| Document Name: | Japanese passport Japanese: {{nobold|日本国旅券 |
| Date First Issued: | 21 May 1866[1] (letter of request) 1 January 1926 (booklet) 1 November 1992 (machine-readable passport) 20 March 2006[2] (biometric passport) 31 August 2013[3] 4 February 2020[4] [5] (current version) |
| Using Jurisdiction: | Ministry of Foreign Affairs |
| Document Type: | Passport |
| Purpose: | Identification |
| Eligibility: | Japanese citizenship |
| Expiration: | 10 years or 5 years or shorter [6] after acquisition for adults, 5 years for ages under 17 |
| Cost: | 10 year adult passport; ¥16,000 5 year passport for 12-year-old or over; ¥11,000 5 year passport for 11-year-old or under; ¥6,000[7] |
are issued to Japanese nationals to facilitate international travel. From 2018 to 2022, it was ranked first on the Henley Passport Index for visa-free travel,[8] and second as of July 2024, with holders able to travel visa-free to 194 countries and territories.[9]
The first travel documents for overseas travel by Japanese citizens were introduced in 1866, near the end of the Tokugawa shogunate. These documents took the form of a stamped "letter of request" allowing Japanese citizens to travel overseas for business and educational purposes. The first person to be issued with a Japanese travel document was the acrobat and magician, who received his travel document on 17 October 1866 in order to perform at the 1867 Exposition Universelle held in Paris, France. The term "passport" was formally introduced into the Japanese language in 1878, and in 1900 the first regulations governing the usage of Japanese passports were introduced. The modern form of the Japanese passport first came about in 1926, and the first ICAO-compliant, machine-readable Japanese passports were introduced in 1992.[1]
All Japanese passports issued after 20 March 2006 are biometric passports.
Japanese passports have the Chrysanthemum Imperial Seal of Japan inscribed in the centre of the front cover, with seal script Kanji characters reading Nipponkoku Ryoken (Japanese: 日本国旅券|lit=Japan Country Travel Certificate) inscribed above the Seal and its English translation JAPAN PASSPORT in Latin letters below the Seal. Ordinary passports valid for five years feature dark blue covers, and those valid for ten years feature crimson-coloured covers. Additionally, official passports feature dark green covers, and diplomatic passports feature dark brown covers.
The information page ends with the Machine Readable Zone.
A photo for a Japanese passport should meet specific requirements:
The passports contain a note from the issuing country that is addressed to the authorities of all other countries, identifying the bearer as a citizen of that country and requesting that he or she be allowed to pass and be treated according to international norms. The note inside of Japanese passports states:
In Japanese:
Japanese: 日本国民である本旅券の所持人を通路故障なく旅行させ、かつ、同人に必要な保護扶助を与えられるよう、関係の諸官に要請する。 日本国外務大臣
In English:
The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan requests all those whom it may concern to allow the bearer, a Japanese national, to pass freely and without hindrance and, in case of need, to afford him or her every possible aid and protection.
Japanese passports are entirely printed in both Japanese and English, except for the note of caution that is found at the end of the passport (e.g. on page 51 of the ten-year biometric ordinary passport), which is only printed in Japanese. This note contains information about what the bearer should know when encountering various situations in a foreign country.
The surname, given name and other personalised mentions (like registered domicile) are only indicated in Latin uppercase letters. Japanese names are in principle transcribed according to one variant of the Hepburn romanization system, but exceptions are admitted in certain cases, notably when the name comes from the katakana transcription of a foreign name (such as Japanese spouse or Japanese child of a foreign national), in which case the original spelling of the name in the Latin alphabet (with no diacritics) may be used.
The signature may be written in any language and in any spelling the individual desires.
See main article: Visa requirements for Japanese citizens. Visa requirements for Japanese citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states which are placed on citizens of Japan. As of 20 July 2023, Japanese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 194 countries and territories, ranking the Japanese passport the most powerful passport in the world in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.