| Type: | total |
| Date: | 20 January 2019 |
| Gamma: | 0.3684 |
| Magnitude: | 1.1953 |
| Saros Ser: | 134 |
| Saros No: | 27 of 73 |
| Totality: | 61 minutes, 59 seconds |
| Partiality: | 196 minutes, 45 seconds |
| Penumbral: | 311 minutes, 30 seconds |
| P1: | 2:36:30 |
| U1: | 3:33:54 |
| U2: | 4:41:17 |
| Greatest: | 5:12:16 |
| U3: | 5:43:16 |
| U4: | 6:50:39 |
| P4: | 7:48:00 |
| Previous: | July 2018 |
| Next: | July 2019 |
A total lunar eclipse occurred on 21 January 2019 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). For observers in the Americas, the eclipse took place between the evening of Sunday, 20 January and the early morning hours of Monday, 21 January. For observers in Europe and Africa, the eclipse occurred during the morning of 21 January. The Moon was near its perigee on 21 January and as such can be described as a "supermoon".[1]
As this supermoon was also a wolf moon (the first full moon in a calendar year), it was referred to as a "super blood wolf moon"; blood refers to the typical red color of the Moon during a total lunar eclipse.[2] This was the last total lunar eclipse until May 2021. This was a Super Full Moon because occurred less than a day before perigee and the Moon was less than exactly 360,000 km (223,694 mi).
The Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles, California captured video showing a meteor between the size of an acorn and tennis ball impacting the Moon during the eclipse.[3] The impact was observed during totality, at 4:41 UTC, on the left side of the Moon.[4] It is the only documented case of a lunar impact during a total lunar eclipse.[5]
The eclipse was visible in its entirety from North and South America, as well as portions of western Europe and northwest Africa. From locations in North America, the eclipse began during the evening hours of January 20. Observers at locations in Europe and much of Africa were able to view part of the eclipse before the Moon set in the early morning (pre-dawn) hours of January 21.
The penumbral phases of the eclipse changes the appearance of the Moon only slightly and is generally not noticeable.[6]
| Time zone adjustments from UTC | Americas | Atlantic | European/African | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -8h | -7h | -6h | -5h | -4h | -3h | -2h | -1h | 0h | +1h | +2h | +3h | |||
| PST | MST | CST | EST | AST | GMT WET | WEST CET BST | CEST EET MSK−1 | FET MSK EAT | ||||||
| Event | Evening 20 January | Morning 21 January | ||||||||||||
| P1 | Penumbral begins* | 6:37 pm | 7:37 pm | 8:37 pm | 9:37 pm | 10:37 pm | 11:37 pm | 12:37 am | 1:37 am | 2:37 am | 3:37 am | 4:37 am | 5:37 am | |
| U1 | Partial begins | 7:34 pm | 8:34 pm | 9:34 pm | 10:34 pm | 11:34 pm | 12:34 am | 1:34 am | 2:34 am | 3:34 am | 4:34 am | 5:34 am | 6:34 am | |
| U2 | Total begins | 8:41 pm | 9:41 pm | 10:41 pm | 11:41 pm | 12:41 am | 1:41 am | 2:41 am | 3:41 am | 4:41 am | 5:41 am | 6:41 am | 7:41 am | |
| Mid-eclipse | 9:12 pm | 10:12 pm | 11:12 pm | 12:12 am | 1:12 am | 2:12 am | 3:12 am | 4:12 am | 5:12 am | 6:12 am | 7:12 am | 8:12 am | ||
| U3 | Total ends | 9:43 pm | 10:43 pm | 11:43 pm | 12:43 am | 1:43 am | 2:43 am | 3:43 am | 4:43 am | 5:43 am | 6:43 am | 7:43 am | 8:43 am | |
| U4 | Partial ends | 10:51 pm | 11:51 pm | 12:51 am | 1:51 am | 2:51 am | 3:51 am | 4:51 am | 5:51 am | 6:51 am | 7:51 am | 8:51 am | 9:51 am | |
| P4 | Penumbral ends* | 11:48 pm | 12:48 am | 1:48 am | 2:48 am | 3:48 am | 4:48 am | 5:48 am | 6:48 am | 7:48 am | 8:48 am | 9:48 am | 10:48 am | |
It took place in the constellation of Cancer, just west of the Beehive Cluster.
Livestreams detected a flash of light while viewing the eclipse. It was "likely caused by the crash of a tiny, fast-moving meteoroid left behind by a comet."[7]
Originally thinking it was electronic noise from the camera, astronomers and citizen scientists shared the visual phenomenon with each other to identify it.
When totality was just beginning at 4:41 UT, the tiny speck of light blinked south of a nearly 55-mile-wide crater in the western part of the moon.[8]
The location of the impact may be somewhere in the lunar highlands, south of Byrgius crater, according to Justin Cowart, a graduate student in geosciences at Stony Brook University in New York who first saw the flash of light.
“A meteoroid about this size hits the moon about once a week or so,” said Cowart.
This may be the first time that a collision, during a total lunar eclipse, was captured on video.
“I have not heard of anyone seeing an impact like this during a lunar eclipse before,” said Sara Russell, a professor of planetary sciences at the Natural History Museum in London.
People posted their images and video of a flicker of light as news spread quickly on social media.
Working overtime, co-director of the Moon Impacts Detection and Analysis System, MIDAS, an astrophysicist at the University of Huelva in Spain, Jose Maria Madiedo, set up eight telescopes to watch for any impacts during the eclipse.
“Something inside of me told me that this time would be the time,” said Madiedo.
A paper calculated a mass between 20 and 100 kilograms and diameter of 30 to 50 cm that may have caused a 7–15 meter crater located "inside a triangle with vertices in the Lagrange H, K and X craters".[9] Other astronomers estimated a 10-15 meter crater from a 45 kg asteroid moving 61,000 km/h.[10]
It is part of Saros cycle 134.
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[11] This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of Solar Saros 141.
Penumbral Magnitude = 2.16972 (216.972%)
Umbral Magnitude = 1.19657 (119.657%)
Gamma = 0.36842 (36.945%)
Epsilon = 0.3763° (0°22’34.68”)
Greatest Eclipse = 2019 Jan 21 at 05:12:18.0 UTC
Ecliptic Opposition = 2019 Jan 21 at 05:16:04.9 UTC
Equatorial Opposition = 2019 Jan 21 at 05:07:42.5 UTC
Sun’s Equatorial Right Ascension = 20.205h
Sun’s Equatorial Declination = -19.96°
Sun’s Apparent Diameter = 1950.4 arcseconds
Sun’s Equatorial Horizontal Parallax = 17.8 arcseconds
Moon’s Equatorial Right Ascension = 8.208h
Moon’s Equatorial Declination = +20.34°
Moon’s Apparent Diameter = 2004.2 arcseconds
Moon’s Equatorial Horizontal Parallax = 7355.8 arcseconds
Earth’s Shadow’s Equatorial Right Ascension = 8.205h
Earth’s Shadow’s Equatorial Declination = +19.96°
Earth’s Penumbral Shadow Diameter = 9424.8 arcseconds
Earth’s Umbral Shadow Diameter = 5523.84 arcseconds
Saros = 134 (27 of 73)
Orbital Node = Ascending Node
Moon’s Distance = 357,718 km (222,276 mi)