Payzawat County Explained

Payzawat County
Settlement Type:County
Pushpin Map:China Xinjiang Southern#China Xinjiang#China
Pushpin Label:Peyziwat
Pushpin Label Position:bottom
Pushpin Relief:Y
Pushpin Map Caption:Location of the seat in Xinjiang
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:China
Subdivision Type1:Autonomous region
Subdivision Name1:Xinjiang
Subdivision Type2:Prefecture
Subdivision Name2:Kashgar
Seat Type:County seat
Seat:Barin
Demographics Type2:Ethnic groups
Demographics2 Title1:Major ethnic groups
Demographics2 Info1:Uyghur[1] [2]
Area Total Km2:6600.68
Population Footnotes:[3]
Population Total:424,821
Population As Of:2020
Population Density Km2:auto
Population Density Urban Km2:auto
Postal Code Type:Postal code
Postal Code:844300
Timezone:China Standard
Utc Offset:+8
Ibox-Order:ug, zh
W:Chia¹-shih¹ Hsien⁴
P:Jiāshī Xiàn[4]
S2:排孜阿瓦提县
T2:排孜阿瓦提縣
P2:Páizī'āwǎtí Xiàn
Uig:پەيزاۋات ناھىيىسى
Uly:Peyzavat Nahiyisi
Uyy:Pəyzavat Nah̡iyisi
Sgs:Payziwat Nahiyisi
Usy:Пәйзават Наһийиси
Order:st
Lang1:kk

Payzawat County,[5] [6] [7] [8] [9] also via SASM/GNC romanization as Payziwat County[10] (; [1]), (also Faizabad and Fayzawat) and via Mandarin Chinese as Jiashi County is a county in Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, on the western rim of the Taklamakan Desert. To the east, the county borders Maralbexi County, to the south Yopurga County.[1]

Name

Payzawat means 'beautiful land of plenty'.[1]

The name of the region is also transliterated as Faizabad.[9] [11]

History

Peyziwat County was established in July 1902.[12]

In 1981, there was a brief pro-independence rebellion, the Jiashi uprising (Chinese: [[:zh:1981年伽师县"5·27"暴乱|1981年伽师县"5·27"暴乱]]), in the county staged by Uyghur activists after riots in Kashgar.[13] [14] [15]

The 1997 Jiashi earthquakes, continuing to 2003, were a series of deadly earthquakes in the county.[8] Rebiya Kadeer wrote that her career was significantly affected by the earthquakes, which were "one of the worst natural disasters that had occurred in the Uyghur nation in recent memory." One hundred villages and one thousand homes were leveled. Kadeer organized donations and aid for the area.[16] In February 2002, a 6.7 magnitude earthquake killed 267 people in Maralbexi County and Payzawat County.[17]

On August 27, 2008, two ethnic Uyghur police officers were killed.[18] [19]

On October 20, 2014, Shaptul (Xiaputule) was changed from a township to a town.[20]

In 2017, Jiashi County Secondary Vocational School (Chinese: 伽师县中等职业学校), among the Xinjiang re-education camps, was increased in size, adding new dormitories and factory warehouses; significant security features were added through the introduction of secure 'military-style management'.[21]

On the night of January 19, 2020, a strong earthquake (Chinese: [[:zh:2020年喀什地震|2020年喀什地震]]) damaged buildings and seriously injured at least one person in the county.[4] [22] [23]

Administrative divisions

Payzawat County includes 6 towns, 7 townships, and one other area:[24] [25] [26]

NameSimplified ChineseHanyu PinyinUyghur (UEY)Uyghur Latin (ULY)Administrative division codeNotes
Towns
Barin TownChinese: 巴仁镇Uighur; Uyghur: بارىن بازىرى[27] 653129100
Shekerkol TownChinese: 西克尔库勒镇Uighur; Uyghur: شېكەركۆل بازىرى653129101
Shaptul Town[28] Chinese: 夏普吐勒镇Uighur; Uyghur: شاپتۇل بازىرى653129102formerly Shaptul Township (Uighur; Uyghur: شاپتۇل يېزىسى / Chinese: 夏普吐勒乡)
Gholtoghraq TownChinese: 卧里托格拉克镇Uighur; Uyghur: غولتوغراق بازىرى653129103formerly Gholtoghraq Township (Chinese: 卧里托格拉克乡)
Qizilboyi TownChinese: 克孜勒博依镇Uighur; Uyghur: قىزىلبويى بازىرى653129104formerly Qizilboyi Township (Uighur; Uyghur: قىزىلبويى يېزىسى / Chinese: 克孜勒博依乡)
Qoshawat TownChinese: 和夏阿瓦提镇Uighur; Uyghur: قوشئاۋات بازىرى653129107formerly Qoshawat Township (Uighur; Uyghur: قوشئاۋات يېزىسى / Chinese: 和夏阿瓦提乡)
Townships
Terim TownshipChinese: 铁日木乡Uighur; Uyghur: تېرىم يېزىسى653129200
Yengimehelle TownshipChinese: 英买里乡Uighur; Uyghur: يېڭىمەھەللە يېزىسى653129201
Janbaz TownshipChinese: 江巴孜乡Uighur; Uyghur: جانباز يېزىسى653129202
Misha TownshipChinese: 米夏乡Uighur; Uyghur: مىشا يېزىسى653129205
Kizilsu Township[29] Chinese: 克孜勒苏乡Uighur; Uyghur: قىزىلسۇ يېزىسى653129208
Gulluk TownshipChinese: 古勒鲁克乡Uighur; Uyghur: گۈللۈك يېزىسى653129209
Ordeklik TownshipChinese: 玉代克力克乡Uighur; Uyghur: ئۆردەكلىك يېزىسى653129210

Economy

The system of irrigation is well-developed. Agricultural products include wheat, corn, sorghum, cotton and muskmelon. Animal herding is also common, primarily sheep. Specialities of the county include the 'Payzawat melon' (Chinese: 伽师瓜) and white grapes without pits. Industries include tractors, electronics, leather making, construction, and cotton and melon processing.[30]

, there was about 55,400 acres (366,889 mu) of cultivated land in Payzawat.[31]

Demographics

As of 2015, 437,073 of the 445,846 residents of the county were Uyghur, 8,342 were Han Chinese, 431 were from other ethnic groups.[32]

, Uyghurs made up 98.9% of the county's population.[1]

As of 1999, 96.46% of the population of Payzawat (Jiashi) County was Uyghur and 3.52% of the population was Han Chinese.[33]

In 1997, Uyghurs made up 97.2% of the county's population.[2]

Transportation

Historical maps

Historical English-language maps including Payzawat:

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: http://www.xjjsx.gov.cn/Item/515.aspx. zh:伽师概况. Payzawat Overview. zh-hans. 18 May 2009. 21 March 2020. zh:伽师县人民政府网 . Chinese: 伽师，维吾尔语称"排孜阿瓦提"，意为美丽富饶的地方，{....
  2. Web site: http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/21296.html. zh:1997年伽师县行政区划. zh-hans. 19 November 2010. 21 March 2020. XZQH.org. Chinese: 喀什地区辖县。位于塔克拉玛干沙漠西缘。面积6715.4平方千米，人口28.2万，有维吾尔、汉、柯尔克孜、回等14个民族，其中维吾尔族占97.2％，辖2镇11乡，县政府驻巴仁镇。.
  3. http://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/xinjiang/admin/ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
  4. Web site: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9b8Rv-PypE . https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211217/Y9b8Rv-PypE . 2021-12-17 . live. zh:[天下财经]新疆伽师县发生6.4级地震 多人受伤 CCTV财经. zh-hans. 20 January 2020. 2 September 2020. CCTV-2. YouTube. 0:04, 0:16, 0:58. (Note: The characters '伽师县' are clearly pronounced as 'Jiāshī Xiàn' throughout the broadcast.)
  5. Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJsrDwAAQBAJ. zh:建筑抗震设计规范. GB50011-2010: Code for Seismic Design of Buildings . en,zh-hans. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. 2010. China Architecture & Building Press. Beijing. Google Books. 203. Payzawat County.
  6. Web site: 5.4-magnitude earthquake hits Xinjiang: CENC. https://web.archive.org/web/20200321050944/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/18/c_138714097.htm. March 21, 2020. 18 January 2020. 21 March 2020. Xinhua News Agency. yan. A 5.4-magnitude earthquake hit Payzawat County of Kashgar Prefecture in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region at 00:05 a.m. Saturday (Beijing Time), according to the China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC)..
  7. , United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  8. Web site: DEATH TOLL RISING FAST IN XINJIANG QUAKE. 25 February 2003. 22 March 2020. Radio Free Asia. The two areas hardest-hit by the quake, which China says measured 6.8 on the open-ended Richter scale, were Maralbeshi and Payzawat (Jiashi) counties.According to official Chinese media, Payzawat (Jiashi) has a population of at least 300,000, while Maralbeshi (Bachu) has a population of 260,000. Both counties are 90 percent Uyghur..
  9. Book: zh:西域史地釋名. Compendium of Historico-Geographical Terms of Turkestan (Western Territories). Su Chi-Kang 蘇其康. National Sun Yat-sen University Press (中山大學出版社). 957-28052-0-7. Kaohsiung. 2002. zh-tw,en. 37. Faizabad今新疆喀什地區伽師縣治(Payzawat).
  10. Web site: Uyghurs Forced to Undergo Medical Exams, DNA Sampling. 19 May 2017. 21 March 2020. Radio Free Asia. Alim Seytoff and Mamatjan Juma. Eset Sulayman, Gulchehra Hoja, Jilil Kashgary, Joshua Lipes. A farmer from Payziwat (Gashi) county in Kashgar (Kashi) prefecture told RFA that county officials and medical personnel had set up a health checkpoint in front of the area hospital, and local cadres "urged" residents to get examined..
  11. Reginald C. F. Schomberg and Matthew Arnold . 1930 . The Climatic Conditions of the Tarim Basin . . 75 . 4 . 318 . 10.2307/1784816. 1784816 .
  12. http://www.kashi.gov.cn/english/Citycounty/peyziwat.htm Peyziwat County
  13. News: Racial tensions simmer on China's ancient Silk Road. Jerusalem Post. Internet Archive. Andrew Roche. Local government officials confirmed for the first time this month that an organized uprising against Chinese rule took place as late as the early 1980s.
    Moslem peasants in Payzawat, 100 kilometres east of Kashgar, raided a military armoury and attacked Han Chinese with the stolen weapons. Units of the People's Liberation Army crushed the rebellion, with many deaths, local people from the Moslem Uighur ethnic group said.
    Kashgar's vice-mayor Mohamed Emin, a Uighur but a non-Moslem Communist Party member, said a group "bent on destroying ethnic unity" had been responsible.
    Payzawat - called Jiashi County by Peking - is closed to foreigners although overseas tour groups now regularly visit Kashgar. Local sources said the rebellion followed riots in Kashgar in 1981 that exploded when a Chinese shopkeeper shot dead a Uighur peasant who had parked a donkey-cart load of manure outside his premises.. 24 May 1988. 1 September 2020. 56. 16834. 6.
  14. Book: Tibet: Survival in Question. Pierre-Antoine Donnet. Tica Broch. Zed Books Ltd. 1-85649-129-3. 1994. 134. In the early 1980s, the local people rose up in armed rebellion against the Chinese presence in the regional centre of Payzawat. The Chinese army was called in to put down the uprising and the death toll was high.. registration. Internet Archive.
  15. Book: Dillon, Michael. Xinjiang: China's Muslim far northwest. 2004. Routledge. 59–60. 978-0-203-16664-2.
  16. Book: Kadeer, Rebiya . Dragon Fighter One Woman's Epic Struggle for Peace with China . 2009 . Kales Press . 978-0-9798456-1-1 . 276-278 . registration .
  17. Book: Uyghur Reader. Nabijan Tursun. 2007. Dunwoody Press. 978-1-931546-42-3. 141.
  18. News: Chinastan. https://web.archive.org/web/20190918105623/https://www.economist.com/asia/2008/09/04/chinastan. 18 September 2019. live. subscription. The Economist. 4 September 2008. 11 December 2020.
  19. Web site: 2008. Attack in Jiashi Drastically Changes Security Environment. WikiLeaks. Internet Archive.
  20. Web site: http://www.xjmca.gov.cn/xzqhtzgg/27055.jhtml. zh:关于同意伽师县夏普吐勒乡撤乡设镇的批复(新政函[2014]183号). 27 October 2014. 9 April 2020. zh:新疆民政 . Chinese: 2014年10月20日,自治区人民政府同意撤销伽师县夏普吐勒乡建制，设立夏普吐勒镇，其行政区域界线、政府驻地及隶属关系不变。. zh-hans. https://web.archive.org/web/20190812091527/http://www.xjmca.gov.cn/xzqhtzgg/27055.jhtml. 12 August 2019.
  21. Web site: Uyghurs for sale . Vicky Xiuzhong Xu . Danielle Cave . James Leibold . Kelsey Munro . Nathan Ruser . 28 February 2020. 2 September 2020. Australian Strategic Policy Institute.
  22. Web site: Quake causes damage, injuries in China's Xinjiang region. 20 January 2020. 21 March 2020. Taiwan News.
  23. Web site: 6.4-magnitude Earthquake Jolted Xinjiang, Causing Injuries, Damaging Houses, Disrupting Service. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211217/zJnvu_raot0 . 2021-12-17 . live. 20 January 2020. 21 March 2020. China Central Television. YouTube.
  24. Web site: http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/21298.html. zh:伽师县历史沿革. XZQH.org. 14 November 2014. 21 March 2020. Chinese: 2000年第五次人口普查，伽师县常住总人口311733人，{....
  25. Web site: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/65/31/653129.html . zh:2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：伽师县 . zh-hans . . 2019 . 21 March 2020 . Chinese: 统计用区划代码 名称 653129100000 巴仁镇 653129101000 西克尔库勒镇 653129102000 夏普吐勒镇 653129103000 卧里托格拉克镇 653129104000 克孜勒博依镇 653129107000 和夏阿瓦提镇 653129200000 铁日木乡 653129201000 英买里乡 653129202000 江巴孜乡 653129205000 米夏乡 653129208000 克孜勒苏乡 653129209000 古勒鲁克乡 653129210000 玉代克力克乡 653129500000 兵团伽师总场|.
  26. Book: zh:地名中的新疆. zh-hans. 2003. 7-228-08004-1. Xie Yuzhong 解玉忠. Ürümqi. 新疆人民出版社. 225–228.
  27. Web site: ug:بارىن بازىرى ئالاھىدە كەسىپلەر ئارقىلىق بېيىش يولىغا ئاتلاندى. http://uyghur.people.com.cn/156325/15698015.html. ug. 8 January 2018. 22 March 2020. People's Daily. Uighur; Uyghur: پەيزاۋات ناھىيەسىنىڭ بارىن بازىرى ناھىيە ئىچىگە جايلاشقان..
  28. Book: Socio-Economic Development in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Disparities and Power Struggle in China's North-West. Google Books. Alessandra Cappelletti. 978-981-15-1536-1. 2020. Palgrave Macmillan. 243. Xiaputule/Shaptul (Chinese: 夏普吐勒乡, Uighur; Uyghur: شاپتۇل يېزىسى), Village 13, 14 and 15, in Jiashi/Peyzawat County.
  29. , United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  30. Book: 夏征农. 陈至立. zh:辞海：第六版彩图本 . Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color) . September 2009. 上海. Shanghai. 上海辞书出版社. Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House.. 978-7-5326-2859-9. zh. 1046. Chinese: 面积6 601平方千米。{....
  31. Cultivation Development and Expansion in China's Colonial Realm in Central Asia. Herold J. Wiens. The Journal of Asian Studies. 26. 1. November 1966. 75. 10.2307/2051832 . 2051832. 162339064 . free.
  32. Web site: http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539450.html . zh:3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 . zh-hans. Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region . 15 March 2017. 3 September 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171011101904/http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539450.html . 11 October 2017 . live .
  33. Book: Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers. 2004. 0-295-98390-6. Morris Rossabi. Morris Rossabi. University of Washington Press. 179.

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