Jenny Clack Explained

Jenny Clack
Birth Name:Jennifer Alice Agnew
Birth Date:1947 11, df=yes
Nationality:English
Alma Mater:Newcastle University (BSc, PhD)
University of Leicester
University of Cambridge (MA)
Known For:Gaining Ground: the Origin and Early Evolution of Tetrapods (2002)
Field:Zoology
Palaeontology
Evolutionary biology

Jennifer Alice Clack, (née Agnew; 3 November 1947 – 26 March 2020) was an English palaeontologist and evolutionary biologist. She specialised in the early evolution of tetrapods, specifically studying the "fish to tetrapod" transition: the origin, evolutionary development and radiation of early tetrapods and their relatives among the lobe-finned fishes. She is best known for her book Gaining Ground: the Origin and Early Evolution of Tetrapods, published in 2002 (second edition, 2012) and written with the layperson in mind.

Clack was curator at the Museum of Zoology and Professor of Vertebrate Palaeontology at the University of Cambridge, where she devoted her career to studying the early development of tetrapods, the "four-legged" animals said to have evolved from Devonian lobe-finned fishes and colonised the freshwater swamps of the Carboniferous period.

Early life and education

Clack was born on 3 November 1947, the only child of Ernest and Alice Agnew.[1] She was brought up in Manchester, England.[2] She was educated at Bolton School (Girls' Division), a private school in Bolton, Lancashire. She received a B.Sc. in Zoology from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1970. In 1978, she accepted an invitation from Alec Panchen to obtain a Ph.D. from the same university, at the encouragement of her then new boyfriend Rob Clack. They married in 1980. Her doctorate was completed in 1984. She also held a Graduate Certificate in Museum Studies from the University of Leicester and an MA from the University of Cambridge. On 9 December 2000, she was awarded a Doctor of Science (ScD) degree by the University of Cambridge.[3]

Academic career

In 1981, Clack joined the University Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, as an Assistant Curator. She was promoted to Senior Assistant Curator in 1995. Since 2005, she has been Curator in Vertebrate Palaeontology at the museum. In 2006, she was awarded a personal chair by the University of Cambridge, and took the title Professor of Vertebrate Palaeontology.[4] She retired in 2015 and became Emeritus Professor of Vertebrate Palaeontology at the museum.[5] In 1997, Clack was elected a Fellow of Darwin College, Cambridge;[6] since 1 October 2015, she has been an Emeritus Fellow.[7] [8] From 2000 to 2005, she was Reader in Vertebrate Palaeontology at the University of Cambridge. On 1 October 2006, Clack was awarded a personal chair by Cambridge, taking the title Professor of Vertebrate Palaeontology.[9]

Clack is best known for her extensive body of work on early tetrapods, much of which redefined how paleontologists conceived of the evolution of limbs and other features associated with tetrapods' transition from other lobe-finned fishes. She began her career working primarily on the ear of early tetrapods[10] and later expanded to more broadly addressing the osteology and evolution of tetrapods. Together with Michael Coates (University of Chicago), Clack defined what is known as "Romer's Gap",[11] a major gap in the fossil record of early tetrapods and one that she subsequently began to fill in collaboration with other paleontologists. Clack also undertook extensive fieldwork expeditions in order to search for further remains of early tetrapods. In 1987, during an expedition to East Greenland, Clack and her team discovered the remains of the Devonian tetrapods Acanthostega and Ichthyostega, following up on field notes of researchers who had collected material of Acanthostega in 1970.[12] Additional surveys in 1998 led to the collection of substantial new material, including what is now recognized as Ymeria.[13] Most recently, she led a major consortium project (TW:eed[14]) investigating some exciting new fossils from Northumberland and the Borders Region of Scotland which date from the Tournaisian stage of the earliest Carboniferous period; this project has produced numerous publications furthering the understanding of early tetrapod evolution.[15] [16] [17] [18]

Over the course of her lengthy career, Clack published in some of the most notable scientific journals, including Nature,[19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] Science,[34] [35] and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences[36] [37] and is one of the most published vertebrate paleontologists in Nature, arguably the leading scientific journal in the world, with over 15 papers in that journal alone. In addition to her Gaining Ground book, Clack also co-authored a volume of the Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie series on early tetrapods with Andrew Milner in 2015[38] and co-edited a volume on the evolution of hearing in 2016.[39]

Clack is probably best known for discovering that the earliest tetrapods had more than five toes per foot: the Upper Devonian tetrapods from East Greenland, Ichthyostega had seven while Acanthostega had eight (compared to the six toes of the Russian Devonian tetrapod Tulerpeton). This suggests that pentadactyly was not an ancestral trait for tetrapods.[40]

Clack supervised many graduate students who went on to pursue successful careers in paleontology and evolutionary biology, including Per Ahlberg (Uppsala University), Paul Upchurch (University College London), Michael Lee (Flinders University), and Matthew Friedman (University of Michigan). In April 2012 she was featured in an episode[41] of the BBC television series Beautiful Minds, a set of documentaries about scientists who have made important discoveries. This may be viewed on YouTube.[42] Clack was honored by her peers with a festschrift published in 2019.

Taxa named by Jennifer Clack and colleagues!Year!Taxon!Authors
2020Rossichthys clackae gen. et sp. novJohanson et al.[43]
2020Brittagnathus minutus gen. et sp. nov.Ahlberg & Clack[44]
2019Parmastega aelidae gen. et sp. nov.Beznosov, Clack, Lukševičs, Ruta & Ahlberg
2019Limanichthys fraseri gen. et sp. nov. Challands et al.[45]
2018Celsiodon ahlbergi gen. et sp. nov.Clack, Challands, Smithon & Smithson[46]
2018Mesanerpeton woodi gen. et sp. nov.Smithson & Clack[47]
2018Whitropus longicalcus gen. et sp. nov.Richards et al.[48]
2018Deltodus tubineus sp. nov.Richards et al.
2017Spathicephalus marsdeni sp. nov. Smithson et al.[49]
2016Perittodus apsconditus gen. et sp. nov.Clack & Smithson[50]
2016Koilops herma gen. et sp. nov.Clack & Smithson
2016Ossirarus kierani gen. et sp. nov.Clack & Smithson
2016Diploradus austiumensis gen. et sp. nov.Clack & Smithson
2016Aytonerpeton microps gen. et sp. nov.Clack & Smithson
2015Ctenodus williei sp. nov.Smithson, Richards & Clack[51]
2015Ctenodus whitropei sp. nov.Smithson, Richards & Clack
2015Ctenodus roberti sp. nov.Smithson, Richards & Clack
2015Xylognathus macrustenus gen. et sp. nov.Smithson, Richards & Clack
2015Ballagadus rossi gen. et sp. nov.Smithson, Richards & Clack
2015Ballagadus caustrimi sp. nov.Smithson, Richards & Clack
2015Coccovedus celatus gen. et sp. nov.Smithson, Richards & Clack
2015Occludus romeri gen. nov.Smithson, Richards & Clack
2012Ymeria denticulata gen. et sp. nov.Clack, Ahlberg, Blöm & Finney[52]
2011Kirktonecta milnerae gen. et sp. nov.Clack[53]
2004Occidens portlocki gen. et sp. nov.Clack & Ahlberg[54]
2003Kyrinion martilli gen. et sp. nov.Clack[55]
2002Pederpes finneyae gen. et sp. nov.Clack
1998Eucritta melanolimnetes gen. et sp. nov.Clack
1993Silvanerpeton miripedes gen. et sp. nov.Clack[56]

Death

Clack died on 26 March 2020 at the age of 72, after a five-year battle with endometrial cancer.[57]

Honours

In 2008, Clack was awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal from the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the first woman to achieve the honor.[58]

In 2009, Clack was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society,[59] the first female vertebrate paleontologist to achieve the honor.[60] She has also been elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[61]

On 15 June 2013, Clack was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science (DSc) degree by the University of Chicago. The university described her as "an internationally preeminent palaeontologist whose research has profoundly changed the understanding of the origin of terrestrial vertebrate life."[62] Also in 2013, she was awarded the T Neville George Medal by the Geological Society of Glasgow.[63]

On 17 July 2014, she was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree by the University of Leicester.[64] Also in 2014, she was made an Honorary Foreign Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.[65]

In 2018, she won the Palaeontological Association's most prestigious award, the Lapworth Medal.[66]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: CLACK, Prof. Jennifer Alice. Who's Who 2015. Oxford University Press. 3 November 2015. November 2014.
  2. Web site: Clack. Rob. Jenny Clack – Biography. The Clacks. 3 November 2015. 6 October 2009.
  3. News: Congregation of the Regent House on 9 December 2000. 3 November 2015. Cambridge University Reporter. 5831. 13 December 2000. 27.
  4. Web site: Clack, Prof. Jennifer Alice, (born 3 Nov. 1947), Curator in Vertebrate Palaeontology, 2005–15, and Professor, 2006–15, now Professor Emeritus of Vertebrate Palaeontology, University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge; Fellow, Darwin College, Cambridge, 1997–2015, now Emeritus . . Oxford University Press . 10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U249891 . 1 December 2020.
  5. Ruta. Marcello. Ahlberg. Per E.. Smithson. Timothy R.. 2018. Fossils, function and phylogeny: Papers on early vertebrate evolution in honour of Professor Jennifer A. Clack – Introduction. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. en. 109. 1–2. 1–14. 10.1017/S1755691019000057. 1755-6910. free.
  6. News: Darwin College. 3 November 2015. Cambridge University Reporter. 5718. 5 November 1997. 24.
  7. News: College Notices – Darwin College. 3 November 2015. Cambridge University Reporter. 6396. 23 September 2015. 12.
  8. Web site: Master & fellows. Darwin College, Cambridge. University of Cambridge. 3 November 2015.
  9. News: Report of the General Board on Senior Academic Promotions. Cambridge University Reporter. 6036. 17 May 2006. 17.
  10. Clack. J. A.. 1983. The stapes of the Coal Measures embolomere Pholiderpeton scutigerum Huxley (Amphibia: Anthracosauria) and otic evolution in early tetrapods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 79. 2. 121–148. 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb01163.x. 0024-4082.
  11. Coates. Michael I.. Clack. Jennifer A.. 1995. Romer's gap: Tetrapod origins and terrestriality. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Section C. 4e série. 17. 373–388.
  12. Web site: 17 July 2014. Professor Jennifer Clack (Doctor of Science). 3 November 2015. Press Office. University of Leicester.
  13. CLACK. JENNIFER A.. AHLBERG. PER E.. BLOM. HENNING. FINNEY. SARAH M.. 2012. A new genus of Devonian tetrapod from North-East Greenland, with new information on the lower jaw of Ichthyostega. Palaeontology. 55. 1. 73–86. 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01117.x. 2012Palgy..55...73C . 0031-0239. free.
  14. Web site: The TWeed project: Evolution's Missing Chapter. 2020-07-12. National Museums Scotland. en.
  15. Clack. Jennifer A.. Bennett. Carys E.. Carpenter. David K.. Davies. Sarah J.. Fraser. Nicholas C.. Kearsey. Timothy I.. Marshall. John E. A.. Millward. David. Otoo. Benjamin K. A.. Reeves. Emma J.. Ross. Andrew J.. 22421017. 2016-12-05. Phylogenetic and environmental context of a Tournaisian tetrapod fauna. Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1. 1. 2. 10.1038/s41559-016-0002. 28812555. 2397-334X.
  16. Otoo. Benjamin K. A.. Clack. Jennifer A.. Smithson. Timothy R.. Bennett. Carys E.. Kearsey. Timothy I.. Coates. Michael I.. 2018-10-03. A fish and tetrapod fauna from Romer's Gap preserved in Scottish Tournaisian floodplain deposits. Palaeontology. 62. 2. 225–253. 10.1111/pala.12395. 0031-0239. free.
  17. Smithson. Timothy R.. Clack. Jennifer A.. 2017. A new tetrapod from Romer's Gap reveals an early adaptation for walking. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 108. 1. 89–97. 10.1017/s1755691018000075. 232149117. 1755-6910.
  18. Clack. Jennifer A.. Bennett. Carys E.. Davies. Sarah J.. Scott. Andrew C.. Sherwin. Janet E.. Smithson. Timothy R.. 2019-01-03. A Tournaisian (earliest Carboniferous) conglomerate-preserved non-marine faunal assemblage and its environmental and sedimentological context. PeerJ. en. 6. e5972. 10.7717/peerj.5972. 2167-8359. 6321757. 30627480 . free .
  19. Clack. J. A.. 4348808. 1989. Discovery of the earliest-known tetrapod stapes. Nature. 342. 6248. 425–427. 10.1038/342425a0. 2586610. 1989Natur.342..425C. 0028-0836.
  20. Coates. M. I.. Clack. J. A.. 4340202. 1991. Fish-like gills and breathing in the earliest known tetrapod. Nature. 352. 6332. 234–236. 10.1038/352234a0. 1991Natur.352..234C. 0028-0836.
  21. Ahlberg. Per E.. Clack. Jennifer A.. Luks̆evic̆s. Ervīns. 4338219. 1996. Rapid braincase evolution between Panderichthys and the earliest tetrapods. Nature. 381. 6577. 61–64. 10.1038/381061a0. 1996Natur.381...61A. 0028-0836.
  22. Clack. Jennifer A.. 204998306. 1998. A new Early Carboniferous tetrapod with a mélange of crown-group characters. Nature. 394. 6688. 66–69. 10.1038/27895. 1998Natur.394...66C. 0028-0836.
  23. Clack. J. A.. 741732. 2002. An early tetrapod from 'Romer's Gap'. Nature. en. 418. 6893. 72–76. 10.1038/nature00824. 12097908. 2002Natur.418...72C . 0028-0836.
  24. Clack. J. A.. Ahlberg. P. E.. Finney. S. M.. Dominguez Alonso. P.. Robinson. J.. Ketcham. R. A.. 4411060. 2003. A uniquely specialized ear in a very early tetrapod. Nature. 425. 6953. 65–69. 10.1038/nature01904. 12955140. 2003Natur.425...65C. 0028-0836.
  25. Clément. Gaël. Ahlberg. Per E.. Blieck. Alain. Blom. Henning. Clack. Jennifer A.. Poty. Edouard. Thorez. Jacques. Janvier. Philippe. 4414996. 2004. Devonian tetrapod from western Europe. Nature. 427. 6973. 412–413. 10.1038/427412a. 14749820. 0028-0836.
  26. Ahlberg. Per Erik. Clack. Jennifer A.. Blom. Henning. 4370488. 2005. The axial skeleton of the Devonian tetrapod Ichthyostega. Nature. 437. 7055. 137–140. 10.1038/nature03893. 16136143. 2005Natur.437..137A. 0028-0836.
  27. Ahlberg. Per Erik. Clack. Jennifer A.. 4392361. 2006. A firm step from water to land. Nature. 440. 7085. 748–749. 10.1038/440747a. 16598240. 0028-0836. free.
  28. Ahlberg. Per E.. Clack. Jennifer A.. Lukševičs. Ervīns. Blom. Henning. Zupiņš. Ivars. 4344417. 2008. Ventastega curonica and the origin of tetrapod morphology. Nature. 453. 7199. 1199–1204. 10.1038/nature06991. 18580942. 2008Natur.453.1199A. 0028-0836.
  29. Pierce. Stephanie E.. Clack. Jennifer A.. Hutchinson. John R.. 3127857. 2012-05-23. Three-dimensional limb joint mobility in the early tetrapod Ichthyostega. Nature. 486. 7404. 523–526. 10.1038/nature11124. 22722854. 2012Natur.486..523P. 0028-0836.
  30. Pierce. Stephanie E.. Ahlberg. Per E.. Hutchinson. John R.. Molnar. Julia L.. Sanchez. Sophie. Tafforeau. Paul. Clack. Jennifer A.. 4329395. 2013-01-13. Vertebral architecture in the earliest stem tetrapods. Nature. 494. 7436. 226–229. 10.1038/nature11825. 23334417. 2013Natur.494..226P. 0028-0836.
  31. Clack. Jennifer A.. 4392314. 2015. The origin of terrestrial hearing. Nature. 519. 7542. 168–169. 10.1038/519168a. 25762279. 0028-0836. free.
  32. Sanchez. Sophie. Tafforeau. Paul. Clack. Jennifer A.. Ahlberg. Per E.. 2016. Life history of the stem tetrapod Acanthostega revealed by synchrotron microtomography. Nature. 537. 7620. 408–411. 10.1038/nature19354. 27602519. 6485594. 2016Natur.537..408S. 0028-0836.
  33. Beznosov. Pavel A.. Clack. Jennifer A.. Lukševičs. Ervīns. Ruta. Marcello. Ahlberg. Per Erik. 204848799. 2019. Morphology of the earliest reconstructable tetrapod Parmastega aelidae. Nature. 574. 7779. 527–531. 10.1038/s41586-019-1636-y. 31645719. 2019Natur.574..527B. 0028-0836.
  34. Clack. J. A.. 2004-04-02. PALEONTOLOGY: Enhanced: From Fins to Fingers. Science. 304. 5667. 57–58. 10.1126/science.1096415. 15060312. 82119710. 0036-8075.
  35. Callier. V.. Clack. J. A.. Ahlberg. P. E.. 28461841. 2009-04-17. Contrasting Developmental Trajectories in the Earliest Known Tetrapod Forelimbs. Science. 324. 5925. 364–367. 10.1126/science.1167542. 19372425. 2009Sci...324..364C. 0036-8075.
  36. Smithson. T. R.. Wood. S. P.. Marshall. J. E. A.. Clack. J. A.. 2012-03-05. Earliest Carboniferous tetrapod and arthropod faunas from Scotland populate Romer's Gap. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109. 12. 4532–4537. 10.1073/pnas.1117332109. 22393016. 3311392. 2012PNAS..109.4532S. 0027-8424. free.
  37. Neenan. James M.. Ruta. Marcello. Clack. Jennifer A.. Rayfield. Emily J.. 2014-04-22. Feeding biomechanics in Acanthostega and across the fish–tetrapod transition. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281. 1781. 20132689. 10.1098/rspb.2013.2689. 24573844. 3953833. 0962-8452.
  38. Web site: Basal Tetrapoda. 2020-07-12. Dr. Friedrich Pfeil Publishing. en-US.
  39. Book: Evolution of the Vertebrate Ear. 2016. Springer International Publishing. 978-3-319-46659-0. Clack. Jennifer A.. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research. 59. Cham. 10.1007/978-3-319-46661-3. Fay. Richard R. Popper. Arthur N.. 36018536.
  40. Coates. M. I.. Clack. J. A.. 4319165. 1990. Polydactyly in the earliest known tetrapod limbs. Nature. 347. 6288. 66–69. 10.1038/347066a0. 1990Natur.347...66C. 0028-0836.
  41. Web site: BBC Four - Beautiful Minds, Series 2, Professor Jenny Clack. BBC.
  42. Web site: Beautiful Minds: YouTube. YouTube.
  43. Johanson. Zerina. Jeffery. Jonathan. Challands. Tom. Pierce. Stephanie. Clack. Jennifer. 27 Oct 2020. A New Look At Carboniferous Rhizodontid Humeri (Sarcopterygii; Tetrapodomorpha). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. e1813150. 3. e1813150. 10.1080/02724634.2020.1813150. 2020JVPal..40E3150J . 227241079.
  44. Ahlberg. Per E.. Clack. Jennifer A.. 2020. The smallest known Devonian tetrapod shows unexpectedly derived features. Royal Society Open Science. 7. 4. 192117. 10.1098/rsos.192117. 32431888. 7211834. 2020RSOS....792117A. 2054-5703.
  45. Challands. Tom J.. Smithson. Timothy R.. Clack. Jennifer A.. Bennett. Carys E.. Marshall. John E. A.. Wallace-Johnson. Sarah M.. Hill. Henrietta. 91623116. 2019-03-11. A lungfish survivor of the end-Devonian extinction and an Early Carboniferous dipnoan radiation. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17. 21. 1825–1846. 10.1080/14772019.2019.1572234. 1477-2019.
  46. Clack. Jennifer Alice. Challands. Thomas James. Smithson. Timothy Richard. Smithson. Keturah Zoe. 2018-11-02. Newly recognized Famennian lungfishes from East Greenland reveal tooth plate diversity and blur the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary. Papers in Palaeontology. 5. 2. 261–279. 10.1002/spp2.1242. 134074159 . 2056-2802.
  47. Smithson. Timothy R.. Clack. Jennifer A.. 2017. A new tetrapod from Romer's Gap reveals an early adaptation for walking. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. en. 108. 1. 89–97. 10.1017/S1755691018000075. 232149117. 1755-6910.
  48. Richards. Kelly R.. Sherwin. Janet E.. Smithson. Timothy R.. Bennion. Rebecca F.. Davies. Sarah J.. Marshall. John E. A.. Clack. Jennifer A.. 2017. Diverse and durophagous: Early Carboniferous chondrichthyans from the Scottish Borders. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 108. 1. 67–87. 10.1017/s1755691018000166. 133929085. 1755-6910.
  49. Smithson. Timothy R.. Browne. Michael A. E.. Davies. Sarah J.. Marshall. John E. A.. Millward. David. Walsh. Stig A.. Clack. Jennifer A.. 2017. A new Mississippian tetrapod from Fife, Scotland, and its environmental context. Papers in Palaeontology. en. 3. 4. 547–557. 10.1002/spp2.1086. 2056-2802. free. 2381/40472. free.
  50. Clack. Jennifer A.. Bennett. Carys E.. Carpenter. David K.. Davies. Sarah J.. Fraser. Nicholas C.. Kearsey. Timothy I.. Marshall. John E. A.. Millward. David. Otoo. Benjamin K. A.. Reeves. Emma J.. Ross. Andrew J.. 22421017. 2016-12-05. Phylogenetic and environmental context of a Tournaisian tetrapod fauna. Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1. 1. 2. 10.1038/s41559-016-0002. 28812555. 2397-334X.
  51. Smithson. Timothy R.. Richards. Kelly R.. Clack. Jennifer A.. 2016. Lungfish diversity in Romer's Gap: reaction to the end-Devonian extinction. Palaeontology. en. 59. 1. 29–44. 10.1111/pala.12203. 2016Palgy..59...29S . 1475-4983. free.
  52. Clack. Jennifer A.. Ahlberg. Per E.. Blom. Henning. Finney. Sarah M.. 2012. A new genus of Devonian tetrapod from North-East Greenland, with new information on the lower jaw of Ichthyostega: A NEW GENUS OF DEVONIAN TETRAPOD. Palaeontology. en. 55. 1. 73–86. 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01117.x. 2012Palgy..55...73C . free.
  53. Clack. Jennifer A.. 2011. A new microsaur from the early carboniferous (Viséan) of East Kirkton, Scotland, showing soft tissue evidence. Special Papers in Palaeontology. 29. 45–55.
  54. Book: Clack. Jennifer A.. A new stem tetrapod from the Early Carboniferous of Northern Ireland. Ahlberg. Erik. Recent Advances in the Origin and Early Radiation of Vertebrates. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. 2004. Arratia. G.. München. 309–320. Wilson. M.V.H.. Cloutier. R..
  55. Clack. J A. 2003-04-01. A new baphetid (stem tetrapod) from the Upper Carboniferous of Tyne and Wear, U.K., and the evolution of the tetrapod occiput. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 40. 4. 483–498. 10.1139/e02-065. 2003CaJES..40..483C. 0008-4077.
  56. Clack. J. A.. 1993. Silvanerpeton miripedes, a new anthracosauroid from the Viséan of East Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 84. 3–4. 369–376. 10.1017/s0263593300006179. 130790735 . 1755-6910.
  57. Web site: Aucott . Rachel . Professor Jenny Clack, FRS, 1947-2020 . www.zoo.cam.ac.uk . Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge . 27 March 2020 . en . 26 March 2020.
  58. Web site: Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal . National Academy of Sciences . 15 February 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101229194403/http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_elliot . 29 December 2010 .
  59. Ahlberg. P. E.. Smithson. T. R.. 2021. Jennifer A. Clack. 3 November 1947—26 March 2020. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 71. 79–101 . 10.1098/rsbm.2021.0008. 234771873. free.
  60. Web site: Jennifer Clack. Fellows Directory. The Royal Society. 3 November 2015.
  61. Web site: Featured Scientists Your Inner Fish PBS. www.pbs.org. 2020-03-30.
  62. Web site: Koppes . Steve . Allen . Susie . University to bestow five honorary degrees at 515th Convocation . U Chicago News . The University of Chicago. 3 November 2015. 15 May 2013.
  63. Web site: Two awards. July 4, 2013. University of Cambridge - Department of Zoology. March 30, 2020.
  64. Web site: Figures from public life to be honoured by University of Leicester. University of Leicester. 3 November 2015. 10 July 2014.
  65. Web site: Six new members elected to the Academy. 3 February 2014 .
  66. Web site: Professor Jenny Clack awarded the Palaeontological Association's Lapworth Medal. University of Cambridge - Department of Zoology. 18 December 2015. 28 March 2020.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Jenny Clack".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.