| Jashpur district | |
| Settlement Type: | District of Chhattisgarh |
| Total Type: | Total |
| Coordinates: | 22.9°N 93°W |
| Coor Pinpoint: | Jashpur Nagar |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | Chhattisgarh |
| Subdivision Type2: | Division |
| Subdivision Name2: | Surguja |
| Established Title: | Established |
| Seat Type: | Headquarters |
| Seat: | Jashpur Nagar |
| Parts Type: | Tehsils |
| Parts Style: | para |
| P1: | 8 |
| Area Total Km2: | 5,838 |
| Population As Of: | 2011 |
| Population Total: | 851,669 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Demographics Type1: | Demographics |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Literacy |
| Demographics1 Info1: | 82% |
| Demographics1 Title2: | Sex ratio |
| Demographics1 Info2: | 1000:1004 |
| Leader Title: | District Collector and Magistrate |
| Leader Name: | Ritesh Kumar Agrawal |
| Leader Title1: | Lok Sabha constituencies |
| Leader Name1: | 1 |
| Leader Title2: | Vidhan Sabha constituencies |
| Leader Name2: | 3KunkuriJashpurPathalgaon |
| Timezone1: | IST |
| Utc Offset1: | +05:30 |
| Blank Name Sec1: | Major highways |
| Blank Info Sec1: | 1(NH-43) |
| Blank Name Sec2: | Average annual precipitation |
| Blank Info Sec2: | 1400 mm |
| Postal Code Type: | PIN |
| Postal Code: | 496xxx (Jashpur)[1] |
Jashpur District is a district of the central Indian state of Chhattisgarh bordering Jharkhand and Odisha. Jashpur Nagar is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district was formerly a princely state before Independence. Highly mountainous and forested, Jashpur is known for its natural environment.
Shri Ritesh Agrawal is the District Collector and Magistrate of Jashpur. He has previously served as DM Bijapur, CEO Zila Panchayat Bilaspur, Bastar, Dhamtari & Gariyaband.[2]
During the British Raj Jashpur town was the capital of Jashpur State, one of the princely states of the Eastern States Agency.[3] Merged with independent India in 1948, the last king before Independence was Vijay Bhushan Singh Ju Deo.
The north-south length of this district is about 150 km, and its east-west breadth is about 85 km. Its total area is 6,205 km2. It is between 22° 17′ and 23° 15′ North latitude and 83° 30′ and 84° 24′ East longitude. Geographical area was 6701 km2. It is bordered by Balrampur district to the north, Gumla district of Jharkhand to the east, Simdega district of Jharkhand and Sundergarh district of Odisha to the southeast, Raigarh district to the southwest and Surguja district to the west.
It is divided geographically into two parts. The northern hilly belt is called the Upper Ghat. The remaining, southern part, is called Nichghat.
The upper ghat runs from Loroghat Kastura, Narayanpur, Bagicha up to Surguja and Balrampur districts. This belt is a forest area and contains a reserve forest. It covers Sanna, Bagicha, and Narayanpur. The upper ghat is an extension plateau covering 1384 km2 which is about 1200 meters above sea level and is covered by a dense forest. The elevated plateau is called "Pat". The Upper Ghat is climbed through Loroghat. Loroghat is about 4 km in length and there are three turnings that are very dangerous.
Nichghat is flat in general but also has many big mountains. In Jashpur Raigarh road there are two more ghats, Jhanda ghat before Kansabel and Belaghat after Kansabel.
Major rivers in the Mahanadi basin are Ib and its tributaries such as Dorki, Maini, Kokiya, Utai, Khadung, Girma and Burhi. In the eastern part, rivers named Baki and Lava Nadi flow in the Brahmani basin. Lower Ganges part is mainly drained by Geor and Kanhar rivers. The drainage pattern is dendritic and is highly irregular, which is reflective of the topography. Irregular topography results in huge base flow through the streams and less recharge.
The main towns situated on the national highway (N.H.78) are Lodam, Gholeng, and Jashpur in the Upper ghat and Kunkuri, Bandarchuwan, Kansabel, Ludeg, and Pathalgaon. The roads running from Jashpur H.Q are:
Kunkuri is the hottest region in Nichghat during the summer and Pandrapat is the coldest region in Upper Ghat in the winter. It is situated between forests. It is a junction, from Raigarh and from Ambikapur or Jashpur all the people need to cross Patthalgaon first.
Weather record|location = Jashpur District (1998–2015)
| Weather Data | JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | MAY | JUN | JULY | AUG | SEPT | OCT | NOV | DEC | Annual | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max Temperature (°C) | 31.20 | 35.19 | 39.13 | 42.87 | 43.74 | 44.0 | 36.77 | 33.50 | 34.29 | 33.56 | 32.80 | 30.25 | 36.45 | |
| Min Temperature (°C) | 1.18 | 5.83 | 8.77 | 16.01 | 19.13 | 20.67 | 20.48 | 21.01 | 19.48 | 13.2 | 8.15 | 5.66 | 13.33 | |
| Rainfall(mm) | 19.23 | 16.25 | 20.42 | 19.87 | 36.50 | 191.1 | 389.62 | 380.44 | 236.83 | 75.85 | 7.23 | 6.77 | 1400.173 |
Yellow soils (Ultisols)and red soils (Alfisols)developed over the granitoidsoccupy most part of the districtBlack soils (Inceptisols) haveformed over the deccan traps in small patches.
Most part of the District is covered by granitoids. A small portion in thenorthwestern part is occupied by the Deccan Traps and Lametas. Almostthe entire area has a thick laterite cover.Nearly 90% of the area in the district is covered with granitoids, which includegranite gneiss, chlorite-biotite gneiss, muscovite granite, granodiorite etc. Remaining areais occupied by Deccan Traps and Lametas. The entire has a thick carapace of laterite.Thickness of laterite cover varies from a few metres to more than 30m at several places.Broadly the area can be divided into 4 hydro-stratigraphic units viz. Laterite, Granitoids,Deccan Traps and Lametas.
i) Major Physiographic Units - The northern hilly areas can becategorised as structural hillsand the relatively plain areas inthe southern part can becategorised as pediplains.
ii) Major Drainage - Mahanadi basin occupies nearly 71% area in the central part, Bramhani basin covers 21% area in the eastern partand Lower Ganges basinspreads over an area of 8% inthe northern part of the district.
According to the 2011 census Jashpur district has a population of 851,669,[4] roughly equal to the nation of Qatar[5] or the US state of South Dakota.[6] This gives it a ranking of 473rd in India (out of a total of 640).[4] The district has a population density of 146PD/sqkm.[4] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 14.65%.[4] Jashpur has a sex ratio of 1004 females for every 1000 males,[4] and a literacy rate of 68.6%. 8.92% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 5.73% and 62.28% of the population respectively.[4]
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 48.83% of the population in the district spoke Sadri, 27.57% Kurukh, 9.60% Chhattisgarhi, 5.09% Odia, 4.98% Hindi and 1.36% Bhojpuri as their first language.[7]