Jarildekald people explained
The Jarildekald people, also known as Yarilde or Yaralde, are an Aboriginal Australian people of South Australia originating on the eastern side of Lake Alexandrina and the Murray River.
Name
The tribal name Jarildekald is said to derive from Jarawalangan?, a phrase meaning "Where shall we go?'" referring to a tradition according to which on migrating from the interior to the mouth of the Murray, the tribe at that point was perplexed as to where they were to continue their travels. They were grouped as the Ngarrindjeri by the early ethnographer George Taplin, though Norman Tindale and others have argued that while his data refer predominantly to the Jarildekald. It would be mistaken to confuse them with the Narinndjeri.
In 2019 law professor Irene Watson wrote in an article about the Maria massacre: "The ancient identity and name of the Milmendjeri, one of the Tanganekald peoples, belong to the Coorong. They are ancient names that have become almost lost to living memory. Post-invasion, the peoples and territories of the Coorong have become known as Ngarrindjeri — this name is now privileged in native title claims over the lands and affairs of traditional First Nations nations such as Ramindjeri, Tanganekald, and Yaralde."[1]
Language
Their dialect of Ngarrindjeri is known as Yarildewallin (Jaralde speech).
Country
The lands of the Jarildekald extended over some 500mi2 They were located on the eastern side of Lake Alexandrina and the Murray River, their territory running from Loveday Bay on the Narrung Peninsula to Mobilong, and east to Meningie and the Cookes Plains.
Alternative names
- Jaralde (short form)
- Lakalinyeri (group at Point McLeay)
- Piccanini Murray people
- Warawalde (a northern group at Nalpa)
- Yalawarre
- Yarilde, Yaralde, Yarrildie, Jaraldi, Yarildewallin (Jaralde speech)
People
The Jarildekald people consisted of over 15 groups. A. R. Radcliffe-Brown provided a list he said was incomplete, totally 22.
| Clan name | Totems |
|---|
| Luŋundinďerar. | morinďeriorn.(White-bellied sea eagle),(?)ťeniťeri.(seagull),(tern?); |
| Kaŋaninďerar. | (?)kalu, a type of bird. (?)wankeri (mullet-like fish); |
| Kandukari. | (?)ťeniťeri.; |
| Retirinďerar. | waiyi (brown snake), wiruri (spider); |
| Manäŋkar. | rakalde (water-rat), kinkindili (small back turtle); |
| Liwurinďerar. | nguari pelican, tukuri (silver bream); |
| Milinďerar. | rakalde(water-rat), kinkindili)small turtle); |
| Turarorn. | turi (coot); |
| Yedawulinďerar. | panki (water plant), maińŋuni (stinging nettle); |
| Tumbalinďerar. | |
| Wuraltinďerar. | kunŋari (swan); |
| Kinarinďerar. | paraŋuwaťeri (snake); |
| Krapinďerar. | peláŋe (small butterfish), karaiyi (snake), puŋkalateri (prickly lizard); |
| Paraigelďerar. | tukuri (silver bream); |
| Yukinďerar. | piuwińi (hawk); |
| Limpinďerar. | waldi (hot weather); |
| Wutsautinďerar/Waltarpularorn. | waldi (hot weather), waltarwaltarińeri (a small bird); |
| Raŋurinďerar. | keli (wild dog of dark hue), kalari (sleepy lizard); |
| Mulberaperar/Mulberapinďerar. | noŋkulauri (mountain duck); |
| Yankinďerar. | nowari (pelican), pomeri (catfish), përi (hawk), tuyuŋui (monitor lizard); |
| Karatinďerar. | wild dog of light hue; |
| Piltinďerar. | pomeri (catfish) |
|
References
Sources
- Book: A World that was: The Yaraldi of the Murray River and the Lakes, South Australia . Berndt . Ronald Murray . Berndt . Catherine Helen . Stanton . John E. . Ronald Berndt . Catherine Berndt . 1993 . . 978-0-774-80478-3.
- Vocabularies of three South Australian languages—Wirrung, Narrinyeri and Wongaidya . Black . J. M. . . 1917 . 41 . 1–8 .
- Notes on the Social Organization of Australian Tribes . Brown . A. R. . Alfred Radcliffe-Brown . . July–December 1918 . 48 . 222–253 . 10.2307/2843422 . 2843422.
- Book: Eylmann, Erhard . Die Eingeborenen der Kolonie Südaustralien . 1908 . D.Reimer . Berlin .
- Book: Meyer, H. A. E. . Vocabulary of the language spoken by the aborigines of the Southern and Eastern portions of the settled districts of South Australia: preceded by a grammar . 1843 . James Allen . Adelaide .
- Book: Meyer, H. A. E. . Manners and customs of the aborigines of the Encounter Bay tribe . 1846 . George Dehane, gov. printer . Adelaide .
- Notes on a Comparative Table of Australian Languages . Taplin . George . George Taplin . . 1872 . 1 . 84–88 . 10.2307/2841150 . 2841150.
- Book: Taplin, George . The Narrinyeri . 1878 . George Taplin . First published 1873 . The Native Tribes of South Australia . E.S. Wigg & Son . Adelaide . 1–156.
- Book: Taplin, George . Folklore, manners, customs and languages of the South Australian aborigines . 1879 . George Taplin . E Spiller, Acting Government Printer . Adelaide .
- Book: Taplin, George . Grammar of the Narrinyeri tribe: Appendix B. . 1892 . George Taplin . First published 1878 . An Australian language as spoken by the Awabakal, the people of Awaba, or lake Macquarie (near Newcastle, New South Wales) being an account of their language, traditions, and customs . Fraser . John . C. Potter, Govt. Printer . Sydney . 24–28.
- Legend of Waijungari, Jaralde tribe, Lake Alexandrina, South Australia, and the phonetic system employed in its transcription . Tindale . Norman Barnett . Norman Tindale . . 1935 . 5 . 3 . 261–274 .
- Book: Tindale, Norman Barnett . Jarildekald (SA) . 1974 . Norman Tindale . Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names . . http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/jarildekald.htm . 978-0-708-10741-6.
- Results of the excavation of Kongarati cave near Second Valley, South Australia . Tindale . Norman Barnett . Mountford . C. P. . Norman Tindale . Charles P. Mountford . . 1936 . 5 . 4 . 487–502 .
Notes and References
- Web site: Colonial Logic and the Coorong Massacres. 2019. Watson, Irene . 40. 1. 167-171 . Adelaide Law Review 167 . . 17 December 2023.
