Jinhua Explained

Jinhua
Other Name:Kinhwa, Tsin Ua
Native Name:金华市
Native Name Lang:zh-Hans
Settlement Type:Prefecture-level city
Image Map1:Location map of Jinhua, Zhejiang.png
Map Caption1:Location of Jinhua City jurisdiction in Zhejiang
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:People's Republic of China
Subdivision Type1:Province
Subdivision Name1:Zhejiang
Subdivision Type2:County-level divisions
Subdivision Name2:9
Subdivision Type3:Township-level divisions
Subdivision Name3:191
Seat Type:Municipal seat
Seat:Wucheng District
Leader Title:Party Secretary
Leader Name:Zhao Guangjun (Chinese: 赵光军)
Leader Title1:Mayor
Leader Name1:Ji Junmin (Chinese: 暨军民)
Area Total Km2:10926.16
Area Urban Km2:2049.5
Area Metro Km2:2049.5
Population As Of:2020 census[1]
Population Total:7050683
Population Density Km2:auto
Population Metro:1463990
Population Density Metro Km2:auto
Population Urban:1463990
Population Density Urban Km2:auto
Demographics Type2:GDP[2]
Demographics2 Title1:Prefecture-level city
Demographics2 Info1:CN¥ 470.4 billion
US$ 62.0 billion
Demographics2 Title2:Per capita
Demographics2 Info2:CN¥ 72,192
US$ 11,096
Timezone:China Standard
Utc Offset:+8
Coor Pinpoint:Jinhua municipal government
Coordinates:29.079°N 119.647°W
Area Code:579
Iso Code:CN-ZJ-07
Blank2 Name:License Plate Prefix
Blank2 Info:Chinese: 浙G
Blank3 Name:City flower
Blank3 Info:Camellia
Order:st
Pic:Jinhua (Chinese characters).svg
Piccap:"Jinhua" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Picsize:125px
T:金華
S:金华
L:"Golden Flourishing"
P:Jīnhuá
W:Chin1-hua4

Jinhua is a prefecture-level city in central Zhejiang province in eastern China. It borders the provincial capital of Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, Taizhou to the east, and Shaoxing to the northeast. Its population was 7,050,683 as of the 2020 census including 1,463,990 in the built-up (or metro) area made of two urban districts (not including yet the satellite city of Lanxi, which has become essentially a suburban offshoot of Jinhua's main urban area).[3]

Jinhua is rich in red soil and forest resources. The Jinhua or Wu River flows through the Lan and Fuchun to the Qiantang River beside Hangzhou, which flows into Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea. In medieval China, it formed part of the water network feeding supplies to the southern end of the Grand Canal. It is best known for its dry-cured Jinhua ham.

History and culture

The history of Jinhua dates back to the 2nd century BC, when it was a county subordinate to Shaoxing. It was given the name Jinhua under the Sui dynasty in AD 598 and later became the seat of a prefecture. The present city and its walls date to the Yuan dynasty in 1352.

The most famous native of Jinhua is Huang Chuping, a Daoist holy man of the 4th century and reputed immortal whose descendants still live in the area. Wuyang Shan ("Reclining Sheep Mountain") is said to be a sheep which was turned to stone by Huang, a trick which he learned through his years of diligently studying Daoism.

Economically Jinhua has always prospered from its position as the regional collecting and processing center for agricultural and forestry products (chiefly rice and bamboo). It is currently the second most important grain producing area in Zhejiang. In 1985 Jinhua was promoted to City status, and now is responsible for administering four cities, four counties and a district. Animals raised there include dairy cattle, meat hogs (for the production of Jinhua ham, a famous local product for 900 years) and honeybees. Jinhua's industrial sector has developed more recently, producing machinery, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, building supplies and electrical and electronic equipment.

The Tang dynasty painter Guan Xiu[4] (Kuan-hsiu) was born in Jinhua. He is known for his paintings of Buddhist holy men.

There are numerous scenic and historical sites in the Jinhua region, including many places associated with the Immortal Huang, and a palace of the Dukes of theTaiping Heavenly Kingdom.

Geography

Jinhua is located at latitudes 28° 32'−29° 41' N and longitudes 119° 14'−120° 46' E in the center of Zhejiang. It borders Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, Taizhou to the east, and Shaoxing to the northeast.

Climate

Jinhua has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) with four distinctive seasons, characterised by hot, humid summers and chilly, cloudy and drier winters (with occasional snow). The mean annual temperature is 17.33°C, with monthly daily averages ranging from 5.2°C in January to in July. The city receives an average annual rainfall of 1450mm and is affected by the plum rains of the Asian monsoon in June, when average relative humidity also peaks.

Administrative divisions

The prefecture-level city of Jinhua administers 9 county-level divisions, including 2 districts, 4 county-level cities and 3 counties.

Map
align=left Subdivisionalign=left Simplified Chinesealign=left Pinyin
align=left Wucheng Districtalign=middle Chinese: 婺城区Wùchéng Qū
align=left Jindong Districtalign=middle Chinese: 金东区Jīndōng Qū
align=left Lanxialign=middle Chinese: 兰溪市Lánxī Shì
align=left Yongkangalign=middle Chinese: 永康市Yǒngkāng Shì
align=left Yiwualign=middle Chinese: 义乌市Yìwū Shì
align=left Dongyangalign=middle Chinese: 东阳市Dōngyáng Shì
align=left Wuyi Countyalign=middle Chinese: 武义县Wǔyì Xiàn
align=left Pujiang Countyalign=middle Chinese: 浦江县Pǔjiāng Xiàn
align=left Pan'an Countyalign=middle Chinese: 磐安县Pán'ān Xiàn

These are further divided into 191 township-level divisions, including 107 towns, 73 townships and 11 subdistricts.

Architecture

Jinhua architecture, also known as Wu-school architecture, is a style of traditional Chinese architecture that is characterized by large apartments, large courtyards, large open halls, horse-head walls. This style is different from the courtyard houses in Beijing and the earth buildings in Fujian.

Representative of the Ming and Qing Dynasty residences, Jinhua architecture typically features a clear central axis and a symmetrical layout. These buildings were often constructed by the royal family or the descendants of Confucianism, and served as both living spaces and cultural artifacts that reflect the values and beliefs of Confucianism.

The common characteristic of Confucian inheritance is the emphasis on respecting teachers, education, law, and rules. This philosophy is reflected in the spatial design and construction of Jinhua architecture. These houses are built with a harmonious balance between Yin and Yang and embody symmetry and balance.

Economy

Jinhua has a rather flexible economic system with distinctive economic characteristics in different areas. 90% of enterprises are in and about 88% of its GDP are from private sector.

Industry

Jinhua enjoys an advanced civilian-owned economy, with its industry mainly supported by processing and manufacturing. Leading industries of the city include clothing and textile, mechanics and electronics, pharmacy and chemistry, manufacturing crafts, metalwork processing architecture and building materials, automobile-and-motorcycle accessories, food processing, and plastic ware.

Industries are distributed with different characteristics in different counties or county-level cities. For instance, Yiwu is characterized by its light-industry commodities, Yongkang by its automobile-and-motorcycle accessories and mechanical and electric tools, Dongyang by its clothing, architecture and magnetic materials, the Jinhua Proper by its pharmacy, construction materials and industrial measures, Lanxi by its non-ferrous metal, cement, towels and daily chemicals, and Pujiang by its textile, lockmaking, and lantern ornaments of crystals.

Handicrafts

Traditional handicrafts have been flourishing in Jinhua. The wood carving and bamboo weaving in Dongyang, the straw plaiting, lace purling and crystals carving in Pujiang, and the hardware crafts in Yongkang, all enjoy a long history of development and the products sell well both abroad and at home.

Education

Higher education

There are 2 major colleges / universities in Jinhua: the provincial public university Zhejiang Normal University (ZJNU),[5] and the municipal public vocational college Jinhua Polytechnic.

High schools

Major provincial key high schools in Jinhua include Jinhua No. 1 High School, High School Affiliated to Zhejiang Normal University, Aiqing High School, Jinhua Tangxi Senior High School, Jinhua Foreign Language School, Lanxi No. 1 High School, Zhejiang Dongyang High School, Zhejiang Yiwu High School, Yiwu No. 2 High School, Yongkang No. 1 Senior Middle School, Zhejiang Pujiang High School, Wuyi No. 1 High School, and Pan'an High School.

International cooperations

Many education cooperations happen in Jinhua. Jinhua has been leading China-Africa education cooperation since the 1980s with the help of colleges and universities. Zhejiang Normal University began to recruit short-term international students in China in the 1980s. To date, the university has trained more than 8,000 African students in the Chinese language, international education in Chinese, business administration, comparative education, software engineering, mechanical design, and manufacturing and automation.[6]

Cuisine

Jinhua ham

Jinhua ham has bright colors, with red and white hues. The lean meat has a sweetness, while the fat imparts a flavor without being overly greasy. It is a rich source of protein, fat, multiple vitamins and minerals. Jinhua ham is produced during winter and matured throughout the summer, which allows for fermentation. Its consumption is associated with various health benefits, such as nourishing the stomach and kidneys, strengthening bone marrow, and promoting wound healing.

Jinhua ham features thin skin, with bright yellow skin and a lute-like shape. Its flesh is red and aromatic, earning it the reputation of the "four perfections" for its combination of color, fragrance, taste, and shape.

Yongkang Roumaibing

Yongkang Roumaibing (meat patties) is a traditional snack of Yongkang. Throughout Yongkang's history, local farmers have prepared meat patties as a staple dish during harvest festivals. Despite its coarse appearance, Yongkang meat patties are regarded and deemed as an example of the idiom "Don't judge a book by its cover."

Yongkang meat patties are generally divided into two types. One is the thin patty (also known as the triangle patty), which is flat and large in area. The whole thin patty is cut into several triangle patties and sold with pork and dried vegetable filling. The other is the thick patty, a thicker, smaller patty filled with potato, tofu, cowpea, lotus root, etc.

Transportation

Railways

Main railway stations:

Jinhua enjoys convenient transportation, being the communications center in southeast China between coastal and inland areas. It is one of the major hubs of land transportation in the country. The Zhejiang-Jiangxi, Jinhua-Wenzhou and Jinhua-Qiandaohu railways intersect in the city. The Hangzhou-Jinhua-Quzhou Expressway, the Jinhua-Lishui-Wenzhou Expressway, the No. 330 and 320 National Highways, and other provincial highroads traverse the area. The city aggregation around Jinhua Proper has formed a "Half-an-Hour's-Ride Economic Circle", there being merely a 90-minute and a 3-hour journey driving from the city to Hangzhou and Shanghai respectively.

Public transit

Metro

Jinhua Rail Transit is a metro system in Jinhua. Jinyidong Line connects the 2 districts of Jinhua to Yiwu and Dongyang. It was opened on August 30, 2022.[7]

Airports

Yiwu Airport provides service to major cities in China mainland and Hong Kong.

Landmarks

Jinhua Architecture Park, a collection of 17 pavilions designed by Chinese and international architects, is set on the banks of the Yiwu River.

Notable people

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: China: Zhèjiāng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map.
  2. Web site: 浙江省统计局. 2021年浙江统计年鉴 17-2 各市国民经济主要指标(2021年). 2022-06-02. zh-cn. 2020-08-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20200817014433/http://zjjcmspublic.oss-cn-hangzhou-zwynet-d01-a.internet.cloud.zj.gov.cn/jcms_files/jcms1/web3077/site/flash/tjj/Reports1/2019%e5%b9%b4%e7%bb%9f%e8%ae%a1%e5%b9%b4%e9%89%b4%e5%85%89%e7%9b%98/indexch.htm. live .
  3. Web site: China: Zhèjiāng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map.
  4. Web site: Guan Xiu . 2011-04-15 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110526160219/http://web.whittier.edu/academic/english/Chinese/Guanxiu.htm . 2011-05-26 .
  5. Web site: 浙江师范大学 . 2023-02-28 . www.zjnu.edu.cn.
  6. Web site: Zhejiang Normal University leads China-Africa education cooperation . 2023-02-28 . www.ezhejiang.gov.cn.
  7. Web site: UrbanRail.Net > Asia > China > Jinhua Rail Transit .