| Janov | |
| Settlement Type: | Town |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type2: | Region |
| Subdivision Name2: | Moravian-Silesian |
| Subdivision Type3: | District |
| Subdivision Name3: | Bruntál |
| Pushpin Map: | Czech Republic |
| Pushpin Relief: | 1 |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in the Czech Republic |
| Coordinates: | 50.2447°N 17.4814°W |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Jan Borovec |
| Established Title: | First mentioned |
| Established Date: | 1267 |
| Area Total Km2: | 11.03 |
| Elevation M: | 410 |
| Population As Of: | 2024-01-01 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Total: | 264 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone1: | CET |
| Utc Offset1: | +1 |
| Timezone1 Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset1 Dst: | +2 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 793 84 |
Janov (German: Johannesthal) is a town in Bruntál District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants, which makes it one of the least populated towns in the country.
Janov is located about north of Bruntál and northwest of Ostrava. It is situated in the Osoblažsko microregion, on the border with Poland. It lies in the Zlatohorská Highlands. The highest point of the municipal territory is on the slopes of Solný vrch Hill at 860m (2,820feet) above sea level. The town is situated in the valley of the Osoblaha River.
Janov was probably founded in 1251 by Bishop Bruno von Schauenburg as an agricultural forest village. From its inception until 1588, Janov was part of the Osoblaha estate, owned by the bishops of Olomouc. In 1535, it was promoted to a free mining town by bishop Stanislav I Thurzo. It was assumed that there are rich deposits of precious metals around the town and its mining will bring prosperity and wealth. Although the assumptions were not met and the mining ended in 1581, the already granted privileges helped the development of Janov and gave the town an urban character.[2] [3]
The prosperity ended with the Thirty Years' War, when Janov was occupied by the Swedish army. In 1741 during the War of the Austrian Succession, the town was burned down by Prussians. However, the town recovered. In 1938, Janov was annexed by the Nazi Germany. After World War II, the German population was expelled and the town depopulated.[3]
There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.
The square is considered architecturally valuable.[2] In the western corner of the square there is the late Baroque Church of the Holy Trinity built in 1780–1783, with a cemetery located on the grounds. In the middle of the square are the Mining Memorial erected for the 650th anniversary of the town and the baroque statue of the Virgin Mary Immaculate from 1739. The cemetery includes two valuable chapels from the 19th century.[4]
A regional museum is located on the premises of the town hall.[4]
On the right bank of the Osoblaha there is a linden tree that can be up to 1000 years old. It is one of the oldest and largest trees in the country.[5]