Jane Herbert Wilkinson Long Explained

Jane Herbert Wilkinson Long
Birth Name:Jane Herbert Wilkinson
Birth Date:July 23, 1798
Birth Place:Charles County, Maryland
Death Place:Fort Bend County, Texas
Occupation:Boarding house owner, planter
Spouse:James Long
Relatives:James Wilkinson (uncle)
Alexander Calvit (brother-in-law)

Jane Herbert Wilkinson Long (July 23, 1798 – December 30, 1880) was a Texas pioneer. She owned boarding houses and a plantation in Texas. She is best known as the "Mother of Texas."

Biography

Early life

Jane Herbert Wilkinson Long was born on July 23, 1798, in Charles County, Maryland.[1] She was a niece of General James Wilkinson;[2] her father was James' eldest brother, William Mackall Wilkinson (c.1751-1799).[3]

About 1811, her family moved from Maryland to the small town of Washington, Mississippi, the capital of the Mississippi Territory.

Adult life

She moved to Texas with her husband in the 1820s.[1] In 1822, her husband died after being captured by Spanish/Mexican forces and she became a widow.[1] Stephen F. Austin gave Jane grants of land in Fort Bend and Waller counties; but instead of farming, she opened a boarding house in San Felipe, Texas.

She sold part of her land in Fort Bend County, on which the town of Richmond was built. She later moved to Richmond, where she opened a boarding house and started a plantation nearby.

Personal life

Jane was married in Natchez, Mississippi,[1] in 1815 to James Long, a doctor and a native of Virginia. He had led a filibuster expedition attempting to take control of Spanish Texas in 1819, and in a second attempt in April 1820 he brought his pregnant wife and 300 troops to join refugees from the first expedition on the Bolivar Peninsula near present-day Galveston. Forced to surrender along with his troops at Presidio La Bahía in October 1821, he was killed by a guard on April 8, 1822, during imprisonment in Mexico City.

Meanwhile, left behind at Bolivar Point (now Port Bolivar), Jane gave birth on December 21, 1821, to her third child, Mary James Long,[1] with her only slave, Kian, helping.[4] Throughout a long winter, they and her children struggled as she waited for her husband's return. At one point, several Karankawa Indians appeared, but she fired a cannon each day to make them think there was an army stationed there. Together Jane and Kian fought starvation for weeks, hunting their own game, fishing and gathering oysters, until the news of her husband's death finally reached her during the spring, whereupon they headed out. She then left Texas but returned in the later 1820s as a bona fide colonist.

Jane Long claimed to be the first woman of English descent to settle in Texas, and her daughter Mary is often said to be the first child born in Texas to an English-speaking woman,[1] but this has been disproved by census records from 1807 to 1826 which show a number of Anglo-American births.[1] [5]

Nevertheless because of this, she became known as the "Mother of Texas." Sam Houston later gave the same title to Margaret Theresa Wright during a gubernatorial speech on August 1, 1857, in Wright's hometown of Victoria for Wright's heroic support of Texas troops during the Texas Revolution.[6]

Her sister, Barbara Mackall Wilkinson, married Alexander Calvit, a sugar planter.[7] [8]

Death

She died on December 30, 1880, in Fort Bend County, Texas.

Legacy

A number of schools within Texas have been named after the "Mother of Texas." Among them are the following:

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Henson . Margaret Swett . Long, Jane Herbert Wilkinson . Handbook of Texas Online . . 2013-05-03.
  2. John Edward Weems, "WILKINSON, JAMES," Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fwi87), accessed May 10, 2015. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
  3. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=eflmkl&id=I065847 Wilkinson page on RootsWeb
  4. Web site: Jane Long and Kian. March 2011. 16 December 2015. Women in Texas History. Jones. Nancy Baker.
  5. Web site: LONG, JANE HERBERT WILKINSON. tshaonline.org.
  6. Web site: McArthur. Judith N. . Wright, Margaret Theresa Robertson . Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association . May 3, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090108085648/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/WW/fwr17_print.html . January 8, 2009. live.
  7. Neila Skinner Petrick, Jane Long of Texas, 1798-1880: A Biographical Novel of Jane Wilkinson Long of Texas : Based on Her True Story, Pelican Publishing, 2000, p. 89 https://books.google.com/books?id=HMD-rc6x6msC&dq=%22sandy+calvit%22&pg=PA89
  8. Mary Austin Holley, Mary Austin Holley: The Texas Diary, 1835-1838, Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1965, p. 113 https://books.google.com/books?id=OvgTAAAAYAAJ&q=%22alexander+calvit%22