Jidwaq (clan) explained

Group:Jidwaaq
جيدواق
Region1:
Region2:
Region3:
Langs:Somali
Rels:Islam (Predominantly Sunni, Sufism)
Related-C:Ogaden, Absame, Darod, and other Somali clans

The Jidwaq (Somali: Jidwaaq, Arabic: جيدواق) is a major subclan, part of one of the largest Somali clans families, the Absame Darod.[1] [2] [3] Jidwaq are well known for their conquests in Abyssinia during the 1500s they played a very prominent role in the Adal Sultanate.[4] They are famous for bringing the largest army and were very loyal to Imam Ahmad. Jidwaq have produced notable generals such as Ahmed Girri Bin Hussein who was the right hand man of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi.[5]

Overview

The Jidwaq clan primarily inhabit the Somali Region of Ethiopia,[6] [7] (where they live in the Jigjiga area),[8] the North Eastern Province of Kenya and the Jubaland region of southern Somalia (where they live south of Bu'ale).[9] The name Jidwaaq means "the path of God" in the Somali language.[10] The Jidwaq clan are divided into two branches; Rooble Jidwaaq (Abasguul & Yabaree) and Barre Jidwaaq (Bartire).

According to the UNHCR, the Jidwaq in the Somali Region are mostly agro-pastoralists. They often engage in agriculture but also raise livestock.[11]

History

The Jidwaq clan primarily inhabit Fafan Zone in the Somali Region of Ethiopia as well as Jubaland, a Federal Member State in southern Somalia.[12] They were among the first tribes to accept the call of jihad during the conquest of Abyssinia. They have produced notable military commanders such as Ahmed Girri Bin Hussein who was the right hand of the Imam, a knight serving under Adal Sultanate who then later progressed to becoming a military commander leading the Somali units in battle.

Arab Faqih notes

Then he assembled the Somali clans the tribe of Girri, the tribe of Marraihan, the tribe of Yibberi with their chieftain Ahmad Girri, the clan of the Härti, people of Mait, the tribe of Jairan, the tribe of Mazzar. the tribe of Barsub all of these were Somalis and they were ordered by the Imam to hold the left they were all under Matan[13]
The Jidwaaq have been described in the The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society as the western-most branches of the Darod clan. The Bartire subclan in particular has been described as pastoralists in addition to growing coffee, as well as intermarrying with the Emirs of Harar, giving them an amount of influence.[14] Hawo Tako, also known as (Xaawo Taako or Hawa Osman) was a revolutionary freedom fighter, born in Kebri Beyah in the Somali Region, Ethiopia. Her brother was one of the founding fathers of SYL, in which his disappearance brought her to become a member. Hawo Tako participated in the 1948 riots of Mogadishu where she was killed.

Clan tree

There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures and many lineages are omitted. The following listing is taken from the World Bank's Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics from 2005 and the United Kingdom's Home Office publication, Somalia Assessment 2001.[15] [16]

Notable persons

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Somalia: Minorities and indigenous peoples . 19 June 2015 . Minority Rights Group International . 18 September 2019.
  2. Book: Lewis . Ioan M . A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa . 1999 . James Currey Publishers . 12 . 9780852552803 . 18 September 2019.
  3. Lewis . Ioan M . Clanship and Contract in Northern Somaliland . Africa: Journal of the International African Institute . July 1959 . 29 . 3 . 274–293 . 10.2307/1157617 . 1157617 . 143243256 . 18 September 2019.
  4. 1961 . Cahiers d'études africaines . Cahiers d'études africaines . 2 . 30 . Google books.
  5. Book: Arabfaqih, Shihab Al-Din . The Conquest of Abyssinia: Futuh Al Habasa . Tsehai Publishers & Distributors . 2003 . 0972317260 . 76.
  6. "Collective Punishment", p. 14
  7. Abdullahi. Abdi M.. 2007. The Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF): The Dilemma of Its Struggle in Ethiopia. Review of African Political Economy. 34. 113. 557. 20406430. 0305-6244.
  8. Book: Brons, Maria . Society, Security, Sovereignty and the State in Somalia: From Statelessness to Statelessness? . 2001 . International Books . 978-90-5727-038-3 . 102 . en.
  9. Book: Middle Jubba: Study on Governance . 1999 . United Nations Development Office for Somalia . 11 . en.
  10. Book: Lewis, I. M. . Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society . 1998 . The Red Sea Press . 978-1-56902-103-3 . 137 . en.
  11. Web site: Pastoral society and transnational refugees: population movements in Somaliland and eastern Ethiopia 1988 - 2000 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130521051004/http://www.unhcr.org/publ/RESEARCH/3d5d0f3a4.pdf . 2013-05-21 . Guido . Ambroso . UNHCR.
  12. Book: Brelvi, Mahmud . Islam in Africa: Foreword by M. M. Sharif . 1964 . Institute of Islamic Culture . 227 . en.
  13. Book: ʿArabfaqīh . Šihāb ad-Dīn Aḥmad Ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir . Futūḥ Al-Ḥabaša: the conquest of Abyssinia (16th century) . Stenhouse . Paul Lester . Pankhurst . Richard . ʿArabfaqīh . Šihāb ad-Dīn Aḥmad Ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir . 2003 . Tsehai . 978-0-9723172-6-9 . 76.
  14. Book: Society, Royal Geographical. The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society: JRGS. 1849. Murray. 65. en.
  15. Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.55 Figure A-1
  16. http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/somalia/ind01b_somalia_ca.pdf Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Somalia Assessment 2001, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure
  17. Book: Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale. 2007. Minnesota Humanities Center/Somali Bilingual Book Project. 978-1-931016-17-9. en.
  18. Web site: 2021-04-25. Foreign Minister receives a copy of the credentials of the new Ethiopian ambassador to Somalia. 2021-12-19. Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation. en-US.

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