Jesse D. Bloom Explained

Jesse D. Bloom is an American computational virologist and Professor in the Basic Sciences Division, the Public Health Sciences Division, and the Herbold Computational Biology Program, at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center.[1] He is also an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and an Affiliate Professor in the University of Washington departments of Genome Sciences and Microbiology.[2] [3] [4]

Education and career

Bloom obtained a B.S. in Biochemistry from the University of Chicago, an M.Phil. in Theoretical Chemistry from the University of Cambridge, and a Ph.D in Chemistry from Caltech advised by Frances Arnold. Following his Ph.D., he completed a postdoctoral fellowship in the laboratory of David Baltimore.[5] He became a professor at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center in 2011 and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in 2018.[6] [7]

Research

Bloom’s research focuses on the molecular evolution of viruses and viral proteins, particularly of rapidly-evolving RNA viruses like influenza, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2.[8] [9] [10] His lab uses a combination of computational and experimental techniques to understand how changes in viral proteins result in immune escape, drug resistance, and shifts in host specificity. His group performed the first experimental study showing that human coronaviruses evolve to escape from human antibodies.[11]

Bloom has helped lead the development of deep mutational scanning techniques for measuring the effects of large numbers of mutations in viral proteins in parallel.[12] Notably, his laboratory provided the first map of the effects of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain on folding and ACE2 affinity. Using the same technique, Bloom’s research group prospectively identified mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that erode the immunity provided by both therapeutic antibodies and naturally elicited immune responses.[13] [14] His group has integrated these measurements into an antibody-escape calculator that is used to help track SARS-CoV-2 evolution.[15] They also showed that the ability to bind human ACE2 is widespread and highly evolvable among natural SARS-related coronaviruses, highlighting the zoonotic potential of this family of viruses.[16]

Bloom's scientific work has been published in top scientific journals including Science, Nature, and Cell.[17] [16]

In addition to his scientific publications, Bloom has authored several columns with Sarah Cobey in the New York Times about SARS-CoV-2 evolution.[18] [19]

Bloom has also argued that it is important for virologists to ensure that virology research is performed responsibly and does not create biosafety or biosecurity risks. He outlined his views in a column he published on the topic in the New York Times.[20]

In 2021, Bloom was a co-author of a letter calling for further investigation of COVID-19 origins published in Science.[21] Bloom's research on the origin of COVID-19 "raised the possibility that the Chinese government might be trying to hide evidence about the pandemic’s early spread" and was the subject of a meeting with Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).[22] [23]

Honors and awards

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Jesse Bloom, Ph.D. . 2022-05-18 . Fred Hutch . en.
  2. Web site: Jesse D. Bloom . 2022-10-29 . HHMI . en.
  3. Web site: Jesse D. Bloom UW Microbiology . 2022-10-29 . microbiology.washington.edu . en.
  4. Web site: UW Genome Sciences: Jesse Bloom . 2022-10-29 . www.gs.washington.edu.
  5. Web site: 2021-03-05 . Jesse Bloom . 2022-10-29 . www.aiche.org . en.
  6. Web site: Jesse Bloom, Ph.D. . 2022-12-17 . Fred Hutch . en.
  7. Web site: Jesse D. Bloom . 2022-12-17 . HHMI . en.
  8. Thyagarajan . Bargavi . Bloom . Jesse D . 2014-07-08 . Pascual . Mercedes . The inherent mutational tolerance and antigenic evolvability of influenza hemagglutinin . eLife . 3 . e03300 . 10.7554/eLife.03300 . 2050-084X . 4109307 . 25006036 . free .
  9. Haddox . Hugh K. . Dingens . Adam S. . Bloom . Jesse D. . 2016-12-13 . Experimental Estimation of the Effects of All Amino-Acid Mutations to HIV's Envelope Protein on Viral Replication in Cell Culture . PLOS Pathogens . en . 12 . 12 . e1006114 . 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006114 . 1553-7374 . 5189966 . 27959955 . free .
  10. Starr . Tyler N. . Greaney . Allison J. . Hilton . Sarah K. . Ellis . Daniel . Crawford . Katharine H. D. . Dingens . Adam S. . Navarro . Mary Jane . Bowen . John E. . Tortorici . M. Alejandra . Walls . Alexandra C. . King . Neil P. . Veesler . David . Bloom . Jesse D. . 2020-09-03 . Deep Mutational Scanning of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Reveals Constraints on Folding and ACE2 Binding . Cell . English . 182 . 5 . 1295–1310.e20 . 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.012 . 0092-8674 . 7418704 . 32841599.
  11. Eguia . Rachel T. . Crawford . Katharine H. D. . Stevens-Ayers . Terry . Kelnhofer-Millevolte . Laurel . Greninger . Alexander L. . Englund . Janet A. . Boeckh . Michael J. . Bloom . Jesse D. . 2021-04-08 . Lauring . Adam S. . A human coronavirus evolves antigenically to escape antibody immunity . PLOS Pathogens . en . 17 . 4 . e1009453 . 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009453 . 1553-7374 . 8031418 . 33831132 . free .
  12. Dadonaite . Bernadeta . Crawford . Katharine H. D. . Radford . Caelan E. . Farrell . Ariana G. . Yu . Timothy C. . Hannon . William W. . Zhou . Panpan . Andrabi . Raiees . Burton . Dennis R. . Liu . Lihong . Ho . David D. . Neher . Richard A. . Bloom . Jesse D. . 2022-10-13 . A pseudovirus system enables deep mutational scanning of the full SARS-CoV-2 spike . 10.1101/2022.10.13.512056.
  13. Starr . Tyler N. . Greaney . Allison J. . Addetia . Amin . Hannon . William W. . Choudhary . Manish C. . Dingens . Adam S. . Li . Jonathan Z. . Bloom . Jesse D. . 2021-02-19 . Prospective mapping of viral mutations that escape antibodies used to treat COVID-19 . Science . en . 371 . 6531 . 850–854 . 10.1126/science.abf9302 . 0036-8075 . 7963219 . 33495308. 2021Sci...371..850S .
  14. Greaney . Allison J. . Loes . Andrea N. . Crawford . Katharine H. D. . Starr . Tyler N. . Malone . Keara D. . Chu . Helen Y. . Bloom . Jesse D. . 2021-03-10 . Comprehensive mapping of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain that affect recognition by polyclonal human plasma antibodies . Cell Host & Microbe . English . 29 . 3 . 463–476.e6 . 10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.003 . 1931-3128 . 7869748 . 33592168.
  15. Greaney . Allison J . Starr . Tyler N . Bloom . Jesse D . 2022-05-11 . An antibody-escape estimator for mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain . Virus Evolution . en . 8 . 1 . veac021 . 10.1093/ve/veac021 . 2057-1577 . 9092643 . 35573973.
  16. Starr . Tyler N. . Zepeda . Samantha K. . Walls . Alexandra C. . Greaney . Allison J. . Alkhovsky . Sergey . Veesler . David . Bloom . Jesse D. . March 2022 . ACE2 binding is an ancestral and evolvable trait of sarbecoviruses . Nature . 603 . 7903 . 913–918 . 10.1038/s41586-022-04464-z . 1476-4687 . 8967715 . 35114688. 2022Natur.603..913S .
  17. Starr . Tyler N. . Czudnochowski . Nadine . Liu . Zhuoming . Zatta . Fabrizia . Park . Young-Jun . Addetia . Amin . Pinto . Dora . Beltramello . Martina . Hernandez . Patrick . Greaney . Allison J. . Marzi . Roberta . Glass . William G. . Zhang . Ivy . Dingens . Adam S. . Bowen . John E. . September 2021 . SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies that maximize breadth and resistance to escape . Nature . en . 597 . 7874 . 97–102 . 10.1038/s41586-021-03807-6 . 34261126 . 9282883 . 2021Natur.597...97S . 235907733 . 1476-4687. free .
  18. News: Cobey . Sarah . Bloom . Jesse . Starr . Tyler . Lash . Nathaniel . 2022-03-28 . Opinion We Study Virus Evolution. Here's Where We Think the Coronavirus Is Going. . en-US . The New York Times . 2022-12-17 . 0362-4331.
  19. News: Bloom . Jesse . Cobey . Sarah . 2021-12-12 . Opinion A Scientist's Guide to Understanding Omicron . en-US . The New York Times . 2022-12-17 . 0362-4331.
  20. News: Bloom . Jesse . 2022-10-30 . Opinion A Plea for Making Virus Research Safer . en-US . The New York Times . 2022-12-17 . 0362-4331.
  21. Bloom . Jesse D. . Chan . Yujia Alina . Baric . Ralph S. . Bjorkman . Pamela J. . Cobey . Sarah . Deverman . Benjamin E. . Fisman . David N. . Gupta . Ravindra . Iwasaki . Akiko . Lipsitch . Marc . Medzhitov . Ruslan . Neher . Richard A. . Nielsen . Rasmus . Patterson . Nick . Stearns . Tim . 2021-05-14 . Sills . Jennifer . Investigate the origins of COVID-19 . Science . en . 372 . 6543 . 694 . 10.1126/science.abj0016 . 0036-8075 . 9520851 . 33986172. 2021Sci...372..694B .
  22. 2022-03-31 . "This Shouldn't Happen": Inside the Virus-Hunting Nonprofit at the Center of the Lab-Leak Controversy . 2022-05-18 . Vanity Fair . en-US.
  23. Bloom . Jesse D . 2021-12-09 . Nielsen . Rasmus . Recovery of Deleted Deep Sequencing Data Sheds More Light on the Early Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic . Molecular Biology and Evolution . en . 38 . 12 . 5211–5224 . 10.1093/molbev/msab246 . 1537-1719 . 8436388 . 34398234.
  24. Web site: Jan 6, 2022 . McDougall Mentoring Award .
  25. Web site: Jesse Bloom, PhD . 2022-10-29 . HHMI . en.
  26. Web site: 2016-11-14 . Good News: Malik and Bloom win ASM awards; pilot project funded by Bezos family aims to create personalized anticancer vaccines . 2022-12-17 . Fred Hutch . en.
  27. Web site: Ann Palmenberg Junior Investigator Award . 2022-12-17 . American Society for Virology . en-US.
  28. Web site: People . 2022-10-29 . Simons Foundation . en-US.
  29. Web site: Vazquez . Franck . 2015-02-17 . The 2015 Viruses Young Investigator Prize Has Been Awarded! . 2022-12-17 . MDPI Blog . en-US.
  30. Trusts . The Pew Charitable . Pew Names 22 Top Scientists as Scholars in the Biomedical Sciences . 2022-12-17 . www.prnewswire.com . en.
  31. Web site: Scholar Profile Jesse D. Bloom . Searle Scholars Program . 2 June 2023 . http://www.searlescholars.net/person/582 . September 5, 2015.

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