portland-jo-ann-hardesty-naacp-city-council-candidate-fiscal-oversight/ . live .
  10. Web site: Voices from the Edge. KBOO. September 1, 2018. 2007-03-17. 2018-09-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20180901215847/https://kboo.org/program/voices-edge?page=57. live.
  11. News: Redden . Jim . March 7, 2019 . Sources: Hardesty returns to KBOO Thursday mornings . . Pamplin Media Group . subscription . August 7, 2022 . August 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220807213045/https://pamplinmedia.com/pt/9-news/421736-325871-sources-hardesty-returns-to-kboo-thursday-mornings . live .
  12. Web site: Jo Ann Hardesty, Former Legislator and Head of NAACP Portland, Running for City Council Seat. Rachel. Monahan. Willamette Week. August 4, 2017. November 7, 2017. November 8, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171108100300/http://www.wweek.com/news/city/2017/08/04/jo-ann-hardesty-former-legislator-and-head-of-naacp-portland-running-for-city-council-seat/. live.
  13. News: WW's May 2018 Portland City Council Endorsements . May 16, 2022 . . April 25, 2018 . May 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220516233006/https://www.wweek.com/news/2018/04/25/jo-ann-hardesty-says-shes-the-angry-black-woman-portland-city-council-needs-we-agree/ . live .
  14. News: Friedman . Gordon R. . Jo Ann Hardesty gets Portland City Council endorsement from key union . May 16, 2022 . The Oregonian/Oregon Live . July 12, 2018 . May 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220516233238/https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2018/07/jo_ann_hardesty_gets_portland.html . live .
  15. News: Monahan . Rachel . City Council Candidate Jo Ann Hardesty Says "Idiots" Are Seeking to House Homeless People at the Unused Wapato Jail . May 16, 2022 . Willamette Week. April 2, 2018 . May 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220516233602/https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2018/04/02/city-council-candidate-jo-ann-hardesty-says-idiots-are-seeking-to-house-homeless-people-at-the-unused-wapato-jail/ . live .
  16. News: Monahan . Rachel . Shepherd . Katie . November 6, 2018 . Jo Ann Hardesty Is the First Black Woman Elected to Portland City Council . . live . November 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190414040018/https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2018/11/06/jo-ann-hardesty-is-the-first-black-woman-elected-to-portland-city-council/ . April 14, 2019.
  17. News: Templeton . Amelia . November 6, 2018 . Portland Voters Elect Hardesty As 1st Woman Of Color To City Council . . live . November 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181107185345/https://www.opb.org/news/article/2018-portland-oregon-city-council-election-result/ . November 7, 2018.
  18. Web site: Jo Ann Hardesty . 2022-03-10 . Ballotpedia . en . 2022-03-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220310015513/https://ballotpedia.org/Jo_Ann_Hardesty . live .
  19. News: Monahan. Rachel. Jo Ann Hardesty Officially Becomes the First African-American Woman to Serve on Portland City Council. Willamette Week. January 2, 2019. January 6, 2019. January 6, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190106153928/https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2019/01/02/jo-ann-hardesty-officially-becomes-the-first-african-american-woman-to-serve-on-portland-city-council/. live.
  20. News: Friedman. Gordon. Jo Ann Hardesty sworn in to city council, cementing Portland's liberal legacy. The Oregonian. January 2, 2019. January 6, 2019. January 6, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190106153545/https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2019/01/jo-ann-hardesty-sworn-in-to-city-council-cementing-portlands-liberal-legacy.html. live.
  21. News: Templeton . Amelia . Portland Voters Elect Hardesty As 1st Woman Of Color To City Council . May 16, 2022 . . November 6, 2018 . November 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181107185345/https://www.opb.org/news/article/2018-portland-oregon-city-council-election-result/ . live .
  22. Web site: May 19, 2022 . Hardesty heads to runoff in Portland City Council race, will face Gonzalez or Mozyrsky . 2022-08-07 . . en-US . 2022-07-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220705214523/https://www.koin.com/news/politics/hardesty-heads-to-runoff-in-portland-city-council-race-will-face-gonzalez-or-mozyrsky/ . live .
  23. Web site: Portland fire union declines to endorse bureau's boss, Commissioner Jo Ann Hardesty . August 7, 2022 . . en . May 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220516225033/https://www.opb.org/article/2022/05/03/portland-fire-union-declines-endorsement-of-their-boss-jo-ann-hardesty/ . live .
  24. News: Jaquiss . Nigel . Nigel Jaquiss. Portland City Council Rejects Commissioner Hardesty's $18 Million Police Cut . 2 June 2021 . . 5 November 2020 . 2 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220055/https://www.wweek.com/news/2020/11/05/portland-city-council-rejects-commissioner-hardestys-18-million-police-cut/ . live .
  25. Web site: Proposal to further cut Portland Police Bureau budget fails. OPB. November 5, 2020. November 12, 2020. November 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201112043323/https://www.opb.org/article/2020/11/05/police-budget-defund-portland-vote/. live.
  26. Web site: Portland Commissioner Jo Ann Hardesty Will Take August Off. Monahan. Rachel. July 2, 2021. Willamette Week. en. August 3, 2022. May 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220519150234/https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/07/02/portland-commissioner-jo-ann-hardesty-will-take-august-off/. live.
  27. News: Kavanaugh . Shane Dixon . Portland police union backs Rene Gonzalez in race to unseat Commissioner Jo Ann Hardesty . May 16, 2022 . . April 25, 2022 . May 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220516230957/https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2022/04/portland-police-union-backs-rene-gonzalez-in-race-to-unseat-commissioner-jo-ann-hardesty.html . live .
  28. News: Ellis . Rebecca . Rich donors take major advantage of a loophole in Portland's public campaign financing system . May 16, 2022 . . May 12, 2022 . May 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220516231341/https://www.opb.org/article/2022/05/12/portland-united-political-action-committee-campaign-finance-city-council/ . live .
  29. News: Ellis . Rebecca . Portland Commissioner Jo Ann Hardesty faces two challenges from the center . May 2, 2022 . . April 28, 2022 . April 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220429160934/https://www.opb.org/article/2022/04/28/portland-commissioner-jo-ann-hardesty-two-challenges-from-center-primary/ . live .
  30. News: Readers Respond to Our Endorsement of Jo Ann Hardesty . May 16, 2022 . . May 9, 2022 . May 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220516225429/https://www.wweek.com/news/2022/05/09/readers-respond-to-our-endorsement-of-jo-ann-hardesty/ . live .
  31. News: Kavanaugh . Shane Dixon . May 20, 2022 . Which Portland neighborhoods voted for Jo Ann Hardesty and Rene Gonzalez: Interactive map . . live . May 23, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220522084108/https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2022/05/which-portland-neighborhoods-voted-for-jo-ann-hardesty-and-rene-gonzalez-interactive-map.html . May 22, 2022.
  32. News: Ellis . Rebecca . Portland Commissioner Jo Ann Hardesty appears headed to a runoff against 1 of 2 centrist challengers . May 18, 2022 . . May 17, 2022 . May 18, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220518032416/https://www.opb.org/article/2022/05/17/portland-city-council-auditor-may-2022-election/ . live .
  33. Web site: 2022-09-14 . Portland firefighters, police back Hardesty's opponent for commissioner . 2022-10-30 . KOIN.com . en-US . 2022-10-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221030210916/https://www.koin.com/news/politics/portland-fire-rescue-backs-hardestys-opponent-for-commissioner/ . live .
  34. Web site: WW's General Election 2022 Endorsements: Portland City Hall . 2022-11-06 . Willamette Week . en . 2022-11-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221106050528/https://www.wweek.com/news/2022/10/19/wws-general-election-2022-endorsements-portland-city-hall/ . live .
  35. News: Dixon Kavanaugh . Shane . Rene Gonzalez, with law-and-order focus, ousts Portland Commissioner Jo Ann Hardesty in contentious City Council race . November 9, 2022 . The Oregonian . November 9, 2022 . Portland businessman and political newcomer Rene Gonzalez soundly defeated incumbent City Council member Jo Ann Hardesty in a bruising race that offered striking contrasts in track records and policy and competing visions for how to best bring the city's multiple crises under control. . November 9, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221109160659/https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2022/11/rene-gonzalez-with-law-and-order-focus-ousts-portland-commissioner-jo-ann-hardesty-in-contentious-city-council-race.html . live .
  36. News: Peel . Sophie . City Commissioner Jo Ann Hardesty Concedes to Rene Gonzalez . November 10, 2022 . Willamette Week . November 9, 2022 . November 9, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221109232256/https://www.wweek.com/news/2022/11/09/city-commissioner-jo-ann-hardesty-concedes-to-rene-gonzalez/ . live .
  37. News: Theriault . Denis C. . New Timeline to Hire Federal Police Reform Monitor: Sometime in August . August 7, 2022 . . June 16, 2014 . Citing my column, Hardesty on Monday week wrote a stinging open letter to city council about the lag. She and her husband, Roger Hardesty, also held forth on their consulting firm's Facebook page. . August 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220807225713/https://www.portlandmercury.com/news/2014/06/16/12731137/new-timeline-to-hire-federal-police-reform-monitor-sometime-in-august . live .
  38. News: Bernstein . Maxine . Jo Ann Hardesty, Portland city commissioner, calls 911, refuses to get out of Lyft car after driver cancels ride . 2 June 2021 . Oregon Live . 2020-11-10 . en . 2021-06-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214624/https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2020/11/portland-city-commissioner-jo-ann-hardesty-calls-911-refuses-to-get-out-of-lyft-car-after-driver-cancels-ride.html . live .
  39. News: November 10, 2020 . Hardesty, Lyft driver each call 911 during ride from ilani . . live . November 10, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201111055344/https://www.koin.com/local/multnomah-county/hardesty-lyft-driver-each-call-911-during-ride-from-ilani/ . November 11, 2020.
  40. News: Millward . David . November 11, 2020 . US official demanding police spending cuts dials 911 in dispute with Lyft driver . en-GB . The Telegraph . August 3, 2022 . 0307-1235 . August 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220803234623/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/11/11/us-official-demanding-police-spending-cuts-dials-911-dispute/ . live .
  41. Web site: Portland Commissioner Hardesty's re-election campaign 'exceeds early fundraising goals' . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20211027023301/https://www.kptv.com/news/portland-commissioner-hardestys-re-election-campaign-exceeds-early-fundraising-goals/article_def4b786-359d-11ec-b6f6-97bb5ee17625.html . 2021-10-27 . 2021-10-27 . KPTV.com . en . Hardesty has previously drawn national attention in 2020 for calling 911 on a Lyft driver after the driver refused to roll their window up.
  42. Web site: Portland police confirm Commissioner Hardesty had nothing to do with Wednesday hit-and-run . 2022-11-11 . opb . en . 2022-11-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221111041810/https://www.opb.org/article/2021/03/04/portland-commissioner-jo-ann-hardesty-hit-and-run-accusations/ . live .
  43. Web site: Levinson . Jonathan . December 30, 2021 . Investigation documented 3rd Portland officer who leaked false Hardesty hit-and-run report . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220707110605/https://www.opb.org/article/2021/12/30/jo-ann-hardesty-hit-and-run-false-report-portland-oregon-commissioner/ . July 7, 2022 . August 2, 2022 . . en.
  44. Web site: Mann . David . March 1, 2022 . Portland police officer fired after falsely identifying Hardesty as hit-and-run suspect . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220803041619/https://www.kgw.com/article/news/politics/former-portland-police-union-president-fired/283-920ad0a3-d90e-48f3-86ce-1f50e310ef69 . August 3, 2022 . August 2, 2022 . KGW8 . en.
  45. Web site: March 7, 2022 . City disciplines 2 other Portland police officers for leaking false information about Hardesty . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220803041620/https://www.kgw.com/article/news/politics/portland-police-officers-disiplined-hardesty-leak/283-3078cd9a-7a06-4953-ad43-6a6ac4f99c44 . August 3, 2022 . August 2, 2022 . KGW8 . en.
  46. News: Dixon Kavanaugh . Shane . Portland commissioner hit with $16,000 judgment over unpaid credit card bills . May 2, 2022 . . March 29, 2022 . April 22, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220422063516/https://www.bendbulletin.com/localstate/state/portland-commissioner-hit-with-16-000-judgment-over-unpaid-credit-card-bills/article_521318c3-25f7-50ac-8eae-0787735f97cd.html . live .
  47. News: Portland's Jo Ann Hardesty is no-show in court debt hearing . May 2, 2022 . . March 29, 2022 . April 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220425014313/https://pamplinmedia.com/pt/9-news/540850-433017-hardesty-no-show-in-court-debt-hearing . live .
  48. News: Chasmar . Jessica . Portland commissioner defends herself as ‘budget hawk’ after second creditor sues her over personal debt . May 2, 2022 . . December 19, 2021 . January 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220125112528/https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/portland-commissioner-budget-hawk-second-creditor-sues . live .
  49. Web site: Gaitán . Catalina . 2023-09-21 . $680K settles Jo Ann Hardesty lawsuit against Portland police union . subscription . 2023-09-21 . oregonlive . en.

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