Jean Guiart Explained

Jean Guiart (22 July 1924 - 4 August 2019)[1] was a French anthropologist and ethnologist specializing in Melanesia. From 1972 to 1982 he was president of the Société des Océanistes.[2]

Background

Guiart was born in Lyon to a long line of doctors and medical researchers.[2] He was the son of the parasitologist Jules Guiart. He initially studied at the Protestant Faculty of Theology in Paris, before switching to study ethnology at the École pratique des hautes études (EPHE).[2] Age 15 when WWII started, he played a small role in the French Resistance. In 1944 after World War II he was employed by the Musée de l'Homme to help inventory its collection.[3] In 1945 he joined the Société des Océanistes.[3] In 1947 he graduated with a diploma in Oceanic languages from the École nationale des langues orientales vivantes and moved to New Caledonia to work for the French Institute of Oceania.[3] He completed a diploma in colonial ethnology from the Research Institute for Development and then did fieldwork in the New Hebrides (modern Vanuatu).[3] He held the French equivalent of a PhD and mid-career Habilitation, both for work in Vanuatu.

Career

His research interests were the arts and religions of Oceania, particularly New Caledonia and Vanuatu. From 1968 to 1973 he was director of studies at the EPHE, and then from 1973 to 1988 director of the ethnology laboratory at the Musée de l'Homme in Paris, a position offering latitude to conduct fieldwork and research.[1] From 1972 to 1982 he was president of the Société des Océanistes, and served as its vice-president from 1961 to 1971 and from 1982 to 1995.[2]

After retiring he lived in the Pacific, first in Nouméa, where his wife's house was burned down by French or Caledonien nationalists because of his support for New Caledonia's independence from France,[4] and then in Punaauia in French Polynesia where he also supported independence and continued extensive writing on Pacific affairs and culture.[1]

He founded the publishing companies Le Rocher-à-la-Voile in New Caledonia and Te Pito O Te Fenua in French Polynesia,[2] as well as the magazine Connexions.[5]

Death

He died in Punaauia on 4 August 2019, age 94.[1] His wife, Joséphine Pawé Wahnyamala, predeceased him in 2012.[6] They had two sons, Armand and René.[7]

Major works

Guiart published around 44 books, if novels and autobiographical accounts are included, latterly with his own book imprints. His strong ethnographic contributions on Vanuatu gave way in later life, critics say, to blistering critiques of the work of fellow anthropologists working in the Pacific, as well as the colonial French regime.[8]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: L'anthropologue Jean Guiart est décédé . Tahiti Infos . fr . 5 August 2019 . 17 September 2023.
  2. Jean Guiart: ethnography as a life marathon . Tabani . Marc . Lindstrom . Lamont . Journal de la Société des Océanistes . 154 . 2022 . 7–14 .
  3. Jean Guiart et la Société des Océanistes . Coiffier . Christian . Journal de la Société des Océanistes . 154 . 2022 . 181–192 .
  4. http://www.jeanguiart.org/pdf/Colony_NC.pdf
  5. Web site: Connexions : la revue des écrivains du Pacifique . Tahiti Infos . fr . 14 October 2016 . 17 September 2023.
  6. https://journals.openedition.org/jso/13883
  7. https://hal.science/hal-02428056v1/document
  8. Jean Guiart : l'Ethnographie comme marathon d'une vie . 10.4000/jso.13819 . 2022 . Tabani . Marc . Lindstrom . Lamont . Journal de la Société des Océanistes . 154 . 7–14 . free .
  9. Web site: Le site officiel de l'anthropologue et océaniste Jean Guiart.The official website of anthropologist and oceanist Jean Guiart .
  10. Web site: Le site officiel de l'anthropologue et océaniste Jean Guiart.The official website of anthropologist and oceanist Jean Guiart .