| Jing-Jin-Ji | |
| Settlement Type: | Megalopolis |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | People's Republic of China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Type2: | Municipalities |
| Subdivision Type3: | Major Prefectural Cities |
| Subdivision Name1: | Hebei |
| Subdivision Name2: | Beijing Tianjin |
| Subdivision Name3: | Baoding Shijiazhuang Tangshan Cangzhou Langfang Zhangjiakou Chengde Qinhuangdao |
| Leader Title: | Mayor of Beijing |
| Leader Name: | Yin Yong |
| Leader Title1: | Mayor of Tianjin |
| Leader Name1: | Zhang Gong |
| Area Footnotes: | [1] |
| Area Total Km2: | 217,156 |
| Population Total: | 110 million |
| Population As Of: | 2020[2] |
| Demographics Type2: | GDP |
| Demographics2 Title1: | Jing-Jin-Ji |
| Demographics2 Info1: | CN¥ 10.444 trillion (US$ 1.483 trillion) (2022) |
| Population Density Km2: | 507 |
| Leader Title2: | Governor of Hebei |
| Leader Name2: | Wang Zhengpu |
| Timezone: | CST |
| Utc Offset: | +8 |
| Official Name: | Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration |
The Jing-Jin-Ji cluster is an expanded urban agglomeration consisting of Beijing (Jing), Tianjin (Jin), and Hebei (Ji). It is the biggest urban agglomeration region in North China, including an economic region surrounding the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin, and along the coast of the Bohai Sea.[3] This emerging region is rising as a northern metropolitan region rivaling the Pearl River Delta in the south and the Yangtze River Delta in the east. In 2020, it had a total population of 110 million people, comparable to that of the Philippines.
| Area (km2) | Population (2020) | GDP (CN¥) | GDP (US$) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beijing (Jing) | 16,411 | 21,893,095 | CN¥ 4,376 billion | US$ 621 billion |
| Tianjin (Jin) | 11,946 | 13,866,009 | CN¥ 1,674 billion | US$ 238 billion |
| Hebei (Ji) | 188,800 | 74,610,235 | CN¥ 4,394 billion | US$ 624 billion |
| Jingjinji Urban Agglomeration | 217,156 | 110,369,339 | CN¥ 10.444 trillion | US$ 1.483 trillion |
In 2022, the area's GDP was ¥10 trillion (US$1.5 trillion), equivalent to that of Spain.[4] It occupied an area about twice the size of the South Korea.[5] Jingjinji had traditionally been involved in heavy industries and manufacturing. Tianjin's strengths have always been in aviation, logistics, and shipping. Beijing complements this economic activity with strong petrochemical, education, and R&D industries. The area is becoming a significant growth cluster for automobile, electronics, petrochemical sectors, automotive industry, software and aircraft, thus attracting foreign investments in manufacturing and health services.[6] [7]
The Chinese central government has made it a priority to integrate all the cities in the Bohai Bay rim and foster economic development. This includes building an advanced communications network, better highways, increased education, and scientific resources, as well as tapping natural resources off the Bohai rim.[8] In 2016, the Central Government approved a US$36-billion plan to link the various cities making up this metropolis by rail in order to reduce commute times and to better integrate them. This plan includes the construction of nine railways that are 1100km (700miles) in length, which are set to be completed by 2020. The long-term goal is to create a one-hour commuting region; an additional 24 intercity railways are planned to be built before 2050.[9]
In recent decades, petroleum and natural gas deposits have been discovered in the Jingjinji region's coast of the Bohai sea.
Inn 2013-2014, Xi Jinping gave directives on coordinating development in the region, elevating development strategies in the region to be a national priority.[10] In particular, planning strategies sought to alleviate development pressure in Beijing. The desire to alleviate the development pressure of Beijing's increasing non-capital functions was formalized in the June 2015 Outline Plan for Coordinated Development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and subsequently resulted in the establishment of Xiong'an. Xiong'an is where Beijing's non-capital functions, such as universities, research institutes, and high-tech innovation centers are planned to be transferred over time.
| Metropolitan area | Chinese | Cities and districts | Urban population | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beijing metropolitan area | Chinese: 北京城市圈 | Beijing, Huairou, Miyun, Pinggu, Yanqing | 16,858,692 | |
| Tianjin metropolitan area | Chinese: 天津城市圈 | Tianjin, Binhai, Baodi, Jinghai, Jizhou, Ninghe | 10,277,893 | |
| Shijiazhuang metropolitan area | Chinese: 石家庄城市圈 | Shijiazhuang, Jinzhou, Xinji, Xinle | 3,823,504 | |
| Baoding-Xiong'an metropolitan area | Chinese: 保定雄安城市圈 | Baoding, Xiong'an, Anguo, Dingzhou, Gaobeidian, Zhuozhou | 3,056,000 | |
| Tangshan metropolitan area | Chinese: 唐山城市圈 | Tangshan | 2,237,317 |
Jingjinji includes the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei provinces. Major cities in these municipalities and provinces include:
| City | Pinyin | Population | Image | Information | City Map | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beijing Chinese: 北京 | 19,612,368 | Beijing is a metropolis in northern China and the capital of the People's Republic of China. Beijing is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the central government. Beijing is China's second-largest city after Shanghai; more than 17 million people in Beijing's jurisdiction. | ||||
| Tianjin Chinese: 天津 | 12,938,224 | The third-largest city of the People's Republic of China in terms of the urban population. Administratively it is one of the four municipalities that have provincial-level status, reporting directly to the central government. Its urban land area is the third-largest in China, ranked only after Beijing and Shanghai. | ||||
| Baoding Chinese: 保定 | 10,029,197 | Baoding is the third-largest city in Hebei Province, ranked after Shijiazhuang and Tangshan. The city is located in the center of the Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang Economic Triangle, with good transportation connections and close commuting distances to its nearby major cities. The newly established Xiong'an New Area aims to be a high-tech, environmentally sustainable, modern metropolis and serves as a new hub for some administrative departments. Logistics bases in northern China are within the city limits of Baoding.[11] | ||||
| Shijiazhuang Chinese: 石家庄 | 9,547,869 | Shijiazhuang is the capital of Hebei, as well as the third-largest city in Jingjinji, after Beijing and Tianjin. | ||||
| Tangshan Chinese: 唐山 | 7,577,284 | Tangshan, a coastal city along the Bohai Bay and neighboring Tianjin, is the second-largest city in Hebei, after Shijiazhuang. It is also known for the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. | ||||
| Cangzhou Chinese: 沧州 | 7,134,053 | A city in south-east Hebei on the coast of the Bohai Sea coast. It borders Tianjin to the north. | ||||
| Langfang Chinese: 廊坊 | 4,358,839 | Langfang is located between Beijing and Tianjin and contains the Sanhe exclave, which is separate from the rest of Hebei. | ||||
| Zhangjiakou Chinese: 张家口 | 4,345,491 | A city in north-west Hebei. It borders Beijing to the southeast. | ||||
| Chengde Chinese: 承德 | 3,473,197 | A city in northeast Hebei, best known for the Chengde Mountain Resort. | ||||
| Qinhuangdao Chinese: 秦皇岛 | 2,987,605[12] | A city in north-east coastal Hebei, best known for the Beidaihe. |
There are many major highways servicing the routes within Jingjinji area. This includes the following expressways:
The following six China National Highways pass through Tianjin: