| Country: | Russian Federation |
| Type: | legislative |
| Previous Election: | 1906 Russian legislative election |
| Previous Year: | 1906 |
| Next Election: | October 1907 Russian legislative election |
| Next Year: | October 1907 |
| Seats For Election: | All 518 seats in the State Duma |
| Majority Seats: | 260 |
| Election Date: | January 1907 |
| Image1: | AladinAF1907 Crop.jpg |
| Leader1: | Alexey Aladyin |
| Party1: | Trudoviks |
| Seats1: | 104 |
| Leader2: | Pavel Milyukov |
| Party2: | Constitutional Democratic Party |
| Seats2: | 98 |
| Image3: | MartovW.jpg |
| Leader3: | Julius Martov |
| Party3: | Russian Social Democratic Labour Party |
| Seats3: | 65 |
| Image4: | Viktor Mikhaylovich Chernov.jpg |
| Leader4: | Viktor Chernov |
| Party4: | Socialist Revolutionary Party |
| Seats4: | 37 |
| Image5: | Guchkov.jpg |
| Leader5: | Alexander Guchkov |
| Party5: | Union of October 17 |
| Seats5: | 32 |
| Image6: | Alexey Vasilyevich Peshekhonov.jpg |
| Leader6: | Alexey Peshekhonov |
| Party6: | Popular Socialists (Russia) |
| Seats6: | 16 |
| Chairman | |
| Posttitle: | Chairman-designate |
| Before Election: | Sergey Muromtsev |
| Before Party: | Constitutional Democratic Party |
| After Election: | Fyodor Golovin |
| After Party: | Constitutional Democratic Party |
Legislative elections were held in the Russian Empire between January and March 1907. The Trudoviks emerged as the largest bloc in the second State Duma, winning 104 of the 518 seats.[1] Only 26 MPs elected the previous year retained their seats. In Congress Poland, the National-Democratic Party won 34 of the 38 seats.[2]
The new Duma was opened on 6 March, with Fyodor Alexandrovich Golovin elected as its president.[3]