| Month: | January |
| Year: | 1276 |
| Dates: | 21–22 January 1276 |
| Location: | Cathedral of S. Pietro, Arezzo |
| Protopriest: | Simone Paltineri |
| Protodeacon: | Riccardo Annibaldi |
| Ballots: | 1 |
| Pope Elected: | Pierre de Tarentaise |
| Nametaken: | Innocent V |
| Prevconclave Year: | 1268–71 |
| Prevconclave Link: | 1268–71 papal election |
| Nextconclave Year: | July 1276 |
| Nextconclave Link: | July 1276 papal conclave |
The January 1276 papal conclave (January 21–22), was the 1st papal conclave. held under the rules of constitution Ubi periculum issued by Pope Gregory X in 1274, which established papal conclaves. According to Ubi periculum Cardinals were to be secluded in a closed area; they were not even accorded separate rooms. No cardinal was allowed to be attended by more than one servant unless ill. Food was to be supplied through a window; after three days of the meeting, the cardinals were to receive only one dish a day; after five days, they were to receive just bread and water. During the conclave, no cardinal was to receive any ecclesiastical revenue. These provisions were regularly disregarded, at the discretion of the cardinals, particularly the requirement of being incommunicado.
Although several times before papal elections were held in the circumstances similar to those described by Ubi periculum,[1] for the first time such situation was formally required by a papal Constitution. For this reason, the Conclave of January 1276 can be considered the first papal conclave in history in the strictly legal sense of this word.
Pope Gregory X died on January 10, 1276, at Arezzo. At the time of his death there were probably 15 cardinals in the Sacred College, but only 13 of them participated in the subsequent conclave. Seven of them were created by Urban IV, four by Gregory X and one by Gregory IX:
| Elector | Cardinalatial title | Elevated | Appointed by | Other ecclesiastical titles | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pierre de Tarentaise, O.P. | Bishop of Ostia e Velletri | June 3, 1273 | Elected Pope Innocent V | |||
| João Pedro Julião | Bishop of Frascati | June 3, 1273 | ||||
| Vicedominus de Vicedominis | Bishop of Palestrina | June 3, 1273 | Nephew of Pope Gregory X | |||
| Bertrand de Saint-Martin, O.S.B. | Bishop of Sabina | June 3, 1273 | ||||
| Simone Paltanieri | Priest of SS. Silvestro e Martino | December 17, 1261 | ||||
| Ancher Pantaleon | Priest of S. Prassede | May 1262 | Urban IV | |||
| Guillaume de Bray | Priest of S. Marco | May 1262 | Urban IV | |||
| Riccardo Annibaldi | Deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria | 1238 | Gregory IX | Protodeacon
| nephew of Pope Innocent III | |
| Ottobono Fieschi | Deacon of S. Adriano | December, 1251 | Innocent IV | Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian Basilica | future Pope Adrian V | |
| Uberto Coconati | Deacon of S. Eustachio | December 17, 1261 | Urban IV | |||
| Giacomo Savelli | Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin | December 17, 1261 | Urban IV | Future Pope Honorius IV | ||
| Goffredo da Alatri | Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro | December 17, 1261 | Urban IV | |||
| Matteo Rosso Orsini | Deacon of S. Maria in Portico | May 1262 | Urban IV | Nephew of Pope Nicholas III |
Two cardinals were absent, including one created by Urban IV and one created by Innocent IV:
| Elector | Cardinalatial title | Elevated | Appointed by | Other ecclesiastical titles | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simon Monpitie de Brie | Priest of S. Cecilia | December 17, 1261 | Urban IV | Papal Legate in the Kingdom of France | Future Pope Martin IV | |
| Giovanni Gaetano Orsini | Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | May 28, 1244 | Innocent IV | Inquisitor General; Protector of the Order of Franciscans | Future Pope Nicholas III |
On January 20, 10 days after the death of Gregory X, 15 cardinals assembled in the episcopal palace in Arezzo. In the first scrutiny on the following day they unanimously elected French Cardinal Pierre de Tarentaise, bishop of Ostia e Velletri, who took the name of Innocent V. He was the first Dominican pope.