| Jizera | |
| Other Name: | Izera |
| Source1 Location: | Lázně Libverda/Mirsk, Jizera Mountains |
| Mouth Location: | Elbe |
| Mouth Coordinates: | 50.1725°N 14.7156°W |
| Subdivision Type1: | Countries |
| Subdivision Type2: | Regions/ Voivodeships |
| Length: | 167km (104miles) |
| Source1 Elevation: | 984/1,035 m (3,228/3,396 ft) |
| Discharge1 Avg: | 24.3m3/s |
| Basin Size: | 2193.4km2 |
The Jizera (Polish: Izera, German: Iser) is a river in the Czech Republic and for a brief stretch in Poland. It is a right tributary of the Elbe River. It flows through the Liberec and Central Bohemian regions. It is 167km (104miles) long, which makes it the 10th longest river in the Czech Republic.
The first written mention of Jizera (as Gizera) is from the 13th century. The origin of the name is most likely Celtic and is derived from the verbal root -eis, -ois, -is, meaning "to flow briskly". It has the same etymology as the Isar in Germany, the Yser/IJzer in Belgium and France, the Isère in France and probably the Aire in England.[1]
The Jizera originates in the Jizera Mountains. Two sources of the river are defined. The first spring (so-called "Czech spring of the Jizera") is located on the slopes of Mt. Smrk in the territory of Lázně Libverda on the Czech side of the border at the elevation of and for centuries it was considered the only source of the Jizera. In the 1990s, the so-called "Polish spring of the Jizera" was determined (on the slopes of Mt. Stóg Izerski in the territory of Gmina Mirsk on the Polish side at the elevation of), which the source of a headwater that is longer and more massive than the Czech one, but historically it was a separate stream with a different name.[2] [3]
The Jizera flows to Lázně Toušeň, where it enters the Elbe River at the elevation of . Considering the "Czech spring of the Jizera", it is 167km (104miles) long, which makes it the 10th longest river in the Czech Republic. Considering the "Polish spring of the Jizera", it is 167.5km (104.1miles) long, out of which 1.4km (00.9miles) is in Poland. The Czech-Polish border is formed by 17km (11miles) of the river. Its drainage basin has an area of 2193.4km2, out of which 2145.2km2 is in the Czech Republic.[4] [5]
The longest tributaries of the Jizera are:
| Tributary | Length (km) | River km | Side | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mohelka | 41.6 | 61.4 | right | |
| 36.7 | 101.1 | right | ||
| Oleška | 34.2 | 106.3 | left | |
| Klenice | 29.3 | 36.9 | left | |
| Žehrovka | 26.3 | 66.9 | left |
The largest settlement on the river is the city of Mladá Boleslav. The river flows past Kořenov, Rokytnice nad Jizerou, Jablonec nad Jizerou, Semily, Železný Brod, Malá Skála, Turnov, Mnichovo Hradiště, Bakov nad Jizerou, Mladá Boleslav, Benátky nad Jizerou, Předměřice nad Labem, Tuřice, Nový Vestec, Káraný and Lázně Toušeň.
There are no reservoirs or fishponds built directly on the Jizera. The largest body of water in the basin area is the Josefův Důl Reservoir with an area of, built on the Kamenice. There are 1,350 bodies of water in the basin area.[4]
There are many species of molluscs in the river. Among the most endangered species are Cochlodina dubiosa corcontica, Daudebardia brevipes, Planorbis carinatus, Clausilia cruciata, Euconulus praticola, Pseudotrichia rubiginosa, Ruthenica filograna, Semilimax kotulae, Vertigo alpestris, Vertigo antivertigo and Vitrea subrimata.[6]
Jizera is one of the cleanest rivers in the country and there is a high density of fish, which is why it is popular for fishing. The upper and middle courses are mainly inhabited by brown trout and grayling.[7]
Jizera is a resource of drinking water for the city of Prague and the central part of the Central Bohemian Region. It supplies Prague with drinking water from approximately one third of the total need, the rest of Prague's need is covered by water from the Švihov Reservoir. From Benátky nad Jizerou to its on-flow, the Jizera is surrounded by bank infiltration system, and in the municipality of Sojovice the water is being pumped for artificial infiltration.[8]
The Jizera is suitable for river tourism. Due to its mountainous character, the upper course is popular among experienced paddlers, but within the entire river there are sections of all difficulties.[7]