| Janbazar | |
| Settlement Type: | Neighbourhood in Kolkata (Calcutta) |
| Pushpin Map: | India Kolkata |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Kolkata |
| Coordinates: | 22.5583°N 88.3581°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name1: | West Bengal |
| Subdivision Type2: | City |
| Subdivision Type3: | District |
| Subdivision Name3: | Kolkata |
| Subdivision Type4: | Metro Station |
| Subdivision Name4: | Esplanade and Sealdah |
| Seat Type: | Municipal Corporation |
| Seat: | Kolkata Municipal Corporation |
| Parts Type: | KMC wards |
| Parts: | 46, 52 |
| Unit Pref: | Imperial |
| Elevation Ft: | 36 |
| Timezone: | IST |
| Utc Offset: | +5:30 |
| Postal Code Type: | PIN |
| Postal Code: | 700013 |
| Area Code: | +91 33 |
| Blank1 Name Sec1: | Lok Sabha constituency |
| Blank1 Info Sec1: | Kolkata Uttar |
| Blank2 Name Sec1: | Vidhan Sabha constituency |
| Blank2 Info Sec1: | Chowranghee |
Janbazar is a neighbourhood of Central Kolkata, in Kolkata district in the Indian state of West Bengal. The two century-old house of Rani Rashmoni, the central attraction in Janbazar, is still used by descendants in the family.
Janbazar is broadly spread across Ward Nos. 46 and 52 of Kolkata Municipal Corporation.[1]
The road from Chowringhee to Circular Road, about a mile long, was called Jan Bazar Road till the end of the 19th century. It was then renamed Corporation Street[2] and was further renamed Surendranath Banerjee Road. In olden days, Kolkata streets had oil lamps. Then came the gas lamp and electricity. For sometime there was a tussle between gas lamps and electricity. In 1914, high-powered Keith lamps of 1,000 candle power were fixed on Corporation Street, and Chowringhee Road. Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation bore the cost to demonstrate the advantage of electricity.[3]
Janbazar is served by New Market Police Station of Kolkata Police.[4] The police station is located in Janbazar.
New Market police station is part of the Central division of Kolkata Police. It is located at 133/2 S.N. Banerjee Road, Kolkata-700013.[5]
Taltala Women police station covers all police districts under the jurisdiction of the Central division i.e. Bowbazar, Burrabazar, Girish Park, Hare Street, Jorasanko, Muchipara, New Market, Taltala and Posta.[5]
The most famous resident of Janbazar was Rani Rashmoni. Married at the age of 11 to Raj Chandra Das (Marh), the Zamindar of Janbazar, she constructed Dakshineswar Kali Temple and engaged in numerous philanthropic activities.[6] [7]
What is now known as Rani Rashmoni's house at the crossing of Rani Rashmoni Road and Surendranath Banerjee Road, was initially 70&71 Free School Street. Rani Rashmoni's father-in-law, Pritaram Das, started constructing this house in 1805. It took some 7–8 years to complete construction of the big house.[6]
Rani Rashmoni had four daughters – Padmamani, Kumari, Karunamoyee and Jagadamba. Mathuramohan Biswas, the husband of Rani Rashmoni's youngest daughter Jagadamba, had always been like a son to Rashmoni which she did not have biologically. The house is now divided into three parts. Jagadamba's descendants live in 13 Rani Rashmoni Road, Kumari's descendants live in 18/3 Surendranath Banerjee Road, and Padmamani's descendants live in 20 Surendranath Banerjee Road.[6] The family is finding it difficult to maintain the house and although Kolkata Municipal Corporation has declared it a heritage building, it has no funds needed for restoration.[8] Parts of the house are collapsing.[9]
Many buses ply along Lenin Sarani, Surendranath Banerjee Road (S.N. Banerjee Road), Chowringhee Road and Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Road. Kolkata trams route no. 5 (via Lenin Sarani) and 25 (via Lenin Sarani-Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Road) also serve the locality.[10] The traffic across Janbazar, is extremely heavy. Normally, it is a scene of chaos and when a mishap takes place, it is further chaos.[11] Sealdah Station, one of the five major railway-terminals of Kolkata Metropolitan Area, is located nearby.