| Birth Date: | 28 August 1762 |
| Birth Place: | Caen, France |
| Death Place: | Caen, France |
| Occupation: | Physician and professor |
Jean-François Ameline (Caen, 28 August 1762 - Caen, 3 December 1835)[1] was a French physician and professor at the medical faculty of Caen, and is considered one of the first users of papier-mâché for anatomical models. Until then, beeswax had been used to make anatomical models.
Around 1810, Ameline started making models that were much more robust than the wax ones used at the time. He used papier-mâché to model body parts on a real human skeleton[2] and the body thus assembled could be taken apart as in a dissection, revealing, layer by layer, the deeper elements, the passage of a nerve or a blood vessel between the muscles, the proportions of the intestines in the thorax or the abdomen. The results were spectacular at first sight, but the representation of many of the elements proved inadequate.[3]
From 1816, he presented papers to the medical society of Caen before moving on to the Parisian learned circles, who from 1819 to 1821 all praised his work but found it rather expensive. A report by the Royal Advisory Council for Public Education in December 1821 described his invention as follows: ‘He uses cardboard to make a solid pulp, light and flexible, and in no way brittle, capable of taking on any shape one wants to give it, and retaining it unchanged without shrinking.’[4]
He waged a lifelong feud with his rival Louis Auzoux, who outdid him with a better idea in 1822, and published numerous articles accusing him of plagiarism. They each used a different technique to make their anatomical models: Ameline used modelling, Auzoux moulding. The latter method was more suitable for large scale production and volume work, making it cheaper. This controversy lasted until the death of both protagonists.