| Jennie Maria Arms Sheldon | |
| Birth Date: | 29 July 1852 |
| Birth Place: | Bellows Falls, Vermont, US |
| Death Place: | Deerfield, Massachusetts, US |
| Alma Mater: | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| Academic Advisors: | Alpheus Hyatt |
| Spouse: | George Sheldon |
Jennie Maria Arms Sheldon (July 29, 1852January 15, 1938) was an American entomologist, educator, historian, author, and museum curator. She worked closely with zoologist Alpheus Hyatt at the Boston Society of Natural History, and she was the curator of the Memorial Hall Museum in Deerfield, Massachusetts, for a quarter of a century.
Jennie Maria Arms was born in 1852 in Bellows Falls, Vermont, to Eunice Stratton (Moody) Arms and George Albert Arms, who ran a hardware store. She attended high school in Greenfield, Massachusetts, and went on to study at Mrs. Badger's School in Boston (1873–76) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1877–79). She entered MIT the year that the Woman's Laboratory opened under the direction of chemist Ellen Swallow Richards. Although she entered with the class of 1881, she did not finish her degree.
For two years beginning in 1879 she was a special student to the zoologist and palaeontologist Alpheus Hyatt at the Boston Society of Natural History (the precursor to the Boston Museum of Science). Thereafter, she continued as his assistant for another quarter of a century. For some thirteen years she also taught at Pauline Agassiz Shaw's school in Boston.
Sheldon published on zoological, geological, and historical subjects, including Insecta (1890), a survey of the insects coauthored with her mentor Alpheus Hyatt. Hyatt and Sheldon were the first to describe the scorpion flies (Mecoptera) and mayflies (Ephemeroptera).
In 1897, she married George Sheldon, a politician, judge, and historian, after which she divided her time between Boston and George's home town of Deerfield, Massachusetts. Together they catalogued the collections at Deerfield's Memorial Hall Museum—housed in a building that was formerly the home of Deerfield Academy—and Sheldon served as the museum's curator from 1913 until his death. She published several pamphlets on subjects related to the museum collections, as well as an historical biography, The Life of a New England Boy, based on her father's early life.
Sheldon belonged to several scientific organizations, including the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the National Science Club. She was also involved in women's rights organizations such as the Naples Table Association for Promoting Lab Research by Women, the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association, and the Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government.
She died in Deerfield in 1938. One of her bequests was to Deerfield Academy to found the George Albert Arms Science Building in memory of her father.