Jatav Explained

Group:Jatav
Native Name:जाटव
Native Name Lang:hi
Languages:Hindi, Awadhi, Rajasthani, Haryanvi
Religions:Hinduism[1] (majority) and Buddhism & Ravidassia Panth (minority)

Jatav, also known as Jatava/Jatan/ Jatua/Jhusia /Jatia/Jatiya, is an Indian Dalit community that are considered to be a subcaste of the Chamar caste, who are classified as a Scheduled Caste under modern India's system of positive discrimination.

According to the 2011 Census of India, the Jatav community of Uttar Pradesh comprised 54% of that state's total 22,496,047 Scheduled Caste population.[2]

History

Some Jatav authors have disputed being Scheduled. In the 1920s, Jatavs claimed to be survivors of the ancient war between Parashuram, the legend of the Brahmins, and Kshatriyas, forced into hiding. Their proof of ancestry is a series of correspondences or status similarities between Jatav and other Kshatriya clans. According to Owen Lynch, "These included identical gotras, and such Kshatriya-like ceremonies as shooting a cannon at weddings and the use of the bow and arrow at the birth saṃskāra".[3] According to M. P. S. Chandel In the early part of the 20th century, the Jatavs attempted the process of sanskritisation, claiming themselves to be historical of the Kshatriya varna. They gained political expertise by forming associations and by developing a literate cadre of leaders, and they tried to change their position in the caste system through the emulation of upper-caste behavior. As a part of this process, they also claimed not to be Chamars and petitioned the government of the British Raj to be officially classified differently: disassociating themselves from the Chamar community would they felt, enhance their acceptance as Kshatriya. These claims were not accepted by other castes and, although the government was amenable, no official reclassification as a separate community occurred due to the onset of World War II.[3] An organisation of young Jatavs, called the Jatav Vir, was formed in Agra in 1917, and a Jatav Pracharak Sangh was organised in 1924. They joined with local Banias to establish a front and thus one of them won the seat of the mayor in Agra, and another became a member of the Legislative Council.

Under the leadership of Jatav Mahasabha in the 1931 census, he took an aggressive stand for his demand to include Jatavs in the Kshatriya class and to rename them as 'Jatav' from Chanwar Chamar. They were successful and in the new census of India the Tanners were called 'Jatav'.

Earlier pressing for the Kshatriya status, the new issues emerged among Jatavs in 1944–45. The Jatavs formed the Scheduled Caste Federation of Agra having ties with the Ambedkar-led All India Scheduled Caste Federation. They started recognizing themselves as Scheduled Caste and hence "Dalit". This acceptance is attributed to the protections available to the scheduled castes.

According to Owen Lynch:

Religion

Most of the Jatavs belongs to the Hindu,Some Jatavs also became Buddhists in 1956, after B. R. Ambedkar converted him to Buddhism, in 1990 many more converted to Buddhism. Ravidassia follow the cult as ideal.

status in the states

Jatavs are often combined with Chamar, Ahirwar, Ravidassia and other subcastes and are given Scheduled Caste in major North Indian states under India's positive reservation system.[4]

StatesNotesStatus in the statesRef.
Andhra PradeshCounted with Chamar, Mochi, Muchi, Chamar-Ravidas, Chamar-RohidasSC[5]
AssamOBC
BiharCounted with Chamar and Ravidas. In some districts, along with Mochi.SC
ChhattisgarhCounted with Chamar, Chamari, Bairwa, Bhambhi, Jatav, Mochi, Regar, Nona, Rohidas, Ramnami, Satnami, Surjyabanshi, Surjyaramnami, Ahirwar, Chamar, Mangan, Raidas.SC[6]
DelhiCounted with Chamar.SC[7]
GujaratSC
HaryanaSC
Himachal PradeshCounted with Chamar, Rehgar, Raigar, Ramdasi, Ravidasi, Ramdasia, Mochi and known as Jatia.SC
Madhya PradeshCounted with Chamar, Chamari, Bairwa, Bhambhi, Jatav, Mochi, Regar, Nona, Rohidas, Ramnami, Satnami, Surjyabanshi, Surjyaramnami, Ahirwar, Chamar Mangan, Raidas.SC
RajasthanCounted along with Chamar, Bhambhi/Bambhi,Meghwal, Mochi, Raidas, Rohidas, Regar, Raigar, Ramdasia, Asadaru, Asodi, Chamadia, Chambhar, Chamgar, Haralavya, Harali, Khalpa, Machigar, Mochigar, Madar, Madig, Telugu, Mochi, Kamati, Mochi, Ranigar, Rohit, Samgar. SC
UttarakhandAlso known as Jhusia or Jatava.SC
Uttar PradeshCounted along with Chamar,Jatav, Gautam, Ahirwar, Raidas, Kureel, Dhusia, Dohre, Bharti, Kardam, Anand, Chandra Ramdasia, Ravidassia.SC[8]
West BengalAlso known as Jatua, or Jatve.SC and OBC

Notable Jatavs

See also

Sources

Notes and References

  1. News: Jatavs power BSP's campaign in U.P.. The Hindu. 18 May 2019. 0971-751X. 10 March 2021. Rashid. Omar.
  2. News: Jatavs on top of SC population in UP . 4 July 2015 . The Times of India.
  3. .
  4. Web site: LIST OF SCHEDULED CASTES. Ministry of Social Justice.
  5. Web site: List of Andhra Pradesh Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) Lopol.org. 2022-01-05. lopol.org.
  6. Web site: Scheduled Castes in Rajasthan. 2021-12-15. Sje.rajasthan.gov.in.
  7. Web site: Archived copy . 15 December 2021 . 3 March 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120303211454/http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/SCCRC_07.pdf . dead .
  8. Web site: 2019-08-29. Adivasis and the Indian State: Deliberately misclassified as SC, Dhangar tribe in UP is being deprived of its constitutional rights-India News, Firstpost. 2021-12-15. Firstpost. en.