| Jarama | |
| Map: | Jarama.png |
| Subdivision Type1: | Country |
| Subdivision Name1: | Spain |
| Subdivision Type2: | State |
| Subdivision Name2: | Guadalajara, Madrid |
| Subdivision Type3: | Region |
| Subdivision Name3: | Iberian Peninsula |
| Length: | 194km (121miles) |
| Discharge1 Avg: | 31.7m3/s |
| Source1: | Peña Cebollera |
| Source1 Location: | Sierra de Ayllón |
| Source1 Coordinates: | 41.1661°N -3.5383°W |
| Source1 Elevation: | 2119m (6,952feet) |
| Mouth: | Tagus |
| Mouth Location: | near Aranjuez |
| Mouth Coordinates: | 40.0308°N -3.6497°W |
| Mouth Elevation: | 494m (1,621feet) |
| River System: | Tagus |
| Basin Size: | 5047km2 |
| Tributaries Left: | Henares, Tajuña |
| Tributaries Right: | Lozoya, Guadalix, Manzanares |
Jarama (pronounced as /es/) is a river in central Spain. It flows north to south and passes east of Madrid where the El Atazar Dam is built on a tributary, the Lozoya River. It flows into the river Tagus in Aranjuez. The Manzanares is a tributary of the Jarama.
See main article: Battle of Jarama. The Jarama was the scene of fierce fighting in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War. Nationalist forces crossed the river in an attempt to cut the main road from Madrid to the Republican capital at Valencia. Nationalist forces led by Spanish Legionnaires and Moroccan soldiers (Regulares) of the Army of Africa were confronted by forces from the Republic including the 15th International Brigade.
The song Jarama Valley, with lyrics referencing the battle, became popular among the Republican battalions.
El Jarama is a 1955 novel by Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio about a group of working-class youngsters from Madrid meeting for a picnic by the river on a summer day. Its realistic dialog renovated Spanish novels, and it won the Premio Nadal (Nadal Prize) in 1955.