Jeff Denham Explained

Jeff Denham
State:California
Term Start:January 3, 2011
Term End:January 3, 2019
Predecessor:George Radanovich
Successor:Josh Harder
Constituency:19th district (2011–2013)
10th district (2013–2019)
State Senate1:California
District1:12th
Term Start1:December 2, 2002
Term End1:November 30, 2010
Predecessor1:Dick Monteith
Successor1:Anthony Cannella
Birth Name:Jeffrey John Denham
Birth Date:29 July 1967
Birth Place:Hawthorne, California, U.S.
Party:Republican
Children:2
Education:Victor Valley College
California Polytechnic State University (BA)
Allegiance: United States
Branch:
U.S. Air Force Reserve
Serviceyears:1984–1988 (Active)
1988–2000 (Reserve)
Rank: Staff Sergeant
Battles:Operation Desert Storm
Operation Restore Hope
Mawards:Meritorious Service Medal

Jeffrey John Denham (born July 29, 1967) is an American politician, United States Air Force veteran, and businessman. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the U.S. representative for from 2013 to 2019. Denham first won election to the U.S. House in 2010, representing for one term before redistricting led him to run in the 10th district in 2012.

From 2002 to 2010, Denham served in the California State Senate, representing the 12th District, which includes Madera, Merced, Monterey, San Benito, and Stanislaus counties. Prior to seeking political office, Denham served on active and reserve status in the United States Air Force for 16 years, and served in both Operation Desert Storm in Iraq and Operation Restore Hope in Somalia.

During his congressional tenure, Denham was active in immigration issues, notably in the effort to draft and pass legislation that would successfully resolve the status of Dreamers.

Denham was narrowly defeated in his 2018 bid for re-election by Democrat Josh Harder[1] and became a lobbyist for K&L Gates.[2]

Early life, education, and military service

In 1984, at age 17, Denham enlisted in the United States Air Force. He served on active and reserve status for 16 years as a tactical aircraft maintenance specialist,[3] during which he received the Meritorious Service Medal for his service during Operation Desert Storm (Iraq) and Operation Restore Hope (Somalia).[4] [5] Denham received an associate degree from Victor Valley College in 1989 and a B.A. in political science from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, in 1992.[6] He has worked as a farmer and started a plastics container company to ship produce.

2000 State Assembly campaign

In 2000, Denham ran for the California State Assembly against City Councilman Simon Salinas, a Democrat. A total of $2.5 million was spent in the race. Salinas defeated Denham with 52% of the vote.[7]

California State Senate

Elections

2002Denham ran for the State Senate in 2002 against former Democratic State Assemblyman Rusty Areias. The race featured a number of negative political advertisements and was one of the most expensive legislative races in state history, with over $6.3 million spent.[8] Denham's campaign highlighted Areias's financial difficulties, including unpaid taxes and did not focus on Areias's state policy positions.[9] Denham's negative campaign tactics drew widespread criticism, including from fellow Republicans.[10]

The election was on November 5, 2002, but the vote count was close; the lead in the race went back and forth for several days.[11] Denham won by 1,843 votes, 48% to 47%.[12]

2006In November 2006, Denham won re-election to a second term with 58% of the vote.[13] Denham's opponent, Wiley Nickel, was later elected to Congress from North Carolina in 2022.[14]
2008 recall attemptIn 2008, a recall effort was instigated against Denham by Democrat Don Perata after Denham declined to cast a deadlock-breaking vote on the state budget. Supporters of the recall turned in more than 60,000 signatures with the recall scheduled to appear on the ballot on June 3, 2008. In early May, Perata called off the efforts to recall Denham after it showed signs of backfiring, but the election was already on the ballot. Denham easily survived the recall by a 75.4% to 24.6% margin. Denham himself speculated that the recall effort actually helped, rather than hurt, his political career by raising his profile.[15] [16]
2009 Lieutenant Governor and State Assembly campaignsDenham announced in December 2008 that he would be a candidate for Lieutenant Governor of California in the 2010 election.[17] [18] He ended his campaign soon after Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, in November 2009, appointed Republican State Senator Abel Maldonado to fill the vacancy left by the resignation of Lieutenant Governor John Garamendi, a Democrat, who was elected to Congress.[19] [20]

Denham then campaigned briefly for the State Assembly seat being vacated by Tom Berryhill of Modesto[21] [22] but in late December 2009 he dropped out of that race to run for Congress.

Tenure

During his time in the state legislature, Denham focused his efforts on education, agriculture and job creation. He called for a reduction in government waste in Sacramento, better use of state surplus assets, and a crackdown on sexual predators.[23]

Denham's awards include Legislator of the Year by the California State Sheriffs' Association (2004), Outstanding Legislator by the California State Sheriff's Association (2005), Legislator of the Year by the California Small Business Association (2005), Most Progressive Law Enforcement Leader of the Year by A Woman's Place of Merced (2005), and California Teachers Association Gold Award (2005).[24]

Committee assignments

Denham's committee assignments in the California State Senate included:[25]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2010

In December 2009, seven-term U.S. Congressman George Radanovich announced he would retire for health reasons. He endorsed Denham as his successor in .[26] In the Republican primary, Denham defeated Fresno mayor Jim Patterson, former U.S. Congressman Richard Pombo, and Fresno City Councilman Larry Westerlund 36%–31%–21%–12%.[27] In the 2010 general election, Denham defeated Democrat Loraine Goodwin with 65% of the vote.[28]

2012

After redistricting, much of the old 19th became the 16th District, which was significantly more Democratic than its successor. Meanwhile, much of the northwestern portion of the old 19th (e.g. Turlock, Riverbank, Oakdale, and the rest of northeastern Stanislaus county) was transferred to the 10th District. That district had previously been the 18th District, represented by retiring five-term Democrat Dennis Cardoza.[29] The new 10th included all of Stanislaus County and the southern portion of San Joaquin County (including Tracy and Manteca). It also included Denham's home in Atwater, which had been just outside the old 19th's boundaries. Members of the House are only required to live in the state they wish to represent.

Former NASA astronaut José M. Hernández ran against him as the Democratic candidate.[30] The 10th was considered a swing district in the 2012 election.[31] Denham won with 53% of the vote to Hernández's 47%.

2014

In 2014, Denham ran unopposed in the Republican primary. His Democratic opponent was Michael Eggman.[32] Although the seat was regarded by some as "vulnerable" earlier in the year,[33] the Rothenberg Political Report ultimately listed the race as "Republican Favored"[34] and Denham defeated Eggman with 56% of the vote.[35]

2016

Denham ran for re-election in 2016.[36] He finished first in the top-two primary on June 7, 2016, and again faced Eggman in the general election on November 8, 2016.[37] Denham won re-election with 52.4% of the vote to Eggman's 47.6%.[38] More than $11 million was spent on the race, mostly from outside groups.[39]

2018

See main article: 2018 California's 10th congressional district election. In May 2017, investor Josh Harder became the third Democrat to announce that he would challenge Denham in 2018. He said he would focus on job creation and economic opportunity. "There's just not a lot of opportunities for entry-level positions," Harder said. "What we need [is] a better, positive vision for what the economic development of the valley can bring."[40]

Challenging Denham for the Republican nomination was veterinarian Ted Howze, who criticized Denham's support for what critics characterized as "amnesty" for illegal immigrants.[41] Denham came in first in the top-two primary, with 37.8% of the vote.[42] Denham was one of ten military veterans to whose campaigns Ambassador John Bolton's PAC gave $10,000 apiece during the 2018 race.[43]

The Modesto Bee wrote on May 12, 2018, that "Jeff Denham is going to be hard to beat." By this point, the original field of Democratic candidates had been cut in half from ten. In addition to Harder, they included Sue Zwahlen, a former emergency room nurse and school board member; Michael Eggman, a former farmer who had challenged Denham in 2014 and 2016; Virginia Madueño, the former mayor of Riverbank, California; and Michael Barkley.[44] Harder was endorsed by former President Barack Obama.[45] Harder won the Democratic nomination with 16.7% of the primary vote[42] and faced Denham in the general election. Harder defeated Denham in a closely contested race, receiving 51.3% of the vote to Denham's 48.7% in a race that was not called until a week after election day.[46]

Tenure

In April 2017, Denham hosted a town hall meeting in Turlock, which approximately 1,000 constituents attended. When a constituent asked for him to support the release of Donald Trump's tax returns, Denham said "I'm not going to ask the previous president that I served under to show his birth certificate any more than I am going to ask this president to show his taxes."[47]

Denham voted in favor of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.[48] Regarding his vote, Denham described the bill as a "win for the Valley" he represents and he said "everyone will see an increase in their paychecks in 2018." Denham said he believed the bill would grow local agricultural business.[49]

In 2018, Denham made a bid to lead the United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.[50]

Committee assignments

Denham was a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership[51] and the U.S.-Japan Caucus.[52]

Political positions

As of January 2018, Denham had voted with his party in 90.5% of votes in the 115th United States Congress and voted in line with President Trump's position in 98.3% of votes. He ranked #43 out of 433 members of Congress in the number of times he had voted against his party's position.[53] [54] In the 114th United States Congress, Denham was ranked as the 41st most bipartisan member of the U.S. House of Representatives (and the second most bipartisan member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California) in the Bipartisan Index created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy that ranks members of the United States Congress by their degree of bipartisanship (by measuring the frequency each member's bills attract co-sponsors from the opposite party and each member's co-sponsorship of bills by members of the opposite party).[55]

Denham was a close ally of then-House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy.[56]

Vote Smart Political Courage Test

Vote Smart, a non-profit, non-partisan research organization that collects and distributes information on candidates for public office in the United States, "researched presidential and congressional candidates' public records to determine candidates' likely responses on certain key issues." According to Vote Smart's 2016 analysis, Denham generally supported pro-life legislation, opposed an income tax increase, supported mandatory minimum sentences for non-violent drug offenders, supported lowering taxes as a means of promoting economic growth, opposed requiring states to adopt federal education standards, supports building the Keystone Pipeline, supported government funding for the development of renewable energy, opposed the federal regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, opposed gun-control legislation, supported repealing the Affordable Care Act, opposed same-sex marriage, and supported increased American intervention in Iraq and Syria beyond air support.[57]

Tax reform

In December 2017, Denham helped the Republican Party pass the Trump tax bill, which he called “a historic milestone” that would simplify the tax code, improve the economy, and reduce families' tax burdens. “Congress has delivered on our promise to lower taxes for the middle class,” he said, calling the bill “a win for the valley and for everyone who will see an increase in their paychecks in 2018.” He celebrated the doubled child tax credit and said the law would make local growers “more globally competitive.”[58]

Employment

Appearing on NPR in May 2018, he spoke up for the stricter requirements for food stamps in the new farm bill, which he said would encourage able-bodied people without children to take care of at home to find work.[59]

Animal rights

In September 2014, the Humane Society Legislative Fund endorsed Denham. The HSLF's Wayne Pacelle said Denham was “leading the charge on some of the most important animal protection issues in Washington.” In the 113th Congress, Denham was the lead sponsor of the Pets on Trains Act (H.R. 2066), which required Amtrak to allow companion animals on some passenger trains. He led the effort in the House Agriculture Committee to defeat the “King amendment,” which would nullify hundreds of state and local laws on food safety, animal welfare, and agriculture. He was a lead sponsor of the Egg Products Inspection Act Amendments (H.R. 1731), which would improve the treatment of hundreds of millions of laying hens. He co-sponsored the Prevent All Soring Tactics (PAST) Act (H.R. 1518) to strengthen the federal law against the use of caustic chemicals to on the hooves and legs of show horses to induce a high-stepping gait. He also co-sponsored the Animal Fighting Spectator Prohibition Act (H.R. 366), which made it a federal crime to attend or bring a child to a dogfight or cockfight.[60]

In April 2018, Denham introduced a law that would forbid the consumption of dog or cat meat. “If passed,” reported the Washington Post, “the ban would send a clear signal that the United States condemns the dog and cat meat trades in East Asia.” Denham said that the law would signal “that the U.S. will not tolerate this disturbing practice in our country” and would demonstrate “our unity with other nations that have banned dog and cat meat, and it bolsters existing international efforts to crack down on the practice worldwide.”[61]

Drug policy

Denham had a "D" rating from marijuana legalization group National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) regarding his voting record on cannabis-related matters. He was active in working with law enforcement to halt illegal growing of cannabis. Denham opposed the legalization of recreational marijuana, saying that "legalizing drugs, including marijuana, is a detriment to society and will endanger future generations." He voted for allowing veterans access to medical marijuana, if legal in their state, per their Veterans Health Administration doctor's recommendation, the second time the Veterans Equal Access Amendment was introduced in 2016.[62]

Environment

As of January 2018, he had a 6% lifetime score from the environmental advocacy group the League of Conservation Voters.[63]

Economic issues

Denham had argued that the national deficit is the biggest issue for the United States, and called it a threat to the nation's freedom.[64]

In July 2012, he criticized an event put on by the General Services Administration, which cost $268,732. He said that he believed that the controversy went even further than the GSA.[65]

Denham voted against raising the debt ceiling in 2013, which led to the United States federal government shutdown of 2013. He also voted against the bill that reopened the government and avoided a default.[66]

Denham voted for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which he praised as "a historic milestone".[67] Denham's vote was criticized by Democratic opponent TJ Cox, who claimed the bill would "cost $1.43 trillion over the next decade".[68]

Healthcare

On April 26, 2017, Denham told The Hill that he was not in favor of the American Health Care Act (AHCA).[69] Denham said that he could only support a repeal-bill that kept significant parts of Obamacare intact, such as coverage for pre-existing conditions and expanded Medicaid coverage.[70] However, on May 4, 2017, Denham voted to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) and pass AHCA.[71] [72] Denham said that he voted for the revised version of AHCA, which allows states to seek a waiver to allow insurers to charge individuals with preexisting conditions higher premiums, because the bill would provide $8 billion over five years to help those with pre-existing conditions.[73] [74] He voted for this version of the bill before the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office had estimated its impact; the CBO had estimated that 24 million Americans would lose insurance under the previous version of the bill.

During his re-election campaign, Denham falsely claimed that The Washington Post fact-checker had found his opponent's claims about the impact of Obamacare's repeal on preexisting conditions to be false. The Washington Post fact-checker responded, saying that Denham was "twisting an unrelated fact check and [was] misleading voters."[75]

High-speed rail

Denham, who served as chairman of the House Subcommittee on Railroads, had opposed plans for a high-speed train between San Francisco and Los Angeles. On March 6, 2017, the New York Times quoted him as saying that “no more federal dollars will go to California high-speed rail.” He charged that $600 million of state funds allocated by Proposition 1A in 2008 for Caltrain's electrification was being diverted. “'They are stealing Prop 1A money and using it for something else,” Denham said.[76]

Immigration

In October 2013, Denham co-sponsored the comprehensive immigration reform bill introduced by House Democrats. In announcing his support for the bill, he said: "We can't afford any more delays. I support an earned path to citizenship to allow those who want to become citizens to demonstrate a commitment to our country, learn English, pay fines and back taxes and pass background checks."[77]

In August 2014, Denham broke ranks with the Republican Party and voted against a bill that would have dismantled the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals.[78]

In the autumn of 2017, Denham unsuccessfully "pleaded with Trump...not to end the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, which provided temporary deportation relief and work permits for hundreds of thousands of people brought to the country illegally as children."[79]

In May 2018, Denham was one of a dozen House Republicans who, defying Speaker Paul Ryan, forced a vote on immigration in an effort to help the so-called Dreamers.[80] In a May 16 interview with Tucker Carlson, Denham said that "the only way we're going to get the border secured is actually working together to pass something off the floor." In order to gain support for the Mexican border wall, he said, Republicans must support action to help Dreamers. "The only way you're going to get the 60 members on a bipartisan border security bill is with this solution that is equally as important that the president of the United States is asking for."[81]

Denham said in June 2018 that he had forged an agreement with more conservative House members that would provide temporary residency visas for young immigrants and that would also fund Donald Trump's border wall with Mexico.[82]

In a June 7, 2018, interview on MSNBC, Denham said, "I want to see a fixed to our broken immigration system" and that "You shouldn't be tearing families apart." He described the Trump Administration's "zero tolerance policy" as "a bad idea."[83]

Water supply

In June 2018, Denham joined three other local members of Congress in introducing legislation “to cut through red tape to raise the spillway gates at New Exchequer Dam and improve water supply reliability for Merced County.” The measure “would provide an additional 57,000 acre-feet for irrigation, groundwater replenishment and environmental benefits.”[84]

Social issues

In May 2016, Denham initially voted against an amendment to a defense appropriations bills by Democratic Representative Sean Patrick Maloney which would prohibit government contracts with companies that don't comply with President Obama's executive order banning federal contractors from discriminating against LGBT workers.[85] The following week, Denham reversed course and voted for Maloney's amendment to uphold President Obama's executive order banning federal contractors from discriminating based on sexual orientation or gender identity.[86]

2016 presidential race

Denham did not make an endorsement in the 2016 presidential race. He said that he planned to support the Republican nominee but did not specifically endorse Donald Trump, and that "Like many Americans from both parties, my first choice for president is not on the ballot in November."[87]

FEMA reforms

On November 21, 2017, Denham introduced the Supporting Mitigation Activities and Resiliency Targets for Rebuilding Act, also known as the SMART Rebuilding Act. The SMART Rebuilding Act, which proposed cost-saving Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) reforms, was included in the U.S. House's subsequent Disaster Recovery Reform Act and supplemental appropriations bill. The disaster aid package, which included $81 billion in additional disaster relief funding in addition to Denham's FEMA reforms, was passed by the House in December 2017 in a bipartisan vote.[88]

Personal life

Denham and his wife Sonia have two children.[89] She is Hispanic, and Denham has said that he learned Spanish to communicate with her family, including to help his Mexican father-in-law through the process of gaining U.S. citizenship.[90] Denham owns and operates Denham Plastics, a supplier of reusable containers in the agriculture industry.[91] He and his family also farm almonds at their ranch in Merced County.[92]

Electoral history

California Assembly District 28! Year!! Republican! Votes! Pct!! Democratic! Votes! Pct!!Third party!Party!Votes!Pct!!Third party!Party!Votes!Pct
2000Jeff Denham align="right" 54,72944% align="right" 66,01153%J. J. VogelReform2,8912%Roger VerLibertarian2,1342%
California Senate District 12! Year!! Republican! Votes! Pct!! Democratic! Votes! Pct!!Third party!Party!Votes!Pct
2002 align="right" 73,87748%Rusty Areias align="right" 72,03447%David EatonLibertarian6,9505%
2006 align="right" 90,28858%Wiley Nickel align="right" 65,13042%
Year!!
RepublicanVotesPctDemocraticVotesPctThird partyPartyVotesPct
2010 align="right" 128,39465%Loraine Goodwin align="right" 69,91235%Les MarsdenIndependent5960%
2012 align="right" 110,26553%José M. Hernández align="right" 98,93447%
2014Jeff Denham align="right" 70,58256%Michael Eggman align="right" 55,12344%
2016 https://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/california-house-district-10-denham-eggmanJeff Denham align="right"110,65952%Michael Eggman align="right"100,64648%
2018Jeff Denham align="right"91,40148.7%Josh Harder align="right"96,32051.3%

External links

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Notes and References

  1. News: Democrat Harder ousts California GOP US Rep. Denham. Associated Press. November 13, 2018. November 13, 2018. Michael R. Blood. November 14, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181114032256/https://apnews.com/3443766d610046a2bd57b70d2c03c7ee. live.
  2. News: Jeff Denham heads to K Street. Politico. May 30, 2019. May 8, 2019. Theodoric Meyer. David Beavers. Daniel Lippman. September 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200913104256/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-influence/2019/05/08/jeff-denham-heads-to-k-street-433739. live.
  3. Web site: Combat Veterans For Congress - Electing Fiscal Conservatives. combatveteransforcongress.org. January 23, 2019. September 15, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180915154952/https://combatveteransforcongress.org/cand/2791. live.
  4. News: Jeff Denham (R). Election 2012. The Wall Street Journal. November 14, 2016. September 21, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180921115034/http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/candidates/view/jeff-denham--CA-H. live.
  5. News: Doyle. Michael. Rep. Jeff Denham sues over ad in hotly contested California race. The McClatchy Company. October 26, 2012. November 14, 2016. November 15, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161115132012/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/election/article24739333.html. live.
  6. Encyclopedia: DENHAM, Jeff, (1967 -). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. November 14, 2016.
  7. News: Goldmacher. Shane. Ex-assemblyman will challenge Sen. Denham in recall campaign. The Modesto Bee. April 4, 2008. March 2, 2016. March 5, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305223121/http://www.modbee.com/news/politics-government/election/article3104490.html. live.
  8. News: Negative ads apparently paid off, as shown by Denham-Areias tilt. The Modesto Bee. July 21, 2007. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20051106170338/http://www.modbee.com/2002/election/november/state/story/5148192p-6157185c.html. November 6, 2005.
  9. News: Caldwell. Michelle. Rusty Areias takes another shot at the State Senate. Monterey County Weekly. October 17, 2002. March 2, 2016. March 21, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230321160025/https://www.montereycountyweekly.com/news/local_news/rusty-areias-takes-another-shot-at-the-state-senate/article_2b87fb72-0f12-53e1-ab0f-b346ebac1fd5.html. live.
  10. News: State senate race bogged in mud - SanBenito.com. Lance. Hollister Free. 2002-10-30. SanBenito.com. 2018-09-15. en-US. September 15, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180915123650/https://sanbenito.com/2002/10/30/state-senate-race-bogged-in-mud/. live.
  11. News: Denham says victory in 12th is guaranteed. November 14, 2002. The Modesto Bee. Miller. Jim. March 2, 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20030427002523/http://www.modbee.com/2002/election/november/state/story/5192590p-6201114c.html. April 27, 2003.
  12. Web site: CA State Senate 12. Our Campaigns. March 2, 2016. March 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224007/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=5747. live.
  13. Web site: CA State Senate 12. Our Campaigns. March 2, 2016. March 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050853/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=214061. live.
  14. Web site: Our Campaigns - Candidate - Wiley Nickel . 2022-12-21 . www.ourcampaigns.com . December 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221221191212/https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=407682 . live .
  15. News: Recall fight could turn into a plus for Denham. Modesto Bee. May 9, 2008. E.J.. Schultz. June 17, 2018. June 17, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180617193032/http://www.modbee.com/news/politics-government/election/article3106785.html. live.
  16. Web site: Results of the 2008 recall election in SD12. California Secretary of State. June 17, 2018. November 8, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181108005442/https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/special-elections/2008-sd12/07_special_election_sov.pdf. live.
  17. News: Jeff Denham announces run for lieutenant governor. The Sacramento Bee. December 11, 2008. February 5, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140125073252/http://blogs.sacbee.com/capitolalertlatest/2008/12/jeff-denham-ann.html. January 25, 2014. mdy-all.
  18. News: Sen. John McCain endorses Jeff Denham for lt. governor. . May 12, 2009. February 5, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160119222001/http://www.thecalifornian.com/article/20090512/NEWS01/90512022/Sen-John-McCain-endorses-Jeff-Denham-lt-governor?nclick_check=1. January 19, 2016.
  19. News: Schwarzenegger taps Abel Maldonado for lieutenant governor. Los Angeles Times. November 24, 2009. Shane. Goldmacher. February 5, 2014. February 7, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140207183036/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/nov/24/local/la-me-lt-gov24-2009nov24. live.
  20. Web site: Breaking down the Maldonado confirmation vote. Political Blotter. April 26, 2010. February 5, 2014. February 15, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140215165308/http://www.ibabuzz.com/politics/2010/04/26/breaking-down-the-maldonado-confirmation-vote/. live.
  21. News: Denham quits Lt. Gov. race, will vie for Berryhill's assembly seat. December 10, 2009. The Modesto Bee. February 5, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140221213952/http://www.modbee.com/2009/12/10/967946/denham-quits-lt-gov-race-will.html. February 21, 2014.
  22. News: Senator Jeff Denham Drops out of Lt. Gov. Race. December 10, 2009. ABC News. February 5, 2014. February 23, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140223211534/http://abclocal.go.com/kfsn/story?section=news/politics&id=7164770. live.
  23. News: Jeff Denham Path to Power. The Washington Post. August 21, 2012. September 1, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20161112144717/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/jeff-denham-r-calif/gIQA6BMZKP_topic.html#path-to-power. November 12, 2016. dead. mdy-all.
  24. Web site: Jeff Denham Biography. Victory Valley College. May 26, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140527230142/http://www.vvc.edu/Jeff%20Denham%20BIOGRAPHY.pdf. May 27, 2014. dead. mdy-all.
  25. Web site: Jeff Denham. Ballotpedia. March 2, 2016. October 26, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151026133749/http://ballotpedia.org/Jeff_Denham. live.
  26. News: Blake. Aaron. Radanovich to retire. May 26, 2014. The Hill. December 29, 2009. May 27, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140527214759/http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/73839-radanovich-to-retire. live.
  27. Web site: CA District 19 - R Primary. Our Campaigns. March 2, 2016. March 7, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160307005907/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=611938. live.
  28. Web site: CA - District 19. Our Campaigns. March 2, 2016. March 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070306/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=488352. live.
  29. This map of the 2003-2013 18th district from nationalatlas.gov shows that the current 10th district includes much of the northern portion of the old 18th district
  30. Web site: CA - District 10 - Open Primary. Our Campaigns. March 2, 2016. March 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044253/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=740815. live.
  31. News: Trygstad. Kyle. Astronaut Challenging Freshman Jeff Denham. March 2, 2016. Roll Call. October 13, 2011. March 6, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160306181156/http://www.rollcall.com/issues/57_41/astronaut_challenging_freshman_jeff_denham-209437-1.html. live.
  32. News: Caine. Eric. Election Post-Mortem. March 2, 2016. The Valley Citizen. June 6, 2014. June 14, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140614000702/http://thevalleycitizen.com/election-post-mortem/. live.
  33. News: Barragan Ruiz. Olivia. Eggman lands a spot on ballot Latino Democrat will face Jeff Denham in November. March 2, 2016 . . June 10, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140614001343/http://www.vidaenelvalle.com/2014/06/09/2027988/politicspolitica-eggman-lands.html. June 14, 2014.
  34. News: House Ratings. October 20, 2014. Rothenberg Political Report. October 17, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20141021205401/http://rothenbergpoliticalreport.com/ratings/house. October 21, 2014. mdy-all.
  35. Web site: Statement of the Vote November 4, 2014. California Secretary of State. March 2, 2016. August 14, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150814030803/http://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2014-general/pdf/2014-complete-sov.pdf. live.
  36. News: Holland. John. Challengers for Denham's House seat range across spectrum. May 24, 2016. The Modesto Bee. May 21, 2016. May 24, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160524060531/http://www.modbee.com/news/politics-government/election/article79094722.html. live.
  37. News: California Primary Results. The New York Times. June 8, 2016. October 10, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181010111845/https://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/california. live.
  38. News: Holland. John. Denham defeats Eggman for Modesto-area House seat. November 11, 2016. The Modesto Bee. November 8, 2016. November 10, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161110170535/http://www.modbee.com/news/politics-government/election/article113530788.html. live.
  39. Web site: Cockerham . Sean . Darrell Issa, Jeff Denham and Steve Knight win reelection . . 2016-11-12 . November 12, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161112080815/http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/election/article113621003.html . live .
  40. Web site: California politics updates: Gov. Brown blasts Trump on climate change, state lawmakers weigh in on hundreds of bills by week's end . 2023-02-23 . Los Angeles Times . en-US . February 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230221111446/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-201705-htmlstory.html . live .
  41. Web site: 2018-05-31 . Central Valley Democrats fighting to unseat Republican Jeff Denham spar over local ties . 2023-02-23 . The Mercury News . en-US . June 13, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180613015226/https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-conress-central-valley-jeff-denham-josh-harder/ . live .
  42. News: California Election Results: 10th House District . . June 11, 2018 . August 10, 2018 . June 14, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180614082925/https://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/california-house-district-10-primary-election . live .
  43. PAC . John Bolton . 2018-02-21 . AMBASSADOR JOHN BOLTON ENDORSES TEN VETERANS FOR CONGRESS . 2023-02-23 . GlobeNewswire News Room . en.
  44. News: Denham will be there in November, but who will face him? It's a hard choice. The Modesto Bee. May 13, 2018. January 22, 2019. The Modesto Bee editorial board. August 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180812052717/https://www.modbee.com/opinion/editorials/article211063779.html. live.
  45. News: Stapley . Garth . Support from two U.S. presidents figures in Denham, Harder race . . August 1, 2018 . August 10, 2018 . August 11, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180811063903/https://www.modbee.com/news/politics-government/election/article215936100.html . live .
  46. News: California Rep. Denham ousted . 14 November 2018 . Politico . November 13, 2018 . November 15, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181115012401/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/13/california-elections-results-2018-denham-harder-989744 . live .
  47. Web site: Cockerham. Sean. Doyle. Michael. Trump's congressional California allies squirm in his embrace. The Sacramento Bee. 22 December 2017. 25 April 2017. December 22, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171222113343/http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/article146668014.html. live.
  48. Web site: Almukhtar. Sarah. How Each House Member Voted on the Tax Bill. The New York Times. 22 December 2017. 19 December 2017. December 22, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053322/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/19/us/politics/tax-bill-house-live-vote.html?_r=0. live.
  49. Web site: Central Valley Congressman Denham Says Congress Has Delivered on Our Promise to Lower Taxes for The Middle Class By Reducing Rates While Preserving The Credits And Deductions That Matter Most To The People I Represent. Sierra Sun Times. December 21, 2017. 22 December 2017. en-gb. December 22, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171222105650/http://goldrushcam.com/sierrasuntimes/index.php/news/local-news/12265-central-valley-congressman-denham-says-congress-has-delivered-on-our-promise-to-lower-taxes-for-the-middle-class-by-reducing-rates-while-preserving-the-credits-and-deductions-that-matter-most-to-the-people-i-represent. live.
  50. News: Wire. Sarah. California's Jeff Denham making bid to lead powerful House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. 9 January 2018. Los Angeles Times. January 4, 2018. November 23, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181123172424/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-california-s-jeff-denham-making-bid-to-1515080374-htmlstory.html. live.
  51. Web site: Members. Republican Mains Street Partnership. 2 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180826123025/https://republicanmainstreet.org/members/. August 26, 2018. dead.
  52. Web site: Members. U.S. - Japan Caucus. 12 January 2019. April 27, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190427164618/https://usjapancaucus-castro.house.gov/members. live.
  53. News: Tracking Jeff Denham In The Age Of Trump. Bycoffe. Aaron. 2018-01-09. FiveThirtyEight. 2017-02-18. February 19, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170219095039/https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/congress-trump-score/jeff-denham/. live.
  54. News: Represent. Willis. Derek. ProPublica. 2018-01-09. February 19, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170219134120/https://projects.propublica.org/represent/members/D000612-jeff-denham. live.
  55. Web site: The Lugar Center - McCourt School Bipartisan Index. The Lugar Center. March 7, 2016. April 30, 2017. April 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190412081713/http://www.thelugarcenter.org/assets/htmldocuments/The%20Lugar%20Center%20-%20McCourt%20School%20Bipartisan%20Index%20114th%20Congress%20House%20Scores.pdf. live.
  56. News: Everett. Burgess. Bade. Rachael. Conservatives pan GOP's debt ceiling scheme. 9 January 2018. Politico. September 5, 2017. January 10, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180110054546/https://www.politico.com/story/2017/09/05/hurricane-harvey-congress-aid-schedule-242332. live.
  57. Web site: Jeff Denham's Issue Positions (Political Courage Test). Vote Smart. 10 January 2018. December 22, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171222220056/https://votesmart.org/candidate/political-courage-test/28769/jeff-denham/#.WlZ_GktG0js. live.
  58. Stapley, Garth; ‘Congress has delivered.’ Denham praises ‘milestone’ tax reform; Modesto Bee; December 20, 2017; http://www.modbee.com/news/politics-government/article190851914.html
  59. House GOP's Internal Immigration Battle Leads To Strains; NPR; May 18, 2018; https://www.npr.org/2018/05/18/612240867/house-gops-internal-immigration-battle-leads-to-strains
  60. HUMANE SOCIETY LEGISLATIVE FUND ENDORSES REP. JEFF DENHAM OF CALIFORNIA FOR RE-ELECTION TO CONGRESS; Human Society Legislative Fund; September 2, 2014; http://www.hslf.org/news/press-releases/denham-endorsement-2014-1.html#.WyB5hDNKjOR
  61. Dewey, Caitlin; Congress doesn’t want you to eat your dog or cat; Washington Post; April 24, 2018; https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/04/24/congress-doesnt-want-you-to-eat-your-dog-or-cat/
  62. Web site: California Scorecard - NORML.org - Working to Reform Marijuana Laws. norml.org. 22 December 2017. en-us. October 13, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181013014948/https://norml.org/congressional-scorecard/california. live.
  63. News: Check out Representative Jeff Denham's Environmental Voting Record. League of Conservation Voters Scorecard. 2017-02-12. February 13, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170213001029/http://scorecard.lcv.org/moc/jeff-denham. live.
  64. News: Jeff Denham The Issues. https://web.archive.org/web/20140607054839/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/jeff-denham-r-calif/gIQA6BMZKP_topic.html#the-issues. dead. June 7, 2014. . August 17, 2012.
  65. News: Lawmakers: GSA spent $270K on event. Parni. Tarini. July 19, 2012. Politico. August 17, 2012. August 14, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120814135047/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0712/78732.html. live.
  66. News: Shutdown vote may take political toll in California. The McClatchy Company. 2017-02-12. February 12, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170212164403/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/congress/article24757525.html. live.
  67. News: 'Congress has delivered.' Denham praises 'milestone' tax reform. The Modesto Bee. 2018-09-19. August 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180812053341/https://www.modbee.com/news/politics-government/article190851914.html. live.
  68. News: Denham all too happy to support GOP's tax scam. Cox. T.J.. 2017-12-19. The Modesto Bee. 2018-09-19. en. September 19, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180919211429/https://www.modbee.com/opinion/article190568734.html. live.
  69. News: The Hill's Whip List: 19 GOP no votes on new ObamaCare replacement bill . . April 26, 2017 . May 5, 2017 . May 4, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170504200019/http://thehill.com/homenews/news/330717-the-hills-whip-list-who-to-watch-on-gops-new-obamacare-bill . live .
  70. News: California politics updates: The rush to push back against Trump's offshore drilling directive. Los Angeles Times. 2017-05-10. en-US. 0458-3035. June 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190612092139/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-rep-jeff-denham-1492484959-htmlstory.html. live.
  71. News: How the House voted to pass the GOP health-care bill. The Washington Post. 2017-05-04. May 4, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170504203121/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/ahca-house-vote/. live.
  72. News: Health care vote puts pressure on dozens of vulnerable GOP reps. USA Today. 2017-05-04. May 5, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170505063452/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/05/04/health-care-vote-puts-pressure-dozens-vulnerable-gop-reps/101297824/. live.
  73. News: Denham votes 'yes' to take down Obamacare – as do all California GOP House members. modbee. 2017-05-10. en. May 8, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170508014513/http://www.modbee.com/news/article148634369.html. live.
  74. News: Swing district GOP Rep. Denham gets earful over health care vote. San Francisco Chronicle. 2017-05-10. May 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170515011310/http://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Swing-district-GOP-Rep-Denham-gets-earful-over-11134097.php. live.
  75. News: Analysis These Republicans are misleading voters about our Obamacare fact checks. Washington Post. en. 2018-11-05. November 6, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181106004939/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/10/29/these-republicans-are-misleading-voters-about-our-obamacare-fact-checks/. live.
  76. Fuller, Thomas; In Silicon Valley, Caltrain Upgrade Is Imperiled as Trump Withholds Funds; New York Times; March 6, 2017; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/06/us/trump-and-republicans-block-caltrain-grant.html
  77. News: Immigration: California Republican Rep. Denham backs overhaul bill. October 27, 2013. Los Angeles Times. Richard Simon. November 20, 2013. November 19, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131119140355/http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/politicsnow/la-pn-immigration-denham-20131027,0,4393251.story. live.
  78. News: House Votes To Strip Deportation Relief From Dreamers. August 1, 2014. The Huffington Post. Foley. Elise. September 4, 2014. September 6, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140906135846/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/01/house-bill-daca_n_5643287.html. live.
  79. Wire, Sarah; California GOP Rep. Jeff Denham says he has the votes to force party leaders to consider bills to protect 'Dreamers' ; Los Angeles Times; April 12, 2018.
  80. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay; House Republicans, Defying Leaders, Move to Force Immigration Votes ; New York Times; May 9, 2018.
  81. Hains, Tim; GOP Rep. Jeff Denham: Not Building A Wall Means 500,000 New Illegals Per Year ; Real Clear Politics; May 17, 2018.
  82. White, Jeremy B.; Deal to protect America's 'Dreamers' struck, says Republican congressman ; The Independent; June 7, 2018.
  83. Full Denham: Immigration reform 'should have been done last year' ; MSNBC; June 7, 2018.
  84. Costa, Jim; No denial here: Solving California’s water problems remains a top priority; Fresno Bee; June 10, 2018; https://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/article212614144.html
  85. News: Chaos in House after GOP votes down LGBT measure. Marcos. Cristina. 2016-05-19. The Hill. 2017-02-12. March 2, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170302001255/http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/house/280542-dems-cry-foul-after-house-gop-votes-down-lgbt-measure. live.
  86. News: McPherson. Lindsey. In Reversal, House Backs LGBT Anti-Discrimination Measure. 9 January 2018. Roll Call. May 25, 2016. January 10, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180110054548/https://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/lgbt-amendment-succeeds-second-vote. live.
  87. News: August Essential Politics news feed: California Legislature's session ends in the wee hours. Los Angeles Times. 2017-02-12. December 30, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181230115850/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-sac-essential-politics-updates-rep-denham-responds-to-modesto-bee-1470681949-htmlstory.html. live.
  88. News: House passes Denham's cost-saving reforms in $81B disaster aid package. 9 January 2018. Ripon Advance. December 27, 2017. December 28, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171228014525/https://riponadvance.com/featured/house-passes-denhams-cost-saving-reforms-81b-disaster-aid-package/. live.
  89. Web site: Meet Rep. Jeff Denham. House of Representatives. August 17, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120820135551/http://denham.house.gov/about-me/full-biography. August 20, 2012. dead. mdy-all.
  90. Web site: GOP congressman backs Democrats on immigration overhaul giving illegal immigrants path to citizenship. Wallsten. Peter. October 26, 2013. The Washington Post. January 23, 2017. February 2, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202054019/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/republican-congressman-jeff-denham-will-join-democrats-in-immigration-overhaul-push/2013/10/26/02a7f530-3e21-11e3-b6a9-da62c264f40e_story.html. live.
  91. News: Salinas fire won't disrupt Denham Plastics operations, congressman says. Parsons. Larry. 2012-07-27. The Monterey County Herald. May 26, 2014. May 28, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140528010312/http://www.montereyherald.com/ci_21179725/salinas-fire-wont-disrupt-denham-plastics-operations-congressman. live.
  92. News: Recall is polluting spring air. Skelton. George. 2008-03-31. Los Angeles Times. May 26, 2014. May 27, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140527220658/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/mar/31/local/me-cap31. live.

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