Jimsar County Explained

Jimsar County
Other Name:Jimasa; Fuyuan
Settlement Type:County
Pushpin Map:China Xinjiang Northern#Xinjiang#China
Coordinates:43.9833°N 93°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:China
Subdivision Type1:Autonomous region
Subdivision Name1:Xinjiang
Subdivision Type2:Autonomous prefecture
Subdivision Name2:Changji
Subdivision Type3:Township-level divisions
Subdivision Name3:4 towns
4 townships
Seat Type:County seat
Seat:Jimsar Town
Area Total Km2:8,140.84
Population Total:153,197
Population As Of:2020
Population Footnotes:[1]
Population Density Km2:auto
Population Density Urban Km2:auto
Timezone:China Standard
Utc Offset:+8
S:吉木萨尔县
T:吉木薩爾縣
P:Jímùsà'ěr Xiàn
S2:孚远县
T2:孚遠縣
P2:Fúyuǎn Xiàn
Xej:ݣِ‌مُ‌سَاعَر ثِیًا‎
Uig:جىمىسار ناھىيىسى
Uly:Jimisar nahiyisi
Uyy:Jimisar nah̡iyisi
Sgs:Jimisar nahiyisi
Usy:Җимисар наһийиси
Order:st

Jimsar County is a county in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. It contains an area of 8149km2. According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 130,000.

Near the town of Jimsar are the ruins of the ancient city of Beiting or Ting Prefecture, the headquarters of the Beiting Protectorate during the 8th century. It was later known as Beshbalik and became one of the capitals of the Uyghur Khaganate and then the Kingdom of Qocho.

History

The name Beshbalik first appears in history in the description of the events of 713 in the Turkic Kul Tigin inscription.[2] It was one of the largest of five towns in the Uyghur Khaganate.[3] The Tibetans briefly held the city in 790.[4] Established in 1902 as a county, it was known as Fuyuan (孚远) until 1952, when its name was changed to Jimsar.

The modern city Jimsar is located at 43°59'N, 89°4'East; It is a location of the Uyghur ancient southern capital Beshbalik or Beshbalyq. "Balıq" means city in Old Turkic language, so the meaning of Beshbalik/Beshbalyq is "Five cities". This city name appeared in Yuan dynasty record as both 五城(Wǔ Chéng, means 5 cities) or 别失八里(bié shī bā lǐ). It became the Uyghur main capital after a disastrous results of the Yenisei Kirghiz attack on the Uyghur northern capital Karabalgasun (Khanbalyk).

After the attack, a significant part of the Uyghur Khaganate population fled to the area of the present Jimsar County and Tarim Basin in general in 840,[5] where they founded the Kingdom of Qocho. The Uyghurs submitted to Genghis Khan in 1207. Beshbalik consisted of five parts: an outer town, the northern gate of the outer town, the extended town of the west, the inner town and a small settlement within the inner town. At first, the city was the political center of the Uyghur Idiquit (monarch) and his Mongol queen, Altalun, daughter of Genghis Khan under the Mongol Empire in the first half of the 13th century.[6] Alans were recruited into the Mongol forces with one unit called "Right Alan Guard" which was combined with "recently surrendered" soldiers, Mongols, and Chinese soldiers stationed in the area of the former Kingdom of Qocho and in Besh Balikh the Mongols established a Chinese military colony led by Chinese general Qi Kongzhi (Ch'i Kung-chih).[7] Due to military struggles between the Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan dynasty during the reign of Kublai Khan, the city was abandoned and lost its prosperity in the late 13th century. The History of Yuan records the name as both Wu-ch'eng 五城 (5 cities) and Bie-shi-ba-li 别失八里.[8]

Jimsar city was established in the south of the ruins of Beshbalik.[9]

Subdivisions

Jimsar County is made up of 6 towns and 3 townships.

NameSimplified ChineseHanyu PinyinUyghur (UEY)Uyghur Latin (ULY)Administrative division code
Towns
Jimsar TownChinese: 吉木萨尔镇Uighur; Uyghur: جىمسار بازىرى652327100
Santai TownChinese: 三台镇Uighur; Uyghur: سەنتەي بازىرى652327101
Quanzijie TownChinese: 泉子街镇Uighur; Uyghur: چۈەنزىگەي بازىرى652327102
Beiting TownChinese: 北庭镇Uighur; Uyghur: بېيتىڭ بازىرى652327103
Ergong TownChinese: 二工镇Uighur; Uyghur: ئەرگۇڭ بازىرى652327104
Dayou TownChinese: 大有镇Uighur; Uyghur: دايۇ بازىرى652327105
Townships
Qingyanghu TownshipChinese: 庆阳湖乡Uighur; Uyghur: چىڭياڭخۇ يېزىسى652327202
Laotai TownshipChinese: 老台乡Uighur; Uyghur: لاۋتەي يېزىسى652327203
Xindi TownshipChinese: 新地乡Uighur; Uyghur: شىندى يېزىسى652327205

References

Notes and References

  1. http://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/xinjiang/admin/ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
  2. Bosworth, M.S.Asimov-History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4, Part 2, p.578
  3. C. E. Bosworth, M.S.Asimov, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4, Part 2, p.578, line-23
  4. Denis Sinor-The Cambridge history of early Inner Asia, Volume 1, p.319
  5. C. Beckwith, Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present, Princeton University Press, 2009, pp. 148, 159
  6. http://search.barnesandnoble.com/The-Secret-History-of-the-Mongol-Queens/Jack-Weatherford/e/9780307407153 Jack Weatherford, The Secret History of the Mongol Queens
  7. Book: Morris Rossabi. China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th-14th Centuries. 1983. University of California Press. 978-0-520-04562-0. 255–.
  8. Book: Bretschneider, E.. Notices of the Mediæval Geography and History of Central and Western Asia. 1876. Trübner & Company. 5–6 . 1 December 2014. Book: Bretschneider, E.. Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 10 . ARTICLE IV. Notices of the Mediæval Geography and History of Central and Western Asia. Contributor Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North-China Branch . 1876. The Branch. https://books.google.com/books?id=C4hJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA80 . 79–80. 1 December 2014. Book: Bretschneider, E.. Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 10. ARTICLE IV. Notices of the Mediæval Geography and History of Central and Western Asia. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North China Branch, Shanghai. Contributor Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North-China Branch . 1876. Kelly & Walsh.. https://books.google.com/books?id=jOA5NxDIbfYC&pg=PA80 . 79–80. 1 December 2014.
  9. Paul Allan Mirecki, Jason BeDuhn, Emerging from Darkness: Studies in the Recovery of Manichaean Sources, p. 106