Japreria language explained

Japrería
States:	Venezuela
Ethnicity:	160 (2011)
Speakers:	170
Date:	2002 census
Ref:	e25
Familycolor:	American
Fam1:	Cariban
Fam2:	(unclassified)
Fam3:	Yupka
Iso3:	jru
Glotto:	japr1238
Glottorefname:	Japreria

Japrería (Yapreria) is a Cariban language of Venezuela.

Phonology

Consonants^[1] !!Labial!Alveolar!Post-alveolar!Palatal!Velar!Uvular!Glottal

Nasal	pronounced as /ink/	pronounced as /ink/
Stop/Affricate	pronounced as /ink/	pronounced as /ink/	pronounced as /ink/		pronounced as /ink/		pronounced as /ink/
Fricative		pronounced as /ink/	pronounced as /ink/				pronounced as /ink/
Approximant	pronounced as /ink/			pronounced as /ink/
Rhotic		pronounced as /ink/				pronounced as /ink/

• pronounced as //ʋ// is labiodental, while pronounced as //m, p// are bilabial.

Vowels!!Front!Central!Back

Close	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Mid	pronounced as /link/		pronounced as /link/
Open		pronounced as /link/

• pronounced as /link/ and pronounced as /link/ are allophones of pronounced as /link/.
• Central pronounced as /link/ has a front allophone pronounced as /link/.

References

• Oquendo . Luis . 2004a . La vibrante uvular y la aproximante labiodental en la lengua japreria como cultura fonológica . Opción . 20 . 45 . 60–74 . es.

Further reading

• de Armellada . P. Cesáreo . 1957 . Los indios Japrería. Algunas noticias antiguas y modernas y comentarios sobre las mismas . Venezuela Misionera . 225.
• de Armellada . Cesáreo . 1956 . Los indios Japréria, una nueva tribu redescubierta . Boletín Indigenista . 16 . 210 . 356–365.
• Dupouy . Walter . 1958 . Noticias de los indios Japrería . Antropológica . 4 . 1–16.
• Durbin . Marshall . Seijas . Haydée . 1972 . The phonological structure of the Western Carib languages of the Sierra de Perija, Venezuela . 3 . 69–77 . Atti del XL Congresso Internazionale degli Americanisti.
• Flores . Elexander . Morfosintaxis del Japreria . MA . Universidad del Zulia . 2002 . Maracaibo.
• Book: Jaramillo Gómez, O. . Geografía humana de Colombia . ICCH . 1992 . II: Nordeste indígena . Bogotá . 294–339 . Los Yuko-Yukpa.
• Oquendo . Luis . 2004b . Is Japreria a Yukpa Dialect? . Lingua Americana . 8 . 14.
• Book: Ruddle, K. . Los aborígenes de Venezuela . Wilbert . J. . 1983 . Coppens . W. . II . 33–124 . Los Yukpa.
• Book: Straka, H. . Ocho años entre yukpas y japrerías . Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República . 1980 . Caracas.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Japreria . 2024-07-06 . SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories . en . v. 2.1.0., citing