Jewish fascism explained

See also: Definitions of fascism, Far-right politics in Israel and Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine.

Jewish fascism is a term that is applied to Jewish political factions which are on the far-right wing of the political spectrum.

Fascism is an extreme right-wing political ideology which is characterised by authoritarianism, conservative values, and extreme nationalism (see Ultranationalism). Jewish nationalism is closely associated with Zionism, but Zionism has diverse meanings to different people, while the meaning of Jewish nationalism is more specific. Jewish nationalism has two aspects, religious nationalism and secular ethno-nationalism. Some extreme Jewish nationalist movements have either actively associated themselves with, or have been construed as engendering, fascism and historical fascist movements.

An early example of Jewish fascism was the short-lived Revisionist Maximalist movement that arose within the Brit HaBirionim faction of the Zionist Revisionist Movement (ZRM) in the 1930s and openly espoused its fascist values and goals.

In the 21st century, the Otzma Yehudit party (Hebrew: [[:he: עוצמה יהודית | עָוצְמָה יְהוּדִית ]]| translation = Jewish Power |link=no) has been characterized as an example of resurgent fascism or neo-fascism.

Mandatory Palestine (1920–1948)

Prior to the establishment of Israel, far-right Jewish groups were based on Revisionist Zionism, which promoted the Jewish right to sovereignty over all of Mandatory Palestine through the use of armed struggle.[1] Revisionist Zionism's ideological and cultural roots were influenced by Italian fascism. Ze'ev Jabotinsky, the founder of Revisionist Zionism, believed that Britain could no longer be trusted to advance Zionism, and that Fascist Italy, as a growing political challenger to Britain, was therefore an ally.[2] [3]

Revisionist Maximalism

Revisionist Maximalism was a short-lived right-wing militant political ideology that was a part of the Brit HaBirionim faction of the Zionist Revisionist Movement created by Abba Ahimeir. Abba Ahimier was born in Russia in 1897 and migrated to Palestine at the age of fifteen. In 1928 Ahimier joined Jabotinsky's Revisionist movement and became one of the movement's important activists.[4]

In 1930, Brit HaBirionim under Ahimeir's leadership publicly declared their desire to form a fascist state at the conference of the ZRM, saying:

The Revisionist Maximalist movement borrowed principles from totalitarianism and fascism and it also drew inspiration from Józef Piłsudski's Poland and Benito Mussolini's Italy.[5] Revisionist Maximalists strongly supported the Italian fascist regime of Benito Mussolini and wanted the creation of a Jewish state based on fascist principles.[6]

The goal of the Maximalists was to "extract Revisionism from its liberal entrapment", because they wanted Ze'ev Jabotinsky's status to be elevated to the status of a dictator,[7] and desired to forcably assimilate the population of Palestine into Hebrew society.[8] The Maximalists believed that authoritarianism and national solidarity was necessary to have the public collaborate with the government, and to create total unity in Palestine.[8]

Nevertheless, the label "fascist" must be used with reservation because during that period of history as well as during later periods of history, non-fascist political factions frequently used it as a term of abuse during their disputes with each other, as in the 1930s, when the Social Democrat parties were accused of being "fascists" or "social-fascists" by Stalin and the communists. In the same way in Palestine in the 1930s, the Revisionist Zionists were frequently characterized as "fascists" by the Labor Zionist leaders and the Revisionists attacked the social democratic dominated General Confederation of Labor (Histadrut) and Ben Gurion by using terms like "Red Swastika" and comparing the Histadrut and Ben Gurion to fascists and Hitler.[9] [10]

In 1932, the Brit HaBirionim pressed the ZRM to adopt its policies which were titled the "Ten Commandments of Maximalism", and were made "In the spirit of Complete Fascism", according to Stein Uglevik.[11] Moderate ZRM members refused to accept this and moderate ZRM member Yaacov Kahan pressured Brit HaBirionim to accept the democratic nature of the ZRM and not push for the party to adopt fascist dictatorial policies.[11]

The Revisionist Maximalists became the largest faction in the ZRM in 1930 but collapsed in support in 1933 after Ahimeir's support for the assassination of Hayim Arlosoroff.[12]

Lehi (founded in 1940)

The Lehi, also known as the Stern Gang, was a Revisionist Zionist militant group, founded by Avraham Stern in Mandatory Palestine in 1940. The group split from the Irgun, and sought a similar alliance with Fascist Italy.[13] While the Lehi was not a homogeneous collective with a single political, religious, or economic ideology,[14] the group has nonetheless been described as having its "worldview in the quasi-fascist radical Right",[15] and most Lehi members appear to have been admirers of the Italian Fascist movement.[16] Lehi publications described Jews as a master race and Arabs as a slave race,[17] [18] [19] and the group advocated mass expulsion of all Arabs from Palestine and Transjordan or even their physical annihilation.[20]

In the 2003 book "The Hope Fulfilled: The Rise of Modern Israel", Leslie Stein wrote that the Lehi also believed Nazi Germany was less of an enemy of the Jews than Britain was, and attempted to form an alliance with the Nazis, proposing a Jewish state based on "nationalist and totalitarian principles, and linked to the German Reich by an alliance".[21] [22]

Avraham Stern, then commander of the Lehi, objected to the White Paper of 1939, British plans to restrict Jewish immigration and Jewish land purchase in Palestine, and proposed the creation of a binational Jewish-Arab Palestine. calling for an armed struggle against the British instead.[23] [24]

Israel (from 1948 to 2020)

Kach party (active from 1971–1994)

See also: Kach (political party).

The Kach party, founded by Rabbi Meir Kahane in 1971, was a far-right, Orthodox Jewish and Religious Zionist political party in Israel. The party's ideology, known as Kahanism, advocated the transfer of the Arab population from Israel, and it also advocated the establishment of a Jewish theocratic state, a state in which Jews would be the only inhabitants who would have voting rights.[25]

Likud Party (unified in 1988)

The Likud party, founded by Menachem Begin, and led by Benjamin Netanyahu, is the right-wing major party in Israeli politics. So, within Israel, in relative terms, they are centre-right, and nominally liberal. However, by international standards, and according to their international critics, they are arguably "far right".[26] In early 2023 the far-right Likud-led coalition were frequently called fascists and compared to historical fascist reigemes (see below).

From the signing of the Oslo Accords to the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin (1993–1995)

See also: Oslo Accords and Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin. In Israel, the far-right opposed the Oslo Accords, and in 1995, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated for signing them by Yigal Amir, a right-wing Israeli extremist.[27] Yigal Amir, Rabin's assassin, had opposed Rabin's peace process, particularly the signing of the Oslo Accords, because he felt that an Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank would deny Jews their "biblical heritage which they had reclaimed by establishing settlements".[28] Rabin was also criticized by right-wing conservatives and Likud leaders who perceived the peace process as an attempt to forfeit the occupied territories and a surrender to Israel's enemies.[29] [30] After the murder, it was revealed that Avishai Raviv, a well-known right-wing extremist at the time, was a Shin Bet agent and informant.[31] Prior to Rabin's murder, Raviv was filmed with a poster of Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin in an SS uniform.[32] [33] [34] His mission was to monitor the activities of right-wing extremists, and he allegedly knew of Yigal Amir's plans to assassinate Rabin.[35]

Otzma Yehudit (founded in 2012)

See also: Otzma Yehudit and Itamar Ben Gvir. In the 21st century, Otzma Yehudit or Jewish Power, a religious Zionist political party led by Kahanists, has been characterized as being a fascistic in nature.[36] [37] Israeli sociologist Eva Illouz has called Otzma Yehudit leader Itamar Ben Gvir representative of Jewish fascism.[38]

This aspect of its ideology is often described as being inherited from the Kach movement,[39] [40] and as having been propelled to the fore by Netanyahu's bringing of religious Zionist parties into government.[41] [42]

Israeli politics in the 2020s

December 2022 cabinet of Israel

See also: 37th government of Israel and Far-right politics in Israel.

The 37th Cabinet of Israel, formed on 29 December 2022, following the Knesset election on 1 November 2022, has been described as the most right-wing government in Israeli history,[43] [44] [45] [46] as well as Israel's most religious government.[47] [48] The coalition government consists of seven parties—Likud, United Torah Judaism, Shas, Religious Zionist Party, Otzma Yehudit, Noam, and National Unity—and is led by Benjamin Netanyahu.[49] In association with the 2023 Israeli judicial reform the Likud-led Thirty-seventh government of Israel was frequently described as "Fascist" or "Dictatorial".[50] [51] [52]

2023 Judicial reforms

See also: 2023 Israeli judicial reform.

In 2023, as part of a campaign for judicial reform, a bill known as the "reasonableness" bill was passed in Israel. This controversial law limited the power of the Supreme Court to declare government decisions unreasonable.[53] In one instance, more than 80,000 Israeli protesters rallied in Tel Aviv against the far-right government's plans to overhaul the judicial system.[54] In early 2024, the Supreme Court of Israel struck down the reform[55] on the grounds that it would deal a "severe and unprecedented blow to the core characteristics of the State of Israel as a democratic state".[56]

Allegations of fascism and comparisons to past fascist regimes

During 2022 and 2023, the Likud-led far right coalition was frequently described as "Fascist" or a dictatorship, and other references to extreme authoritarianism, such as "Stalinist" (the authoritarian aspects of Stalin, not the economics).[57]

In association with the 2023 Israeli judicial reform the Likud-led far-right coalition were compared to Germany in the 1930s, by journalists and historians within in Israel.[51] [58]

In February 2023 Yossi Klein said, "Protests are for a democracy. Protests aren't effective in a dictatorship, and the dictatorship is already here," in a Haaretz opinion piece titled "Germany 1933, Israel 2023".[51]

Criticism by Israeli Holocaust historian Daniel Blatman

Daniel Blatman, an Israeli historian whose specialty is the history of the Holocaust, is the head of the Institute for Contemporary Jewry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. When he was interviewed for Haaretz by Ayelett Suhani, Blatman stated "Israel's government has neo-Nazi ministers. It really does recall Germany in 1933".[59] His remarks drew some international attention from long-standing critics of Israel.[60] However, while he was specifically referring to the authoritarian aspects of 1930s Germany, he did not make direct comparisons to either the ghettos or the Holocaust.[58]

Additionally, Blatman has compared the current Israeli government to a previous Israeli government. In 2010, he published an opinion article in Haaretz titled, "1932 Is Already Here".[61]

Comparisons to fascist regimes in commentary on Israeli politics

References to fascism or comparisons to past fascist regimes in commentary on Israeli politics ! Date Published !! Title !! Publication !! Author or person interviewed
2023-02-10 Israel’s government has neo-Nazi ministers. It really does recall Germany in 1933[62] Daniel Blatman interviewed by Ayelett Suhani
2023-02-17 Germany 1933, Israel 2023[63]
2023-02-10 Do not march blindly into dictatorship[64]
2023-10-03 Neo-Fascism threatens Israelis and Palestinians alike[65] Elias Zananiri
2023-02-13 Unsure if Israel is a democracy foreign investors are fleeing the apartheid state[66]
2010-12-26 1932 Is Already Here.[67]
Date Headline Publication Author

Predicted provocation of a "third intifada" in 2022 and 2023

Also during 2023 (but almost always separately), many people expressed concern that the policies and actions of the Israeli far-right would lead to a "third intifada". Such as Haaretz journalist Amos Harel.[68] But this commentary went largely unnoticed outside of Israel and the middle east.[69]

In 2024, many individuals and groups on the far-right in Israel are advocating for the reoccupation of Gaza following the Israel–Hamas war.[70]

In March 2023, Yoav Gallant warned that something like 7 October attacks was looming, and was almost fired by Netanyahu for doing so.[71]

Genocidal rhetoric in the 2023 war

At the onset of the war, Defence minister Yoav Galant, who is usually considered a moderate, made extremist statements that many considered incitement to war crimes or genocide. On 9 October 2023, Yoav Galant made a speech which many consider genocidal.[72] [73] In a piece for Jewish Currents, Raz Segal (an associate professor of Holocaust and genocide studies at Stockton University and the endowed professor in the study of modern genocide)[74] wrote that the assault on Gaza can also be understood in other terms: as "a textbook case of genocide".[75]

See also

Fascism

History

Violence

Racism and genocide

Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Israeli attack on Gaza

Sabra and Shatila massacre

Xenophobia vs pluralism

Asia and the Middle East

Religious nationalism

History of Zionism

Types of Zionism

Zionist political violence

Anti-nationalist religious extremism

Notes and References

  1. Zouplna . Jan . 2008 . Revisionist Zionism: Image, Reality and the Quest for Historical Narrative . Middle Eastern Studies . en . 44 . 1 . 3–27 . 10.1080/00263200701711754 . 0026-3206.
  2. Book: Kaplan, Eran . The Jewish radical right: Revisionist Zionism and its ideological legacy . 2005 . University of Wisconsin Press . 978-0-299-20380-1 . Studies on Israel . Madison, Wis . 21, 149–150, 156.
  3. Brenner . Lenni . 1983 . Zionism-Revisionism: The Years of Fascism and Terror . Journal of Palestine Studies . 13 . 1 . 66–92 . 10.2307/2536926 . 2536926 . JSTOR.
  4. TAMIR . DAN . 2014 . FROM A FASCIST'S NOTEBOOK TO THE PRINCIPLES OF REBIRTH: THE DESIRE FOR SOCIAL INTEGRATION IN HEBREW FASCISM, 1928–1942 . The Historical Journal . 57 . 4 . 1062–1063 . 10.1017/S0018246X14000053 . 24531975 . 0018-246X.
  5. Shlaim . Avi . 1996 . Shindle . Colin . Shamir . Yitzhak . Arens . Moshe . Begin . Ze‘ev B. . Netanyahu . Benjamin . The Likud in Power: The Historiography of Revisionist Zionism . Israel Studies . 1 . 2 . 279 . 10.2979/ISR.1996.1.2.278 . 30245501 . 1084-9513.
  6. Larsen, Stein Ugelvik (ed.). Fascism Outside of Europe. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. . pp. 364–365.
  7. Naor . Arye . 2006 . Review of The Triumph of Military Zionism: Nationalism and the Origins of the Israeli Right . Israel Studies . 11 . 3 . 176 . 10.1353/is.2006.0029 . 30245655 . 1084-9513.
  8. TAMIR . DAN . 2014 . FROM A FASCIST'S NOTEBOOK TO THE PRINCIPLES OF REBIRTH: THE DESIRE FOR SOCIAL INTEGRATION IN HEBREW FASCISM, 1928–1942 . The Historical Journal . 57 . 4 . 1080 . 10.1017/S0018246X14000053 . 24531975 . 0018-246X.
  9. https://www.wsj.com/articles/book-review-jabotinsky-by-hillel-halkin-1401485993 Douglas Feith Book Review:Jabotinsky by Hillel Halkin
  10. Yaacov Shavit Jabotinsky and the Revisionist Movement 1925–1948 p.336 and the XIIth ch Revisionism and Fascism – Image and Interpretation p.349 and al.in Oxon, England, UK: Frank Cass & Co, Ltd.,1988
  11. Larsen, p377.
  12. Web site: The Assassination of Hayim Arlosoroff. 2021-08-05. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
  13. Book: Sofer . Sasson . Zionism and the foundations of Israeli diplomacy . Shefer-Vanson . Dorothea . 1998 . Cambridge University Press . 978-0-521-63012-2 . Cambridge, U.K. ; New York, NY . 253–254.
  14. Israel Eldad, The First Tithe, p. 84
  15. Perliger and Weinberg, 2003, p. 108.
  16. Perliger and Weinberg, 2003, p. 107.
  17. Jabotinsky and the Revisionist Movement 1925–1948. Yaacov Shavit, Routledge; 1st ed., 1988) p. 231 "Articles in contemporary Lehi publications talked about the Jewish nation as a heroic people, even a 'master race' (in contrast to the Arabs, who were considered a nation of slaves)"
  18. Sasha Polakow-Suransky, "The Unspoken Alliance: Israel's Secret Relationship with Apartheid South Africa", p. 107
  19. "Religious Fundamentalism and Political Extremism", edited by Leonard Weinberg, Ami Pedahzur, p. 112, Routledge, 2008
  20. "Religious Fundamentalism and Political Extremism", edited by Leonard Weinberg, Ami Pedahzur, p. 112, Routledge, 2008
  21. Leslie Stein,The Hope Fulfilled: The Rise of Modern Israel, Greenwood Publishing Group 2003 pp. 237–238.
  22. Book: Stein . Leslie . The hope fulfilled : the rise of modern Israel . 2003 . Praeger . Westport, Conn. USA . 2024-05-22 . https://archive.org/details/hopefulfilledris00lesl . 2013-09-17 . Donor: Boston Public Library.
  23. Book: Medoff . Rafael . Historical dictionary of Zionism . Waxman . Chaim I. . 2013 . . 9781135966492 . 183.
  24. Book: Colin Shindler . The Land beyond Promise: Israel, Likud and the Zionist dream . I.B. Tauris . 1995 . 978-1-86064-774-1 . 22.
  25. Book: The Sage encyclopedia of terrorism . 2011 . SAGE Publications . 978-1-4129-8016-6 . Martin . Gus . 2nd . Thousand Oaks, Calif . 321 . Kushner . Harvey W..
  26. News: Harb . Farah Najjar,Ali . Israel-Hamas war updates: Displaced 'killed point-blank' in Gaza school . 21 May 2024 . Al Jazeera . 29 December 2022 . en.
  27. Book: Rabin, Leah . Rabin: His Life, Our Legacy . G.P. Putnam's Sons . 1997 . 0-399-14217-7 . 7, 11–12.
  28. Smith, Charles D. Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict A History with Documents,, pp. 458
  29. Book: Newton, Michael . Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia, Volume 2 . 2014 . ABC-CLIO . 978-1-61-069285-4 . Santa Barbara, Calif. . 450 . Rabin, Yitzhak . https://books.google.com/books?id=F4-dAwAAQBAJ&q=yitzhak+rabin.
  30. Book: Tucker, Ernest . The Middle East in Modern World History . 2016 . Routledge . 978-1-31-550823-8 . 331–32.
  31. Book: Ephron, Dan . Killing a king: the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin and the remaking of Israel . 2015 . W. W. Norton & Company . 978-0-393-24209-6 . 1st . New York London . 137.
  32. Barnea . Avner . 2017-01-02 . The Assassination of a Prime Minister–The Intelligence Failure that Failed to Prevent the Murder of Yitzhak Rabin . The International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs . en . 19 . 1 . 37 . 10.1080/23800992.2017.1289763 . 2380-0992.
  33. Book: Hellinger . Moshe . Religious Zionism and the settlement project: ideology, politics, and civil disobedience . Hershkowitz . Isaac . Susser . Bernard . 2018 . . 978-1-4384-6839-6 . Albany . 105.
  34. https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/26/world/ex-undercover-agent-charged-as-a-link-in-rabin-killing.html Ex-Undercover Agent Charged as a Link in Rabin Killing
  35. Book: Cohen-Almagor, Raphael . The scope of tolerance: studies on the costs of free expression and freedom of the press . . 2006 . 978-0-415-35758-6 . New York, NY . 137.
  36. News: Zogby . James . 23 March 2021 . Netanyahu Is Letting Israel's Fascists Enter by the Front Door . en-US . .
  37. News: Solomon . Esther . 10 September 2023 . When a Jewish Fascist Moves Into Your Neighborhood. en. Haaretz.
  38. News: Illouz . Eva . 15 November 2022 . La troisième force politique en Israël représente ce que l'on est bien obligé d'appeler, à contrecœur, un "fascisme juif" . fr . .
  39. News: Kahane Movement: Origins and Influence on Israeli Politics . 28 July 2022 . Khatib, Ibrahim . If the Kach Movement and its legacy represent fascism and racism, this fascist legacy has been transmitted and continues to be passed on to certain Israeli people, parties and movements, as is the case with Otzma Yehudit and other more radical movements, including the Hilltop Youth Group, Lahava, and La Familia.. }
  40. News: Liba . Dror . 21 February 2019 . Otzma Yehudit's history of racism and provocation. en. Ynet.
  41. Web site: Horowitz, Amiad . Israeli extremists propelled to power alongside Netanyahu, accelerating global neo-fascist trend . Guardian (Sydney) . 2022 . 12 . 12 .
  42. Khaled, T. . 2022 . A Palestinian Perspective on the Recent Israeli Elections . Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics, and Culture . 27 . 3/4 . 152–157 . .
  45. Web site: Carrie Keller-Lynn . 21 December 2022 . "I've done it": Netanyahu announces his 6th government, Israel's most hardline ever . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230114151012/https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-announces-his-sixth-government-israels-most-hardline-yet/ . 14 January 2023 . 21 December 2022 . The Times of Israel.
  46. News: Tal . Rob Picheta,Hadas Gold,Amir . 29 December 2022 . Benjamin Netanyahu sworn in as leader of Israel's likely most right-wing government ever . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230228233951/https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/29/middleeast/israel-benjamin-netanyahu-swearing-in-intl/index.html . 28 February 2023 . 2022-12-29 . CNN . en.
    • News: Maltz . Judy . 3 November 2022 . Will Israel Become a Theocracy? Religious Parties Are Election's Biggest Winners . subscription . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221107064219/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/2022-11-03/ty-article/.premium/will-israel-become-a-theocracy-religious-parties-are-elections-biggest-winners/00000184-3db9-dc3c-a1ac-bfbb83b40000 . 7 November 2022 . 6 November 2022 . Haaretz.
    • News: Levinthal . Batya . 4 January 2023 . Poll: 70% of secular Israelis worry about their future under new gov . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230311071714/https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/society/1672816844-70-of-secular-israelis-worry-about-their-future-under-new-gov-t-poll . 11 March 2023 . 11 March 2023 . . Netanyahu's new government, deemed the most religious and right-wing in the country's history..
  48. News: Gross . Judah Ari . 4 November 2022 . Israel poised to have its most religious government; experts say no theocracy yet . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221106022726/https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-poised-to-have-its-most-religious-government-but-experts-say-no-theocracy-yet/ . 6 November 2022 . 6 November 2022 . The Times of Israel.
  49. Web site: Elections and Parties . 2024-03-23 . en.idi.org.il . en.
  50. News: Klein . Yossi . Do not march blindly into dictatorship . 16 May 2024 . Haaretz . 10 February 2023 . en.
  51. News: Klein . Yossi . Germany 1933, Israel 2023 . 16 May 2024 . Haaretz . 17 February 2023 . en.
  52. News: Zananiri . Elias . Israeli Neo-Fascism threatens Israelis and Palestinians alike . 16 May 2024 . Haaretz . 3 October 2023 . en.
  53. Web site: Hadas . Gold . Richard Allen . Greene . Amir . Tal . 2023-07-24 . Israel passed a bill to limit the Supreme Court's power. Here's what comes next . 2024-03-23 . CNN . en.
  54. News: McGarvey . Emily . 2023-01-14 . Over 80,000 Israelis protest against Supreme Court reform . 2024-03-23 . . en-GB.
  55. Web site: Beauchamp . Zack . 2024-01-03 . Israel's Supreme Court just overturned Netanyahu's pre-war power grab . 2024-03-23 . Vox . en.
  56. Web site: Edwards . Christian . 2024-01-02 . What we know about Israel's Supreme Court ruling on Netanyahu's judicial overhaul . 2024-03-23 . CNN . en.
  57. News: Klein . Yossi . Netanyahu's Stalinist purge threatens Israeli democracy . 23 May 2024 . Haaretz . 12 January 2023 . en.
  58. News: Shani . Ayelett . 'Israel's government has neo-Nazi ministers. It really does recall Germany in 1933' . 16 May 2024 . Haaretz . 10 February 2023 . en.
  59. News: Shani . Ayelett . 'Israel's government has neo-Nazi ministers. It really does recall Germany in 1933' . 16 May 2024 . Haaretz . 10 February 2023 . en.
  60. News: UK Labour Marxists hand out papers at party conference comparing Israel to Nazis . 24 May 2024 . 24 September 2018.
  61. News: Blatman . Daniel . 1932 is already here . 30 May 2024 . Haaretz . 26 December 2010 . en.
  62. News: Shani . Ayelett . 'Israel's government has neo-Nazi ministers. It really does recall Germany in 1933' . 16 May 2024 . Haaretz . 10 February 2023 . en.
  63. News: Klein . Yossi . Germany 1933, Israel 2023 . 16 May 2024 . Haaretz . 17 February 2023 . en.
  64. News: Klein . Yossi . Do not march blindly into dictatorship . 16 May 2024 . Haaretz . 10 February 2023 . en.
  65. News: Zananiri . Elias . Israeli Neo-Fascism threatens Israelis and Palestinians alike . 16 May 2024 . Haaretz . 3 October 2023 . en.
  66. News: Unsure if Israel is a democracy foreign investors are fleeing the apartheid state . 23 May 2024 . 13 February 2023.
  67. News: Blatman . Daniel . 1932 is already here . 30 May 2024 . Haaretz . 26 December 2010 . en.
  68. News: Harel . Amos . Will far-right minister Itamar Ben-Gvir's chutzpah trigger a third intifada? . 16 May 2024 . Haaretz . 3 February 2023 . en.
  69. News: A Third Intifada could be coming, but you won't learn about it in the New York Times. . 17 May 2024 . Mondoweiss . 5 December 2022.
  70. News: Peled . Margherita Stancati and Anat . Israel's Far Right Plots a 'New Gaza' Without Palestinians . 2024-05-03 . WSJ . en-US.
  71. News: Tibon . Amir . Israel's real problem is that Netanyahu and his far-right allies prefer Hamas . 16 May 2024 . Haaretz . 16 May 2024 . en.
  72. News: 'Human Animals': The sordid language behind Israel's genocide in Gaza . 19 May 2024 . Middle East Monitor.
  73. News: Green . Raz Segal,Penny . Intent in the genocide case against Israel is not hard to prove . 19 May 2024 . Al Jazeera . 14 January 2024 . en . A database of more than 500 statements showing Israeli incitement to genocide provides ample evidence of genocidal intent..
  74. News: Raz Segal – author profile . 19 May 2024 . Jewish Currents . en.
  75. News: A Textbook Case of Genocide . 19 May 2024 . Jewish Currents . 13 October 2023 . en.

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