Chakobo language explained
Chácobo |
Nativename: | Chokobo-Pakawara |
States: | Bolivia |
Region: | Beni Department |
Ethnicity: | Chacobo (2006), possibly 50 Pacahuara (2007) |
Speakers: | 600 |
Date: | 2000–2007 |
Ref: | e18 |
Familycolor: | American |
Fam1: | Panoan |
Fam2: | Mainline Panoan |
Fam3: | Nawa |
Fam4: | Bolivian |
Dia1: | Chakobo |
Dia2: | Pakawara |
Dia3: | Karipuna? |
Lc1: | cao |
Ld1: | Chácobo |
Lc2: | pcp |
Ld2: | Pakawara |
Lc3: | kuq |
Ld3: | Karipuna (confuses Jau-Navo with Kawahib) |
Glotto: | chac1251 |
Glottoname: | Chácobo |
Glotto2: | paca1246 |
Glottoname2: | Pacahuara |
Glotto3: | kari1312 |
Glottoname3: | Karipuna |
Glotto4: | shin1267 |
Glottoname4: | Shinabo |
Chácobo-Pakawara is a Panoan language spoken by about 550 of 860 ethnic tribal Chácobo people of the Beni Department northwest of Magdalena, Bolivia, and (as of 2004) 17 of 50 Pakawara. Chácobo children are learning the language as a first language, but Pakawara is moribund.[1] Karipuna may have been a variant; alternative names are Jaunavô (Jau-Navo) and Éloe.[2]
Several dormant and unattested languages were reported to have been related, perhaps dialects. These include Capuibo and Sinabo/Shinabo of the Mamoré River. However, nothing is actually known of these purported languages.[3]
Phonology
Consonants
- Sounds /t͡ʃ, ʃ/ may also be heard as palatalized [t͡ʃʲ, ʃʲ] when before vowels in free variation.
- /k/ may be heard as a voiced fricative [ɣ] when in between the positions of /ɨ/.
- /t͡ʃ/ assimilates to a retroflex [t͡ʂ] when /ʂ/ is in the following syllable.
- /n/ can be heard as [ɲ] as a realization of the sequence /ni/.
Vowels
- /o/ may be heard as [u] when occurring within the environment of high vowels.[4]
Examples
[5]
Numerals
nicatsu | 1 |
dafuira | 2 |
unamarana | 3 |
atchayuna | 4 |
chayuna | 5 | |
Pronouns
hiasro | I |
miani | you |
zonihua | he/she/it/they |
noquirzo | we |
zunimato | you (pl.) |
|
Vocabulary
chii | fire |
huisruhuaina | rain |
jini | water |
mai | earth |
oriquiti | food |
osse | moon |
rsepo | chicha |
rsiqui | maize |
vari | sun |
vistima | star |
|
References
- Tallman . Adam J. . A grammar of Chácobo, a southern Pano language of the northern Bolivian Amazon . 2018 . Ph.D. . The University of Texas at Austin . 2152/74212 . free . 10.26153/tsw/1343 . free .
External links
Notes and References
- News: BBC News.
- Distinguish Karipuna language (Rondônia), a Tupian language, across the border in Brazil
- David Fleck, 2013, Panoan Languages and Linguistics, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History #99
- Book: Tallman, Adam J. R. . A Grammar of Chácobo, a southern Pano language of the northern Bolivian Amazon . University of Texas at Austin . 2018.
- Montaño Aragon, M. Guía etnográfica lingüística de Bolivia' La Paz: Editorial Don Bosco, 1987