| João Mangabeira | |
| Office: | Minister of Justice and Internal Affairs |
| Term Start: | 24 January 1963 |
| Term End: | 7 June 1963 |
| President: | João Goulart |
| Predecessor: | Alfredo Nasser |
| Successor: | Carlos Molinari |
| Office1: | Minister of Mines and Energy |
| Term Start1: | 27 July 1962 |
| Term End1: | 18 September 1962 |
| Primeminister1: | Brochado da Rocha |
| Predecessor1: | Gabriel Passos |
| Successor1: | Eliezer Batista |
| Office2: | Federal Deputy for Bahia |
| Term Start2: | 28 May 1947 |
| Term End2: | 12 March 1951 |
| Term Start3: | 9 July 1937 |
| Term End3: | 10 November 1937 |
| Term Start4: | 2 May 1935 |
| Term End4: | 21 March 1936 |
| Term Start5: | 15 May 1915 |
| Term End5: | 31 December 1929 |
| Term Start6: | 3 May 1909 |
| Term End6: | 31 December 1911 |
| Office7: | Senator for Bahia |
| Term Start7: | 3 May 1930 |
| Term End7: | 11 November 1930 |
| Office8: | State Deputy of Bahia |
| Term Start8: | 7 April 1906 |
| Term End8: | 7 April 1908 |
| Birth Date: | 1880 6, df=yes |
| Birth Place: | Salvador, Bahia, Empire of Brazil |
| Death Place: | Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara, Brazil |
| Party: | UDN (1945–1947) PSB (1947–1964) |
| Spouse: | Constança Mangabeira |
| Father: | Francisco Cavalcanti Mangabeira |
| Mother: | Augusta Cavalcanti Mangabeira |
| Alma Mater: | Free Faculty of Law of Bahia |
João Mangabeira (26 June 1880 – 27 April 1964) was a Brazilian jurist, politician and writer.
Mangabeira was the brother of medical doctor and poet Francisco Mangabeira, and politician Otávio Mangabeira. He was admitted to law school at 13 years of age, and despite belonging to a large family without financial resources, he managed to complete his course by the age of 17. He then began practicing law in Ilhéus, Bahia. According to Federal jurist and politician Paulo Brossard:
"When the annual session of the jury started, a poor defendant went on trial without a lawyer. The judge designated João Mangabeira as a defense lawyer. Mangabeira knew nothing about the process. Listening to the judge's report, he paid attention to everything: names, pages, details. As soon as the prosecutor concluded the indictment, the young defense lawyer, appointed minutes before, shattered the charge, pointing out contradictions, correcting names, indicating process pages that he did not handle at all. The defendant was acquitted ... and, thereafter, the city began to trust the lawyer who was no more than a child, and his office started to have clients."
Shortly after he became a congressman as a State Deputy and then as a Federal Deputy. He became a close associate of Rui Barbosa. In 1923, when Barbosa died, Mangabeira gave a speech in his honor. On the centenary of the birth of Barbosa in 1949, Mangabeira was the speaker of the House of Representatives.
In a short time he became one of the most prominent figures in the House of Representatives. Renowned as both congressman and lawyer, he came to be highly regarded for his intelligence.
Mangabeira's career included defending socialism. As deputy for the Constitutional Assembly of 1934, and his opposition to the Estado Novo dictatorship (Vargas Era) landed Mangabeira in prison for 15 months. "I'd rather get in jail by this dictatorship, than be free, agreeing with it," he said in 1936.