| Djeoromitxi | |
| Nativename: | Jabuti |
| States: | Brazil |
| Region: | Rondônia, at the headwaters of the Rio Branco |
| Ethnicity: | 170 (2012) |
| Speakers: | 40 |
| Date: | 2007 |
| Ref: | e25 |
| Familycolor: | American |
| Fam2: | Yabutian |
| Iso3: | jbt |
| Glotto: | djeo1235 |
| Glottorefname: | Djeoromitxi |
| Elp: | 3267 |
Djeoromitxi or Jabutí (Yabuti) is an endangered Yabutian language that is spoken by only about fifty people (though including some children) in Rondônia, Brazil, at the headwaters of the Rio Branco.
There is no tonal system in Djeoromitxí and accent is not contrastive. Morphophonological processes are rare.
Syllable structure follows a (C)V pattern.
The table below shows the consonant phonemes of Djeoromitxí according to Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010).
Although Pires (1992) counts /b/ /d/ as distinct phonemes, Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010) count them as allophones of /m/ /n/ before oral vowels.
| Nasal | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||
| Affricate | ps | pronounced as /link/ | ||||
| bz | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
| Trill/Tap | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
According to Pires (1992), [{{IPA link|ɸ}}] is an allophone of /pronounced as /link// before high and medium round vowels, and [{{IPA link|ɲ}}] is an allophone of /pronounced as /link// following the high nasal vowel /pronounced as /link//.
While /ps/ and /bz/ only occur before /i/, they are contrastive with the other bilabial obstruents.
According to Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010), /k/ is backed to [q] before [ʉ] and often aspirated before /ə/ and /u/. They state that /p/ is realized as [ɸ] or [pɸ] before back vowels and [ʉ].
When preceded by a personal prefix, or when starting the second element of a compound, /h/ becomes /r/. With some roots, /h/ can become /n/ in a similar manner.
The tables below show the vowel phonemes of Djeoromitxí according to Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010).
The accounts of Pires (1992) and Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010) basically agree on the vowel phonemes.
| Close | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close-mid | pronounced as /link/ | |||
| Open-mid | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||
| Open | pronounced as /link/ |
| Close | pronounced as /link/ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open-mid | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||
| Open | pronounced as /link/ |
According to Pires (1992), [{{IPA link|ũ}}] is an allophone of /pronounced as /link// in free variation with [{{IPA link|õ}}] after /pronounced as /link//.
Ribeiro and van der Voort (2010) state that /ʉ/ is often realized as [ø].
Djeoromitxí has nouns, verbs, adverbs and particles, with adjectives treated as intransitive verbs. Its syntax is noun-modifier and SOV or OVS in order.
The following examples demonstrate noun-modifier and SOV word order.
The following table shows Djeoromitxí pronominal forms.
| Pronoun | Possessive/Preposition | Intransitive subject | Transitive subject | Transitive object | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | hʉ | — | — | hʉ| — | |||
| 2nd person | adʒɛ | a- | a- | adʒɛ | a-/adʒɛ |
| 3rd person | na | i-/N | i-/na/N | na/N | i-/N |
| 1st person plural | hirʉ | hi- | hi- | hirʉ | hi- |
| Impersonal | — | hi-| — | — | i-/ɛ-|} The use of the forms is illustrated in the following examples: ReferencesWorks cited
External links |