| Jining | |
| Other Name: | Tsining, Chi-ning |
| Settlement Type: | District |
| Pushpin Map: | China Inner Mongolia#China |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Autonomous region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Inner Mongolia |
| Subdivision Type2: | Prefecture-level city |
| Subdivision Name2: | Ulanqab |
| Seat Type: | District seat |
| Seat: | Quanshan Subdistrict |
| Established Title: | City established |
| Established Date: | April 1956 |
| Established Title1: | District established |
| Established Date1: | April 2004 |
| Area Total Km2: | 114.2 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Total: | 425,059 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone: | China Standard |
| Utc Offset: | +8 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 012000 |
| Area Code: | 0474 |
| Mon: | Жинин тойрог |
| Monr: | Jiniŋ toɣoriɣ |
| Order: | st |
| S: | 集宁区 |
| T: | 集寧區 |
| P: | Jíníng Qū |
| J: | zaap6ning4 keoi1 |
Jining District (Mongolian: ;) is an urban district that serves as the administrative seat of Ulanqab, a region governed as a prefecture-level city in the mid-western part of Inner Mongolia, China. It has an area of approximately 114.2 km2 and is in the southern foothills of the Yinshan mountains.
As of 2011, it had a population of roughly 377,100, including members of the Mongol, Hui, Manchu, Daur, Tibetan, Uyghur, Hmong, and Yi national minorities.
Administratively speaking, Ulanqab is a "city" and Jining a "district", in reality Jining is a de facto city, while Ulanqab is an administrative division covering a much larger area. See prefecture-level city for more information on this arrangement.
Jining South Railway Station (Chinese: 集宁南站) serves as a railway intersection: the Trans-Mongolian Railway terminates her and runs via the border town of Erenhot (Erlian) through Mongolia to Russia in the north, Hohhot and Baotou to the west, Shanxi province's Datong to the south, and the Jining–Tongliao railway to the east.
Recorded human activity in the Jining area dates back to the Shang dynasty. It was originally named Bingzhou (Chinese: 并州). In the Song dynasty it was part of the Yunzhong Commandery (Chinese: 云中府); it was placed under the administration of Datong during the Jin dynasty (1115–1234). During the Yuan dynasty, it was named "Jining" for the first time. In 1675, the Jining area was placed under the administration of the Plain Yellow Banner of Chahar Province, and in 1750 was transferred to Fengzhen City's administration. In 1922, it was renamed Jining and became a municipality, and the following year a county. In 1948 Jining fell under the control of the Communist Party. The urban core was subsequently renamed Chengguan Town (roughly, "urban district"), then Pingdiquan Town (Chinese: 平地泉), then finally back to Jining in April 1956.
In 2004, Ulanqab League, to which it is the seat of government, was 'converted' to a prefecture-level city, and Jining is correspondingly changed from a county-level city to a district. Ulanqab is named Chaborte in the writings of P. Evariste Huc.
Jining District is divided into 8 subdistricts, 1 town, and 1 township.
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Mongolian (Hudum Script) | Mongolian (Cyrillic) | Administrative division code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subdistricts | |||||
| Xinti Road Subdistrict | Chinese: 新体路街道 | Mongolian: Шин ди замын зээл гудамж | 150902001 | ||
| Qiaodong Subdistrict | Chinese: 桥东街道 | Mongolian: Чяо дүн зээл гудамж | 150902002 | ||
| Qianjin Road Subdistrict | Chinese: 前进路街道 | Mongolian: Чонгийн замын зээл гудамж | 150902003 | ||
| Changqing Subdistrict | Chinese: 常青街道 | Mongolian: Цан чин зээл гудамж | 150902004 | ||
| Hushan Subdistrict | Chinese: 虎山街道 | Mongolian: Хоо шин зээл гудамж | 150902005 | ||
| Qiaoxi Subdistrict | Chinese: 桥西街道 | Mongolian: Чяо ший зээл гудамж | 150902006 | ||
| Xinhua Street Subdistrict | Chinese: 新华街街道 | Mongolian: Шэнхуа зээл гудамж | 150902007 | ||
| Quanshan Subdistrict | Chinese: 泉山街道 | Mongolian: Чиован шин зээл гудамж | 150902008 | ||
| Town | |||||
| Baihaizi Town | Chinese: 白海子镇 | Mongolian: Бай хай зи балгас | 150902105 | ||
| Township | |||||
| Malianqu Township | Chinese: 马莲渠乡 | Mongolian: Ма лиан чюй шиян | 150902205 | ||
Jining is a major transport node in central Inner Mongolia. It is on the Beijing-Baotou railway, and the terminus of the Jining-Erenhot, Jining-Tongliao, and Trans-Mongolian railways, making the city a short connection away from urban centres such as Hohhot, Baotou, Zhangjiakou, Datong, and Beijing. High-speed rail access is available to Hohhot and Baotou; travel time to the regional capital is approximately an hour.
Jining is also on the route of China National Highway 208, China National Highway 110, and the G6 Beijing–Lhasa Expressway.
Intercity buses are available to neighboring cities and towns.
The Jining area is a source of limestone and turquoise.