Jeffrey D. Goldman Explained

Jeffrey D. Goldman
Birth Date:23 September 1966
Birth Place:Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Occupation:Entertainment attorney
Years Active:1991–2024
Spouse:Jennifer Goldman

Jeffrey D. Goldman (born September 23, 1966) is an American former entertainment lawyer, best known for his music litigation practice and for his involvement in two influential internet law cases: A&M Records v. Napster and Perfect 10 v. Google. His cases dramatically impacted the development of Internet law and on the music industry's transformation from physical sales to digital distribution of music. He was also part of the litigation team that represented the plaintiff victims in the O. J. Simpson civil case.

During his career, Goldman was a partner at the two most prominent entertainment law firms in Los Angeles history—Mitchell Silberberg & Knupp and Loeb & Loeb[1] —both of which celebrated their 100th anniversaries while Goldman was a partner.[2] [3]

Napster case and aftermath

Goldman was a "key figure" representing the recording industry[4] in the influential[5] Napster copyright litigation.[6] [7] [8] The Recording Industry Association of America awarded him an Honorary Gold Record for his work on the case.[9] Following Napster's shutdown, one commentator observed that "[i]t took the Recording Industry Association of America's lawsuit against Napster to completely alter internet history" and quoted Goldman predicting the emergence in its place of legal alternatives such as iTunes.[10]

Following the Napster case, Goldman represented Apple Inc. and iTunes in copyright infringement claims resulting from the company's use of U2's Vertigo in commercials for the iPod.[11] [12] [13]

Goldman also represented Universal Music Group in a putative class action brought by The Chambers Brothers, The Coasters, The Drifters, and The Main Ingredient. The court rejected the artists' argument that thousands of musicians who signed record deals with the major labels’ corporate predecessors between 1956 and 1996 never granted rights to exploit their music in digital audio format, or in any format other than analog recording. The plaintiff artists had also sought a share of the major labels' settlements in the Napster case.[14]

Internet cases

Perfect 10 v. Google and Amazon cases

Goldman represented adult magazine Perfect 10 in copyright infringement lawsuits against Google and Amazon,[15] [16] [17] cited by The Verge as among the six most important Internet law cases of all time.[18] The cases had a "mixed result,"[19] [20] but helped define the parameters under which a search engine can be held liable for the infringing conduct of its users.[21] In recent years, some courts, especially those in the Southern District of New York, have rejected the Ninth Circuit's novel "server test" and adopted the arguments made by Perfect 10--that the server test is "contrary to the text and legislative history of the Copyright Act," which "defines 'to display' as 'to show a copy of' a work, not 'to make and then show a copy of the copyrighted work.'"[22]

Myxer case

Reprising the Napster playbook, Goldman was lead counsel for the four major record companies—14 record labels in all—in a lawsuit against ringtone mobile app Myxer,[23] [24] [25] [26] which was seen as "the mobile equivalent of ... the original Napster for music"[27] and allegedly had committed "tens of millions" of copyright violations.[28] After the court found Myxer liable for direct copyright infringement and rejected its fair use defense,[29] the case settled and Myxer shut down shortly thereafter.[30]

Kernel Records Oy v. Timbaland

Goldman defended music producer Timbaland in the Timbaland plagiarism controversy, a $20 million copyright infringement suit alleging that the hit Nelly Furtado song Do It sampled an obscure Finnish recording.[31] It was widely believed that Timbaland's liability was "pretty clear cut" and that he had "no argument to be made,"[32] but Timbaland ultimately prevailed on summary judgment and the court dismissed the suit.[33] [34] In this "surprising" result, Timbaland successfully argued that because the plaintiff's work was initially published on the internet, it was "simultaneously published in the US" as well as everywhere else in the world. Therefore, as a "U.S. work," the plaintiff was required to register his copyright in the work before suing--which he had failed to do.[35]

Digital download class actions

Ultimately, Goldman served as lead counsel for Universal Music Group in a class action concerning digital royalty payments to recording artists from iTunes and similar services,[36] with the plaintiff class arguing that transmission via the internet called for a much higher royalty rate for artists. After a multiyear, hard-fought battle, the last of the major-label digital download class-action settlements closed what The Hollywood Reporter called an "important chapter in the legal history of the music business."[37]

O. J. Simpson civil case

The Daily Journal wrote, "The key to Goldman's success is his earlier experience in areas outside of intellectual property law."[38] Early in his career, Goldman handled "the difficult legal research and brief writing" for the plaintiff victims in the O. J. Simpson civil wrongful death case.[39] [40] His briefs in the case included one leading to the admission of Nicole Brown's diary entries, a crucial difference from the criminal trial. Lead counsel Daniel Petrocelli explained, "The least explored aspect of the case is Simpson's motive. You cannot just say this murder was a culmination of domestic-violence incidents. You need to tell the jury a story. This was about a stormy relationship." Time magazine reported, "That strategy made the difference in understanding Simpson... Nicole's diary showed that she and Simpson were having fights in those last weeks. Their hostilities had taken a cruel turn. Simpson sent Nicole a letter that was a thinly veiled threat to report her to the IRS for failing to pay capital-gains taxes. Infuriated, she started to deny him access to the children.... She began to treat him like a stranger. That, Petrocelli said, is when three weeks of retaliation began. In that period, the lawyer argued, Simpson grew angrier and more obsessed with his ex-wife, developing a rage that resulted in death for her and Ron Goldman."[41]

The civil judge found the diary entries were admissible because they were pertinent to Nicole's state of mind, which in turn was relevant to Simpson's motive[42] —reversing a crucial ruling from the criminal case that excluded the diary as "inadmissible hearsay."[43] The civil court's novel ruling was upheld on appeal.[44] The Los Angeles Times wrote that this evidence "helped the plaintiffs tell their story of domestic violence" and show that when Nicole "rejected [Simpson] for good in the spring of 1994 ... he erupted in the same uncontrollable rage that had caused him to lash out at her in the past—only this time, he was brandishing a knife.[45] The $33.5 million civil verdict against Simpson "very nearly upstaged the president of the United States on the occasion of his State of the Union address,"[46] ending the case that "riveted America for two and a half years[.]"[47]

Other music litigation

Los Angeles Business Journal identified Goldman as one of the nation's top music litigators.[6] As "lead counsel in groundbreaking copyright infringement litigation" and "a veteran of high-stakes music industry skirmishes,"[48] he handled numerous cases that garnered media attention.

Barbie Girl case

Goldman represented MCA Records in the Barbie Girl case brought by toy company Mattel involving the interaction of trademark law with the First Amendment.[49] Mattel sought to prevent MCA from using the Barbie doll name in the hit song.[50] MCA was victorious in the case.[51] [52] Decades later, Mattel changed its position and obtained a license to use Barbie Girl as a sample in the hit song Barbie World from the Barbie movie.[53]

Nirvana/Courtney Love cases

Goldman represented Geffen Records in its disputes with Courtney Love concerning her recording contract and the Nirvana catalog.[49] Responding to Love's claims that she was "determined to radically redefine the nature of the music recording business for the next century,"[54] [55] Goldman's legal briefs dismissed Love's suit as a "meritless, inflammatory diatribe" designed to "attract media attention."[55] The court dismissed most of Love's claims before trial,[56] with the remainder of the case settling on the eve of trial.[57]

Dr. Dre/Truth Hurts Addictive case

Goldman defended Dr. Dre[2] and Aftermath Records in a $500 million lawsuit contending that Truth Hurts' hit single Addictive sampled a song from the 1981 Hindi-language film Jyoti.[58] [59] After many years of litigation, the court dismissed the case on summary judgment after applying the copyright law of India to the claims.[60] [61]

UMG Recordings v. Centric Group

In 2015, Goldman represented Universal Music Group[62] in a piracy lawsuit against a distributor of mixtapes to prison inmates, which contained music by artists such as James Brown, Eminem, Marvin Gaye, and Stevie Wonder.[63] [64]

UMG Recordings v. Global Eagle Entertainment

Goldman represented Universal Music Group against an international distributor of music to multinational airlines that settled for $30 million after Goldman was said to have "navigated the complexities of international air travel to score a summary judgment ruling that when it gets to a jury next month to decide damages could be worth hundreds of millions of dollars."[65] [66] [67] [68] [69]

Other music cases

Other music cases that drew media attention included:

Defamation cases

Goldman defended Hello! and ¡Hola! magazines in defamation suits brought by Kevin Costner for publishing an allegedly fictional interview with the actor/director concerning a child he purportedly fathered out of wedlock.[85]

In another defamation case, he represented Richard Simmons against the National Enquirer concerning an article alleging that Simmons had transitioned into a woman, before Simmons hired a different attorney to sue the magazine.[86]

Other clients

Goldman's other clients included Muhammad Ali, Eminem, Pearl Jam, Soulja Boy, Steven Van Zandt, Sony Music, Univision Music, Warner/Chappell Music, Warner Music Group, Robert Altman, Marlon Brando, Spike Lee, and Jack Nicholson.[6] [2] [7] [11] [12] [87] [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] He also represented toy companies, automakers, pharmaceutical companies, cosmetics companies, and magazine publishers.[93]

In a case reminiscent of the Barbie Girl case, with its First Amendment overtones, he defended fashion designer Brian Lichtenberg in a trademark suit brought by pharmaceutical giant AbbVie objecting to Lichtenberg's parody sportswear—football jerseys with the words "Vicodin" and "Adderal" printed on the back where the player's name would ordinarily be found.[94] [95]

Goldman also defended Target Corp. in a copyright ownership dispute over the iconic Uma Thurman photograph on the Pulp Fiction movie poster and soundtrack album cover.[12] [96] [97]

Other endeavors

In the mid-1980s, Goldman was a music critic and columnist for alternative weekly The Los Angeles Village View.[98] [99]

Personal

Goldman's great-great-great-grandfather was Liebman Adler,[100] a prominent Chicago rabbi who spoke out forcefully against slavery during the American Civil War.[101] [102]

His great-great-great uncle, Dankmar Adler, Liebman's son, was a noted architect and civil engineer who designed influential skyscrapers and mentored Frank Lloyd Wright.

His great-great-uncle was Raymond Leslie Goldman, a prolific author of detective fiction and frequent contributor to The Saturday Evening Post.[103] [104] [105]

His grandfather, Louis L. Goldman, and great-uncle Ben F. Goldman Jr., were preeminent entertainment lawyers.[2] [106] [100]

His father, Mark A. Goldman, was also a prominent lawyer, and real estate entrepreneur.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Selvin . Molly . The Loeb Firm . www.cschs.org . California Supreme Court Historical Society . 7 June 2024.
  2. Web site: Hyland . Alexa . Entertainment Litigator Leaves Mitchell For Loeb . www.watanabellc.com . 19 February 2008 . Daily Journal . 31 December 2023.
  3. Web site: Gardner . Eriq . Mitchell Silberberg & Knupp at 100 . www.hollywoodreporter.com . Hollywood Reporter . 7 June 2024.
  4. Jones . Paul . Jeffrey D. Goldman . Daily Journal . 9 April 2014.
  5. Web site: From Net Neutrality to Clickwrap: 10 Major Internet Law Cases Since 2000 . www.ironcladapp.com . Ironclad Journal . 31 December 2023.
  6. Web site: Top Litigators & Trial Lawyers in Los Angeles . www.jmbm.com . Los Angeles Business Journal . 26 January 2024.
  7. Web site: Butler . Susan . Loeb & Loeb Adds Entertainment Partners . www.billboard.com . Billboard . 25 January 2024.
  8. Frackman . Russell J. . Goldman . Jeffrey D. . Back to the Future: The Napster Decision Confirms the Applicability of Traditional Copyright Principles to the Internet . Sedona Conference Journal . 2001 . 2 . 31 n.1 .
  9. Web site: Top Litigators & Trial Lawyers in Los Angeles . www.jmbm.com . Los Angeles Business Journal . 26 January 2024.
  10. Navarro . Marisa . Stop the Music . Cyberesq. . 2001 . 4 . 2 . 18.
  11. Web site: Jeffrey D. Goldman . www.jmbm.com . JMBM . 26 January 2024 . 26 May 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120526090514/http://www.jmbm.com/Lawyers/JeffreyGoldman . bot: unknown .
  12. Web site: Jeffrey D. Goldman . www.law360.com . Law360 . 26 January 2024.
  13. Web site: #268: Vertigo . tcarsc.blogspot.com . The Continuing Adventures of Your Own Personal Jesus . 30 January 2024.
  14. Web site: Case Summary: Labels Don't Owe Fiduciary Duty To Artists In N.Y. . www.billboard.com . Billboard . 1 February 2024.
  15. Web site: Perfect 10 v. Google, Inc. . www.casetext.com . Casetext . 31 December 2023.
  16. Web site: Larson . Erik . Porn Company Seeks Injunction In Google Copyright Case . www.law360.com . Law360 . 26 January 2024.
  17. Web site: Fredenburgh . Catherine . Google's Fair Use Of Porn Pics Crumbles In Court . www.law360.com . Law360 . 26 January 2024.
  18. Web site: Stroud . Matt . These Six Lawsuits Shaped the Internet . www.theverge.com . 19 August 2014 . The Verge . 31 December 2023.
  19. Web site: Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc., 508 F.3d 1146 . www.copyright.gov . U.S. Copyright Office.
  20. Web site: Brown . Nick . Google Gets Safe Harbor From Porn Copyright Claims . www.law360.com . Law360 . 26 January 2024.
  21. Web site: Falzone . Anthony . The Two Faces of Perfect 10 v. Google . cyberlaw.stanford.edu . Center for Internet and Society at Stanford Law School . 31 December 2023.
  22. Web site: Brittain . Blake . Manhattan judge rejects 'server test' for internet copyright infringement . www.reuters.com . Reuters . 1 August 2024.
  23. Web site: Belloni . Matt . Hollywood Docket: Did the Coreys Make a 'Secret Side Deal' for Reality Show? . www.hollywoodreporter.com . 25 June 2008 . Hollywood Reporter . 31 December 2023.
  24. Web site: Renault . Jean-Luc . Music Industry Changes Its Ringtone Suits . www.robinskaplan.com . Los Angeles Daily Journal.
  25. Hyland . Alexa . Law: Musical Journey . Los Angeles Business Journal . 22–28 March 2010 . 32 . 12 . 6.
  26. Web site: Tsirulnik . Giselle . Major record labels sue Myxer for alleged copyright infringement . www.marketingdive.com . MarketingDive . 20 March 2024.
  27. Web site: Carbo . J.S. . Review: MyxerTones cuts down barriers between cellphones and content . www.rcrwireless.com . 30 November 1999 . RCR Wireless News . 25 January 2024.
  28. Web site: Studios Want Ring Tone Site Shut Down . www.courthousenews.com . Courthouse News Service . 31 December 2023.
  29. Web site: Goldman . Eric . Catching Up on 4 Months of Online Copyright Cases–Myxer, Hotfile, Megaupload, Flava Works, Zediva, Blue Nile, Perfect 10, Rojadirecta . blog.ericgoldman.org . 12 August 2011 . Technology & Marketing Law Blog.
  30. Web site: Where To Get Ringtones now that Myxer is Gone? . www.techjunkie.com . 20 September 2017 . Tech Junkie . 31 December 2023.
  31. Did Timbaland Do It? . Wired . Wired . 31 December 2023.
  32. Web site: Ghanny . Hassan . Was Timbaland’s Skillful Sampling a Cultural Crime? . www.medium.com . Medium . 2 August 2024.
  33. Web site: Lopez . Connie . Top 75 Intellectual Property Litigators . www.jmbm.com . Daily Journal . 25 January 2024.
  34. Web site: Ugwu . Reggie . Timbaland and Nelly Furtado Beat $20 Million Lawsuit . . BET . 31 December 2023.
  35. Web site: Hart . Terry . Timbaland Wins 2nd Sampling Lawsuit in 3 Months . www.copyhype.com . Copyhype . 2 August 2024.
  36. Web site: The Variety Legal Impact Report 2015 . variety.com . 14 April 2015 . Variety . 31 December 2023.
  37. Web site: Gardner . Eriq . Universal Music Settling Big Class Action Lawsuit Over Digital Royalties (Exclusive) . hollywoodreporter.com . 19 March 2015 . Hollywood Reporter . 31 December 2023.
  38. Web site: Stoddard . Carter . Jeffrey D. Goldman . www.dailyjournal.com . Daily Journal . 2 August 2024.
  39. Book: Petrocelli . Daniel . Triumph of Justice: The Final Judgment on the Simpson Saga . 1998 . Crown Publishers . 44 . 1st.
  40. Cole . Jeffrey . Daniel M. Petrocelli: Reflections on the O. J. Simpson Case . Litigation . Spring 1997 . 23 . 3 . 6–13.
  41. Lafferty . Elaine . The Inside Story of How O.J. Lost . Time . February 17, 1997 . 32-33.
  42. Web site: Nicole's diary shows state of mind, judge rules . www.cnn.com . CNN . 20 March 2024.
  43. Web site: Tabloid runs excerpts of Nicole's diary . www.cnn.com . CNN . 20 March 2024.
  44. Web site: Rufo v. Simpson . caselaw.findlaw.com . FindLaw . 20 March 2024.
  45. Web site: Simon . Stephanie . Newton . Jim . Jury Heard Much Different Case in Civil Trial . www.latimes.com . Los Angeles Times . 20 April 2024.
  46. Web site: Dunne . Dominick . Why the Civil Case Against O. J. Simpson Would Never Be Enough . www.vanityfair.com . 6 May 2014 . Vanity Fair . 30 January 2024.
  47. News: Ayres Jr. . B. Drummond . Civil Jury Finds Simpson Liable in Pair of Killings . The New York Times . 5 February 1997 . 30 January 2024.
  48. Web site: Roemer . John . Top Intellectual Property Attorneys in California for 2016 . articles.jmbm.com . Daily Journal . 20 March 2024.
  49. Web site: Tsirulnik . Giselle . Major record labels sue Myxer for alleged copyright infringement . www.marketingdive.com . Marketing Dive . 24 January 2024.
  50. Web site: Mattel, Inc. v. MCA Records, Inc. . casetext . 31 December 2023.
  51. News: Hassan . Jennifer . Remember the 'Barbie Girl' song? Mattel actually sued, but was told 'to chill.' . Washington Post.
  52. Web site: Mattel Inc v. MCA Records Inc (2002) . findlaw . 31 December 2023.
  53. Molanphy . Chris . The Strange, True Story of Aqua's "Barbie Girl" . Slate . 21 July 2023 . 30 January 2024.
  54. Web site: Saraceno . Christina . Love Sues Nirvana . www.rollingstone.com . 2 October 2001 . Rolling Stone . 31 December 2023.
  55. Web site: Philips . Chuck . Courtney Love Seeks to Rock Record Labels' Contract Policy . . 28 February 2001 . 31 December 2023.
  56. Web site: Schumacher-Rasmussen . Eric . Courtney Love Hits Speed Bump In Label Fight . https://web.archive.org/web/20240101211923/https://www.mtv.com/news/yoa1kx/courtney-love-hits-speed-bump-in-label-fight . dead . January 1, 2024 . www.mtv.com . MTV . 31 December 2023.
  57. Web site: D'Angelo . Joe . Courtney Love, Universal Music Reach Settlement; Nirvana Material Freed Up for Release . https://web.archive.org/web/20221003113853/https://www.mtv.com/news/is3ne0/courtney-love-universal-music-reach-settlement-nirvana-material-freed-up-for-release . dead . October 3, 2022 . www.mtv.com . MTV . 31 December 2023.
  58. Web site: Dr. Dre, Interscope Stung With $500 Million Lawsuit Over 'Addictive' . https://web.archive.org/web/20230610104045/https://www.mtv.com/news/6h62qy/dr-dre-interscope-stung-with-500-million-lawsuit-over-addictive . dead . June 10, 2023 . www.mtv.com . MTV.
  59. Web site: Lahiri v. Universal Music Video Distribution, Inc. . www.casetext.com . CaseText . 31 December 2023.
  60. Web site: Lahiri v. Universal Music & Video Distribution . www.leagle.com . Leagle . 30 January 2024.
  61. Web site: Masnick . Mike . Court Smacks Down Copyright Lawyer For Bad Faith Pursuit Of Copyright Infringement . www.techdirt.com . 8 June 2010 . TechDirt . 31 December 2023.
  62. Web site: The Variety Legal Impact Report 2015 . variety.com . 14 April 2015 . Variety . 31 December 2023.
  63. Web site: Gardner . Eriq . Universal Music Files Copyright Lawsuit Over Mixtapes Sent to Prisoners (Exclusive) . www.hollywoodreporter.com . 7 January 2015 . Hollywood Reporter . 31 December 2023.
  64. Blake . Matthew . Music industry titans sue prison mixtape makers, distributors . Daily Journal . 9 January 2015.
  65. Web site: Gardner . Eriq . Universal Wins Big Ruling in Copyright Lawsuit Over In-Flight Music . billboard.com . Billboard.
  66. Web site: Roemer . John . Top Intellectual Property Attorneys in California for 2016 . articles.jmbm.com . Daily Journal . 20 March 2024.
  67. Web site: Gardner . Eriq . Legal Roundup: Global Eagle Agrees to Massive UMG Payout; Kesha Drops Abuse From Case in NY . www.billboard.com . Billboard . 31 December 2023.
  68. Web site: Reynolds . Matthew . Record Labels Win One in Inflight Copyright Battle . www.courthousenews.com . Courthouse News Service . 31 December 2023.
  69. Web site: Maxwell . Andy . Universal Music Settles In-Flight Music Lawsuit for $30m+ . www.torrentfreak.com . TorrentFreak . 31 December 2023.
  70. Web site: Filip . Julia . Coca-Cola Dismisses Suit Over World Cup Promo . www.courthousenews.com . Courthouse News Service . 31 December 2023.
  71. Web site: Richardson . Eb . Intellectual Property 2011 . www.jmbm.com . 31 December 2023.
  72. News: Jeffrey . Don . Vivendi, Time Warner End 'Ellen' Music Copyright Suit . Bloomberg . 30 September 2010 .
  73. Frackman. Russell . Ninth Circuit Says Laches Applies to Copyright Claim . National Law Journal . 31 October 1994.
  74. Walters . Hebert-Qebu . Jeffrey D. Goldman . Daily Journal . 22 April 2015.
  75. Web site: Hyland . Alexa . Entertainment Litigator Leaves Mitchell For Loeb . www.watanabellc.com . 19 February 2008 . Daily Journal . 31 December 2023.
  76. Web site: D'Angelo . Joe . Rob Zombie's Zoom-Zoom Lawsuit Goes Bye-Bye . https://web.archive.org/web/20240103021044/https://www.mtv.com/news/c9senn/rob-zombies-zoom-zoom-lawsuit-goes-bye-bye . dead . January 3, 2024 . www.mtv.com . MTV . 31 December 2023.
  77. Web site: Olivia Newton-John Reaches Conditional Settlement Over 'Grease' Royalties . . 4 December 2007 . 31 December 2023.
  78. Web site: Albarazi . Hannah . Alan Parsons Says Ex-Promoter Used His Name For 'Knockoff' . www.law360.com . Law360 . 25 January 2024.
  79. Web site: Parsons LLC v. Regna . caselaw.findlaw.com . FindLaw . 30 January 2024.
  80. Web site: Jeffrey D. Goldman . www.dailyjournal.com . Daily Journal . 13 March 2024.
  81. Web site: Heller . Matthew . Rap Label Facing $7M IP Judgment Takes Fight to 9th Circ. . www.law360.com . Law360.
  82. Web site: 50 Cent Sued For Copycatting . www.cbsnews.com . 21 January 2006 . CBS News . 31 December 2023.
  83. Web site: Lil' Joe Wein Music, Inc. v. Jackson . www.casetext.com . Casetext.
  84. Web site: Copyright Suit Dismissed Against 50 Cent . www.billboard.com . Billboard . 24 January 2024.
  85. Web site: O'Neill . Ann W. . A King's Ransom Is at Stake in Libel Suit by Ex-McNall Associate . www.latimes.com . Los Angeles Times . 20 March 2024.
  86. Web site: Simmons Libel Lawsuit . www.scribd.com . Scribd . 26 March 2024 . p. 8 & Exh. 3.
  87. Walters . Hebert-Qebu . The Leading Intellectual Property Attorneys in California 2016 . Daily Journal . 22 April 2015 . 17.
  88. Web site: UMG Recordings, Inc. v. Disco Azteca Distributors, Inc. . www.casetext.com . CaseText . 30 January 2024.
  89. Web site: Abcarian . Robin . Never a Borrower or a Lender Be--Especially in Hollywood . www.latimes.com . Los Angeles Times . 20 March 2024.
  90. Web site: Pristin . Terry . Holliday, Lee Settle ‘Malcolm X’ Dispute : Courts: Filmmaker reportedly agrees to pay cameraman about $100,000 for use of King beating footage. . www.latimes.com . Los Angeles Times . 20 March 2024.
  91. Web site: Boehlert . Eric . Pearl Jammed . www.rollingstone.com . Rolling Stone . 20 March 2024.
  92. Web site: Dansby . Andrew . Composer Addresses Eminem Suit . www.rollingstone.com . Rolling Stone . 20 March 2024.
  93. Web site: Jeffrey D. Goldman . www.morelaw.com . MoreLaw . 20 March 2024.
  94. Web site: AbbVie v. Kitson . www.scribd.com . Scribd . 26 March 2024.
  95. Web site: Taylor . Victoria . Drugmakers May 'sue L.A. Boutique Over Adderal, Vicodin, Xanax T-Shirts . www.nydailynews.com . New York Daily News . 26 March 2024.
  96. Web site: Zahedi v. Miramax, LLC . scholar.google.com . Google Scholar . 30 January 2024.
  97. Web site: Gardner . Eriq . Miramax Wins Lawsuit Over 'Pulp Fiction' Movie Poster . www.hollywoodreporter.com . 29 November 2021 . The Hollywood Reporter . 30 January 2024.
  98. Goldman . Jeff . Notes from the Underground . Village View . 17 October 1986.
  99. Goldman . Jeffrey . Notes from the Underground . Westwood's Village View . 29 August 1986 . 17.
  100. Web site: Jeffrey Goldman . www.ancestry.com . Ancestry.com . 31 January 2024.
  101. Web site: Adler, Liebman . www.encyclopedia.com . Encyclopedia.com . 31 January 2024.
  102. Book: Markens . Isaac . Abraham Lincoln and the Jews . 1909 . Isaac Markens . 4 . 1 . 31 January 2024.
  103. Web site: Raymond Leslie Goldman . play.google.com . Google Play . 30 January 2024.
  104. Web site: Pronzini . Bill . Berch . Victor . Lewis . Steve . A Complete Set of Fingerprints . www.mysteryfile.com . Mystery File . 30 January 2024.
  105. Web site: Classic Crime Fiction . www.classiccrimefiction.com . Classic Crime Fiction . 30 January 2024.
  106. Web site: Phillips . Erica E. . Intellectual Property 2012 . Los Angeles and San Francisco Daily Journal . 31 December 2023.

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