Jakarta EE explained

Jakarta EE
Runtime:Java
Language:Java
Application:Application server
Status:Active
License:Eclipse Public License or GNU General Public License w/Classpath exception

Jakarta EE, formerly Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) and Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE), is a set of specifications, extending Java SE[1] with specifications for enterprise features such as distributed computing and web services.[2] Jakarta EE applications are run on reference runtimes, which can be microservices or application servers, which handle transactions, security, scalability, concurrency and management of the components they are deploying.

Jakarta EE is defined by its specification. The specification defines APIs (application programming interface) and their interactions. As with other Java Community Process specifications, providers must meet certain conformance requirements in order to declare their products as Jakarta EE compliant.

Examples of contexts in which Jakarta EE referencing runtimes are used are: e-commerce, accounting, banking information systems.

History

The platform was known as Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition or J2EE from version 1.2, until the name was changed to Java Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE in version 1.5.

Java EE was maintained by Oracle under the Java Community Process. On September 12, 2017, Oracle Corporation announced that it would submit Java EE to the Eclipse Foundation.[3] The Eclipse top-level project has been named Eclipse Enterprise for Java (EE4J).[4] The Eclipse Foundation could not agree with Oracle over the use of javax and Java trademarks.[5] Oracle owns the trademark for the name "Java" and the platform was renamed from Java EE to Jakarta EE.[6] [7] The name refers to the largest city on the island of Java and also the capital of Indonesia, Jakarta.[8] The name should not be confused with the former Jakarta Project which fostered a number of current and former Java projects at the Apache Software Foundation.

Java enterprise platform history! Platform version !! Release[9] !! Specification !! Support !! Important Changes
Jakarta EE 11 Planned for June/July 2024 11 Java SE 21 Data
Jakarta EE 10 [10] 10 Removal of deprecated items in Servlet, Faces, CDI and EJB (Entity Beans and Embeddable Container). CDI-Build Time.
[11] 9.1 JDK 11 support
Jakarta EE 9 [12] 9 Java SE 8 API namespace move from to
Jakarta EE 8 [13] 8 Java SE 8 Full compatibility with Java EE 8
Java EE 8 2017-08-31 JSR 366 Java SE 8 HTTP/2 and CDI based Security
Java EE 7 2013-05-28 JSR 342 Java SE 7 WebSocket, JSON and HTML5 support
Java EE 6 2009-12-10 JSR 316 Java SE 6 CDI managed Beans and REST
Java EE 5 2006-05-11 JSR 244 Java SE 5 Java annotations
J2EE 1.4 2003-11-11 JSR 151 J2SE 1.4 WS-I interoperable web services[14]
J2EE 1.3 2001-09-24 JSR 58 J2SE 1.3 Java connector architecture[15]
J2EE 1.2 1999-12-17 1.2 J2SE 1.2 Initial specification release

Specifications

Jakarta EE includes several specifications that serve different purposes, like generating web pages, reading and writing from a database in a transactional way, managing distributed queues.

The Jakarta EE APIs include several technologies that extend the functionality of the base Java SE APIs, such as Jakarta Enterprise Beans, connectors, servlets, Jakarta Server Pages and several web service technologies.

Web specifications

Web service specifications

Enterprise specifications

Other specifications

Web profile

In an attempt to limit the footprint of web containers, both in physical and in conceptual terms, the web profile was created, a subset of the Jakarta EE specifications. The Jakarta EE web profile comprises the following:

Specification Java EE 6[16] Java EE 7[17] Java EE 8[18]
Jakarta EE 8[19]
Jakarta EE 9[20]
Jakarta EE 9.1[21]
Jakarta EE 10[22]
3.0 3.1 4.05.06.0
Jakarta Server Pages (JSP) 2.2 2.3 2.33.03.1
Jakarta Expression Language (EL) 2.2 3.0 3.04.05.0
Jakarta Debugging Support for Other Languages (JSR-45) 1.0 1.0 1.02.02.0
Jakarta Standard Tag Library (JSTL) 1.2 1.2 1.22.03.0
2.0 2.2 2.33.04.0
Jakarta RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS) 1.1 2.0 2.13.03.1
Jakarta WebSocket (WebSocket) 1.0 1.12.02.1
Jakarta JSON Processing (JSON-P) 1.0 1.12.02.1
Jakarta JSON Binding (JSON-B) 1.12.03.0
Jakarta Annotations (CA) 1.1 1.2 1.32.02.1
Jakarta Enterprise Beans (EJB) 3.1 Lite 3.2 Lite 3.2 Lite4.0 Lite4.0 Lite
Jakarta Transactions (JTA) 1.1 1.2 1.22.02.0
Jakarta Persistence (JPA) 2.0 2.1 2.23.03.1
1.0 1.1 2.03.03.0
1.0 1.0 1.02.0
1.1 1.2 1.22.02.1
Jakarta Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI) 1.0 1.1 2.03.04.0
1.0 1.0 1.02.02.0
1.02.03.0
1.0 1.12.03.0
3.0

Certified referencing runtimes

Although by definition all Jakarta EE implementations provide the same base level of technologies (namely, the Jakarta EE spec and the associated APIs), they can differ considerably with respect to extra features (like connectors, clustering, fault tolerance, high availability, security, etc.), installed size, memory footprint, startup time, etc.

Jakarta EE

Referencing runtime[23] [24] [25] DeveloperJakarta EE 10 PlatformJakarta EE 9/9.1 Platform Compatible ProductsJakarta EE 9/9.1 Web Profile Compatible ProductsJakarta EE 8 Platform Compatible ProductsJakarta EE 8 Web Profile Compatible ProductsLicensing
GlassFishEclipse 7.0.0 6.0.0/ 6.1.0 6.0.0/ 6.1.0 5.1.0 5.1.0
Open LibertyIBM 22.0.0.13-beta,[26] 23.0.0.3[27] 21.0.0.12 21.0.0.12 19.0.0.6, 20.0.0.3 19.0.0.6, 20.0.0.3
WebSphere LibertyIBM 23.0.0.3 21.0.0.12 21.0.0.12 20.0.0.3 20.0.0.3
WildFlyRed Hat 27.0.0.Alpha5 23.0.1-Preview/25.0.0-Preview 23.0.1-Preview/25.0.0-Preview 18.0.0 18.0.0
JBoss EAPRed Hat 7.3.0 7.3.0
TomEEApache 9.0.0-M7[28] 8.0.x
Payara ServerPayara Services Limited 6.2022.1 Alpha 4 6.2021.1 Alpha 1 5.22.0, 5.23.0 5.23.0
Thunisoft Application ServerBeijing Thunisoft Information Technology 3.0 2.8
JEUSTmaxSoft 8.5
InforSuite Application ServerShandong Cvicse Middleware 11 10

Java EE

Referencing runtimeDeveloperJava EE 8 certified – FullJava EE 8 certified – WebJava EE 7 certified – FullJava EE 7 certified – WebJava EE 6 certified – Full
Official Oracle page for Java EE Compatibility.
Java EE 6 certified – WebJava EE 5 certifiedJ2EE 1.4 certifiedLicensing
GlassFish server Open Source EditionOracle v5.0[29] v5.0 v4.x v4.x v3.x and upward[30] v3.x Web Profile v2.1.x
Oracle GlassFish ServerOracle v3[31] based on the open source GlassFish application server Sun Java System Application Server v9.0 Sun Java System Application Server v8.2
Oracle WebLogic ServerOracle 14.1.1[32] 12.2.1[33] v12c[34] v10.3.5.0 v9
WildFlyRed Hat v14.x v14.x v8.1 [35] v8.0.0.Final v7.1[36] v6.0[37] and v7.0[38] v5.1[39] [40] v4.x
JBoss Enterprise Application PlatformRed Hat v7.2 [41] v7.0[42] v7.0 v6.0[43] v5
IBM WebSphere Application ServerIBM v9.x v9.x v8[44] v7
IBM WebSphere Application Server LibertyIBM v18.0.0.2[45] v18.0.0.2 v8.5.5.6[46] [47] v8.5.5.6 v8.5.5[48]
Open LibertyIBM v18.0.0.2 v18.0.0.2
IBM WebSphere Application Server Community EditionIBM v3.0 v2.1
Apache GeronimoApache v3.0-beta-1[49] [50] v2.0 v1.0
JEUSTmaxSoft v8 v7[51] [52] v6 v5
Cosminexus Application ServerHitachi v10.0 v9[53]
Fujitsu Interstage Application Server[54] Fujitsu v12.0 v1 Azure/v10.1[55] [56]
WebOTXNEC[57]
BES Application ServerBaolande v9.5
Apache TomEE[58] [59] Apache 7 (Java EE 7 like, but not certified[60])
Resin ServerCaucho v4.0[61]
SiwpasOW2 v6.0[62]
JOnASOW2 v5.3 rc1[63]
SAP NetWeaverSAP v2.x[64]
Oracle Containers for Java EEOracle
Oracle iPlanet Web ServerOracle Sun Java System Web Server
Oracle Application Server 10gOracle
Pramati ServerPramati Technologies v5.0
Trifork T4Trifork
Sybase Enterprise Application Server[65] Sybase

Code sample

The code sample shown below demonstrates how various technologies in Java EE 7 are used together to build a web form for editing a user.

In Jakarta EE a (web) UI can be built using Jakarta Servlet, Jakarta Server Pages (JSP), or Jakarta Faces (JSF) with Facelets. The example below uses Faces and Facelets. Not explicitly shown is that the input components use the Jakarta EE Bean Validation API under the covers to validate constraints.

Example Backing Bean class

To assist the view, Jakarta EE uses a concept called a "Backing Bean". The example below uses Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI) and Jakarta Enterprise Beans (EJB).

@Named@ViewScopedpublic class UserEdit

Example Data Access Object class

To implement business logic, Jakarta Enterprise Beans (EJB) is the dedicated technology in Jakarta EE. For the actual persistence, JDBC or Jakarta Persistence (JPA) can be used. The example below uses EJB and JPA. Not explicitly shown is that JTA is used under the covers by EJB to control transactional behavior.

@Statelesspublic class UserDAO

Example Entity class

For defining entity/model classes Jakarta EE provides the Jakarta Persistence (JPA), and for expressing constraints on those entities it provides the Bean Validation API. The example below uses both these technologies.

@Entitypublic class User

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Differences between Java EE and Java SE - Your First Cup: An Introduction to the Java EE Platform . Docs.oracle.com . 2012-04-01 . 2012-07-18.
  2. Web site: Java EE Overview . February 26, 2017 . Oracle Corporation.
  3. Web site: Waters . John K. . 2017-09-12 . mdy . Java EE Is Moving to the Eclipse Foundation . ADTmag . 2017-09-13.
  4. Web site: EE4J FAQ . Wayne . Beaton . Eclipse Foundation.
  5. Web site: Milinkovich . Mike . 2019-05-03 . mdy . Update on Jakarta EE Rights to Java Trademarks . Blog . Life at Eclipse . 2024-07-25.
  6. News: Chirgwin . Richard . 2018-03-04 . mdy . Java EE renamed 'Jakarta EE' after Big Red brand spat . Software . . 19 March 2018.
  7. News: Vaughan-Nichols . Steven J. . 2018-03-05 . mdy . Good-bye JEE, hello Jakarta EE . Linux and Open Source . . 2020-07-10.
  8. Web site: Tijms . Arjan . 2020-02-27 . mdy . Transition From Java EE to Jakarta EE . Java Magazine . blogs.oracle.com . 2024-07-25.
  9. Web site: Jakarta EE Releases . Jakarta EE . . 2024-07-17.
  10. Obradovic . Tanja . Grimstad . Ivar . 2022-09-22 . ymd . The Eclipse Foundation’s Jakarta EE Working Group Releases Jakarta EE 10 to Usher in the Era of Cloud Native Java . News . Jakarta EE . . 2024-07-17.
  11. Obradovic . Tanja . Grimstad . Ivar . 2021-05-25 . ymd . The Jakarta EE Working Group Releases Jakarta EE 9.1 as Industry Continues to Embrace Open Source Enterprise Java . News . Jakarta EE . . 2022-03-05.
  12. Mmayel . Shabnam . Obradovic . Tanja . 2020-12-08 . ymd . Jakarta EE 9 Released! . News . Jakarta EE . . 2022-03-05.
  13. Mmayel . Shabnam . Obradovic . Tanja . 2019-09-10 . ymd . Jakarta EE 8 Released! . News . Jakarta EE . . 2022-03-05.
  14. Web site: Krill . Paul . 2003-11-21 . mdy . J2EE 1.4 spec certified . Software Development . . 2022-03-05.
  15. Web site: Copeland . Lee . 2001-09-24 . mdy . Sun unveils J2EE 1.3 . Software Development . . 2022-03-05.
  16. Web site: JSR 316: Java Platform, Enterprise Edition 6 (Java EE 6) Specification . . . 2022-03-05.
  17. Web site: JSR 342: Java Platform, Enterprise Edition 7 (Java EE 7) Specification . . . 2022-03-05.
  18. Web site: Java Platform, Enterprise Edition 8 (Java EE 8) Web Profile Specification . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://javaee.github.io/javaee-spec/download/JavaEE8_WebProfile_Spec_FinalRelease.pdf . 2022-10-09 . live . . . 2022-02-05.
  19. Web site: Web Profile Definition . Jakarta EE WebProfile . 8 . Jakarta EE . . 2022-03-05.
  20. Web site: Web Profile Definition . Jakarta EE WebProfile . 9 . Jakarta EE . . 2022-03-05.
  21. Web site: Web Profile Definition . Jakarta EE WebProfile . 9.1 . Jakarta EE . . 2022-03-05.
  22. Web site: Web Profile Definition . Jakarta EE WebProfile . 10 . Jakarta EE . . 2022-09-27.
  23. Web site: Jakarta EE Compatible Products. Jakarta.ee.
  24. Web site: Jakarta EE 9 Compatible Products. Jakarta.ee.
  25. Web site: Jakarta EE 8 Compatible Products. Jakarta.ee.
  26. Web site: Jakarta EE 10 Platform and MicroProfile 6 in Open Liberty 23.0.0.1-beta. openliberty.io.
  27. Web site: Jakarta EE 10, MicroProfile 6, and Java SE 20 support in Open Liberty 23.0.0.3. openliberty.io.
  28. Web site: Apache TomEE . 2024-01-08 . tomee.apache.org.
  29. Web site: Java EE Compatibility. www.oracle.com. 2018-08-05.
  30. Web site: Comparing GlassFish Open Source Edition versions 2.x and 3.0.x. https://archive.today/20121220022558/https://glassfish.dev.java.net/public/comparing_v2_and_v3.html. dead. 2012-12-20.
  31. Web site: Java EE Compatibility . Java.sun.com . 2010-09-07 . 2012-07-18.
  32. Web site: Oracle Weblogic Server 14.1.1. www.oracle.com.
  33. Web site: Oracle Weblogic Server 12.1.1. www.oracle.com.
  34. Web site: Oracle Web Logic Server 12c: Developing Modern, Lightweight Java EE 6 Applications . Will. Lyons . Pieter. Humphrey . 2011 . 2011-12-03 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111215182732/http://wcc.on24.com/event/37/57/27/rt/1/documents/player_docanchr_3/weblogic12c_launch_tech_webinar_v8.pdf . 2011-12-15 .
  35. Web site: Java EE Compatibility. www.oracle.com.
  36. Web site: JBoss AS 7.1.0.Final "Thunder" released - Java EE 6 Full Profile certified! | My Wiki | Planet JBoss Community . Planet.jboss.org . 2012-02-17 . 2012-07-18.
  37. Web site: JBoss Application Server - JBoss Community.
  38. Web site: JBoss Application Server - JBoss Community.
  39. Web site: Java EE Compatibility.
  40. Web site: JBoss AS is now EE5 certified!. 15 September 2008. 7 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20080920223001/http://sacha.labourey.com/2008/09/15/jboss-as-is-now-ee5-certified/. 20 September 2008. dead.
  41. Web site: Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 Availability.
  42. Web site: Java EE Compatibility.
  43. Web site: Business Wire . Red Hat Launches JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6 to Help Enterprises Move Application Development and Deployment to the Cloud . Business Wire . 2012-06-20 . 2012-07-18.
  44. Web site: What's new in WebSphere Application Server V8 . Ibm.com . 2012-07-18.
  45. Web site: IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty delivers the first production-ready, Java EE 8-compatible application server and broadens support for Spring Boot applications. IBM. 10 July 2018 . 12 July 2018.
  46. Web site: Java EE 7 - Tested Configurations- IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty Profile. Oracle.com.
  47. Web site: Java EE 7 has landed in WAS Liberty - WASdev. 25 June 2015.
  48. Web site: IBM Java EE 6 Web Profile Tested Configurations.
  49. Web site: Apache Geronimo : Index. January 25, 2010. geronimo.apache.org.
  50. Web site: Apache Geronimo fully certified for Java EE 6 - The H Open: News and Features . https://web.archive.org/web/20120420064218/http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Apache-Geronimo-fully-certified-for-Java-EE-6-1378384.html . 20 April 2012. H-online.com . 2011-11-14 . 2012-07-18.
  51. Web site: Tested Configurations, Java EE 6 - TMAX JEUS 7 . Oracle.com . 2010-09-07 . 2012-07-18.
  52. Web site: Java EE6 Web Application Server, WAS Software . Us.tmaxsoft.com . 2012-07-18 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120702045326/http://us.tmaxsoft.com/jsp/product/detailcontents.jsp?psCd=00PD04&menuCd=00PDMSJE . 2012-07-02 .
  53. Web site: Java EE 6 - Tested Configurations, Java EE 6 - Hitachi uCosminexus Application Server v9.0. Oracle.com.
  54. Web site: Fujitsu Interstage Application Server powered by Windows Azure. https://web.archive.org/web/20110810160631/http://www.fujitsu.com/global/services/software/windows-azure/. dead. August 10, 2011.
  55. Web site: Tested Configurations, Java EE6 - Fujitsu Interstage . Oracle.com . 2010-09-07 . 2012-07-18.
  56. Web site: Fujitsu Releases Interstage Application Server V10.1. Fujitsu.
  57. Web site: NEC WebOTX Application Server V9.x Certification.
  58. Web site: Apache TomEE . Openejb.apache.org . 2012-07-18.
  59. Web site: MarketWatch.com . MarketWatch.com . 2012-07-18.
  60. Web site: Apache TomEE 7.0.1. Apache. TomEE.
  61. Web site: Resin Application Server Java EE 6 Web Profile. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.caucho.com/articles/Caucho_Web%20Profile%20JavaEE6_whitepaper_byRR.pdf . 2022-10-09 . live. 2011. caucho.com.
  62. Web site: Please Welcome Siwpas as Java EE Certified Option! . Oracle.com . 2015-12-07.
  63. Web site: JOnAS 5.3.0 RC1 released . 2013-01-07 . jonas.ow2.org . 2014-02-25 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131015132408/http://jonas.ow2.org/xwiki/bin/view/Blog/JOnAS+530+RC1+released . 2013-10-15 .
  64. Web site: SAP NetWeaver Cloud Java EE 6 Web Profile Certified! (The Aquarium).
  65. Web site: SAP Software Solutions - Business Applications and Technology.